This paper deals with uses of geothermal energy in all fields such as electric power generation, district heating, industrial and agricultural applications and the like. An interest was concentrated firstly upon geothermal power generation with minimal pollutions and low cost per unit of energy. Where geothermal resources are abundant in countries with cold climates, it is in fact sufficiently economical that geothermal district heatings are of great importance for house and agricultural heatings. Industrial applications are in process heating, mining and upgrading of minerals. Other uses are in balneological and recreational fields.
In future, the development of utilizing system of geothermal energy should be stressed in the combination of some economical uses described in this report.

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A crack-detector using the ultrasonic pulse method has been developed for the borehole measurements, which can obtain the crack distribution and the sonic velocity change in rocks. The BX boreholes required for the measurements are drilled horizontally to the side wall of the opening. The detector is then inserted in a borehole, and the two-pxobes of the detector are pressed against the inner face of the borehole. The sound velocity of rocks between the two-probes is measured by an apparatus for determining the ultrasonic wave velocities. If the cracks exist in rocks between the two-probes, a pulse produced by the ultrasonic wave disappears from the cathode-ray tube included in the apparatus.
The results obtained from the field measurements made at the underground of Yaguki mine. Fukushima prefecture, are as follows;
The cracks are distributed widely in limestone, and it is difficult to find a certain relation between the sound velocity of limestone and the distance from the side wall of the opening. Further, the crack density in the boundary zone between ore body and limestone is much greater than that in ore body.
These observations obtained from the field measurements will be useful for the design of underground structure in rocks.

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Various oxidized copper minerals were treated by Isodynamic Separator. By intensifying the magnetic field, this oxidized copper minerals were separated and concentrated as magnetic products.
For analysing this interesting findings, the magnetic susceptibilities of various specimens were measured by a magnetic balance, which were tried to relate with the chemical component. By theoretical calculation as paramagnetism, the susceptibilities were well related with the chemical contents of copper and iron. It was concluded that the magnetism of oxidized copper mineral is caused by the magnetic moment of copper and iron.

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The Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Japan has completed basic testing a newly developed soil hardening agent in the difficult task of controlling mine pollution and in conjunction with disposal as well as land reclamation.
An accumlation of coal mining waste was transferred as a slurry via pumping to a coastal disposal area where testing of the finely pulverized waste as a land reclamation material was conducted.
In using the results obtained at the Tadotsu harbor reclamation project in Kagawa-ken on Shikoku, it was found that the first proposal offered would be the most advantageous for the following reasons; a-the least expensive method of treating per cubic meter. b-the least discrepancy between design and actual treatment. c-treatment time would be the shortest. d-heavy equipment can utilize the treated area within a week.

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The authors have already found that the hollow glass micro-sphere (Shirasuballoons) could be produced from the fine particles of volcanic glass in the “Shirasu” from Furue-machi, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima-ken. They investigated in this study the possibility of producing the Shirasuballoons from the Shirasu and Shrasu-like pumice flows occurred in various districts in Japan. Some results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) It was able to produce the hollow glass micro-sphere at any rate from the all samples used in this experiment. Especially, the pumice flow containing much more glass particles of massive-type with smooth surface was most useful for the manufacture of good Shirasuballoons in high yield.
(2) For the manufacture of finer Shirasuballoons of high quality in higher yield, it was better to use the particles of size-range 20-74μfrom Makubetsu, Towada, Hayato and Ebino. And the particles of size-range 149-297μfrom Makubetsu, Date, Izumi, Hayato and Ebino couid be used as a material for coarse-grained Shirasuballoons.

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In the circulating system the amount of a particular substance increases with the time elapsed. In this paper, the variation is analyzed on the basis of two models for the system, which are Closed Line Type Model (3.1 and 4. 1) and Perfect Mixing Tank Type Model (3.2 and 4.2).
As another basis the actions to reject the substance from the system are divided into “separation” and “division”. And the material balance is shown in Fig 1. Both the accumulated amount “M” in the system and the rejected amount “D” from the system are mainly influenced by the time for one circulation “T” and the rate of. division “β”. Results of calculations by the use of eqs.(3.1-1), (3.2-1) and eqs.(4.1-1 and 2), (4.2-3) are shown in Fig 2. and Fig. 3. One example of analysis of data measured at a plant (Table 1) is shown in Fig 4.

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Activities of lead in liquid copper base alloys have been determined at 1, 130°C by measuring the relative vapor pressures of the melts with Knudsen effusion method.
The activity of lead in binary dilute solutions showed remarkable positive deviation from Raoult's law and obeyed Henry's law to at least 0.05 mole fraction of lead. The activity coefficient of lead in this composition range, γ°pb, was determined as 4.30 at 1, 130°C.
The effects of five additional solutes including silver, tin, gold, gallium, and indium on the activity of lead were investigated at the same temperature. The activity of lead increased by the addition of gallium, tin and indium, while it decreased by the addition of silver and gold.
The results expressed in terms of the first and second order interaction parameter are as follows:
X Ag Sn Au Ga In
ePb^(X)-10.2+7.0-3.9+8.8+2.1
ePb^(X·pb)+144-15-2-149+66

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Activities of P_bO in the molten P_bO-S_i0₂, P_bO-S_i0₂-C_aO and P_bO-S_i0₂-Al₂0₃ systems were determined by e. m. f. measurementes employing solid electrolytes.
These experiments were carried out at the temperature range of 900°-1, 050°by means of the following galvanic cells. Ni, NiO (s)/zr-ca-O/Pb, PbO-SiO₂ (1) Ni, NiO (s)/Zr-Ca-O /Pb, PbO-SiO₂-CaO (1) Ni, NiO (s)/zr-ca-O/Pb, PbO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ (1)
From these experimental results, it has been shown that the activity of PbO in the molten PbO-SiO₂ system had large negative deviation from Raoult's law and was in a good agreement with previous reliable values and the activity of PbO was considerably increased with increasing of CaO content and was increased slightly by the addition of Al₂0₃.

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