Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics
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Volume 46, Issue 6
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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The 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society: A chairperson's special program: Develoment of geriatric medicine and care for the society; A historical role of the Department of Geriatric Medicine of Kochi Medical School
The 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society: Symposium II: Geriatric medicine and care are need for rural Japan:problems and management
The 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society: Panel Discussion III: Various issues regarding nutrition in end-of-life elderly patients
Original Articles
  • Influence of plasma glucose variability and age on onset of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients analysis of results of long-term outpatient follow-up for 30 years or more
    Toshiko Takao, Mineko Okayasu, Hiroyuki Yanagisawa, Masatoshi Kikuchi
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 528-536
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.528
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) outpatients were followed for 30 years or more. The impact of age and variability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1C on the onset of simple diabetic retinopathy (SDR) was analyzed.
    Methods: The analysis included 84 DM patients who were free of retinopathy on their first visit between 1969 and 1977, then followed at the outpatients clinic through 2006. The plasma glucose and HbA1C were measured on every visit. The indices of variability were expressed as standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variance (CV) and range.
    Results: The SDR incidence was significantly higher in the group of FPG SD ≥37 mg/dl (n=21) than in that of <37 mg/dl (n=63). The hazard ratio, adjusted for the mean FPG, presence of hypoglycemia, age, duration of diabetes, hypertension and treatment of diabetes was 2.64 (95% CI: 1.26-5.50). The mean HbA1C, HbA1C SD, mean FPG and FPG SD were significant risk factors for onset of SDR. Multivariate analysis identified the mean HbA1C and FPG SD as significant independent factors of increase in the risk of SDR onset. The SDR incidence was significantly lower in those aged 42 y or more (n=45) than in those under 42 y (n=39). The hazard ratio, adjusted for the mean FPG, gender, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and treatment of diabetes was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.30-0.95). All values for mean, SD and CV of FPG were significantly lower in the age group of ≥42 y.
    Conclusions: The risk of SDR onset in DM patients increased with the mean values of HbA1C and/or FPG and also with the variability of these parameters. The risk decreased in the group above age 42, which was speculated to be due to the smaller variability in FPG and also due to the fact that subjects included in the group started SDR at the age exceeded the age of predilection for SDR onset.
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  • Analysis of issues of insulin self-injection in elderly
    Keishi Yamauchi
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 537-540
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.537
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    Aim and Method: To elucidate the problems of insulin self-injection in elderly, we evaluated the procedure in 194 outpatients, using a checklist.
    Result: Errors in insulin self-injection were found in about two-thirds of patients. There is no difference in error frequency among any age group. Also, there was no error difference between the elderly group (people aged 65 or over) and the adult group (under 65). However, there were more errors in the elderly group than in the adult group on rechecking after guidance.
    Conclusion: It is necessary to perform periodical confirmation of insulin self-injection at all ages. In particular, early re-inspection should be done in the elderly patients.
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Case Reports
  • Marked PT-INR prolongation associated with appetite loss due to urinary tract infection in a late elderly case with chronic atrial fibrillation
    Ryuhei Saito, Hironobu Akao, Kenichi Kaseno, Yuusuke Nomura, Michihiko ...
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 541-544
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.541
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    An 80-year old woman presented with macroscopic hematuria on June 4th, 2008. She had been suffering from general malaise and appetite loss since about 10 days previously. She had received anticoagulant therapy with warfarin due to chronic atrial fibrillation and PT-INR was well controlled between 1.6-2.2. When she presented, PT-INR was 12.88, and urinary tract infection (UTI) and hypoalbuminemia (2.2 g/dl) were observed. Therefore, warfarin therapy was discontinued, and antibiotics and vitamin K were administered. Normalization of PT-INR resulted in the disappearance of hematuria and UTI improved as a result of antibiotics administration. As the appetite loss improved, for serum albumin level increased. The previous dose of warfarin achieved PT-INR around 1.8. Her drug compliance had been good, and she took no drug nor food which could interact with warfarin. We also found no liver dysfunction, acute renal failure, malignancy, nor hyper- or hypo-thyroidism. Hypoalbuminemia caused by appetite loss due to UTI seems very likely to increase concentration of circulating free warfarin resulting in extreme prolongation of PT-INR. Our findings in the present case may suggest that we should pay more attention on changes of drug pharmacokinetics in elderly patients because of their poor adaptation to their circumstances such as infection or dehydration.
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  • A case of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with familial hypercholesterolemia confirming the improvement of blood glucose control by colestimide
    Sadao Takahashi, Yasuo Zenimaru, Jinya Suzuki, Isamu Miyamori
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 545-550
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.545
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    A 65-year-old woman had been treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus, familial hypercholesterolemia and old myocardial infarction. Combination therapy of atorvastatin (40 mg/day), ethyl icosapentate (1,200 mg/day), probucol (500 mg/day) and colestimide (1 g/day) had never reached an ideal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level. However the conversion to high dose of colestimide (4 g/day) with the same dose of atorvastatin, ethyl icosapentate, and probucol obviously decreased her LDL-C level from 181.2 mg/dl to 148 mg/dl. Reduction of LDL-C level was also associated with the lowering of glycohemoglobin A1c from 10.7% to 8.7% simultaneously. Challenge tests by the cessation and resumption of only colestimide treatment clearly indicated that colestimide has both cholesterol and blood glucose lowering effect. Her body weight and appetite did not change by colestimide treatment. We think that colestimide therapy might provide a beneficial effect on atherosclerotic disease in diabetes mellitus with dyslipidemia through reduction of cholesterol and blood glucose.
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  • A case of a primary effusion lymphoma in the elderly
    Masayuki Honda, Teppei Morikawa, Yasuhiro Yamaguchi, Mariko Tani, Kiyo ...
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 551-556
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.551
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    We report a 90-year-old man who was given a diagnosis of pleural effusion lymphoma (PEL) based on the detailed immunochemical and DNA analyses of the pleural effusion. He was bed-ridden and on enteral nutrition due to severe Alzheimer's disease, and also had diabetes mellitus. He was transferred to our hospital with fever and massive pleural effusion. A cytological examination of the pleural effusion revealed class 5 atypical lymphocytes with a high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The origin of the atypical cells could not be determined by flow cytometry of the pleural effusion, which only suggested the existence of inflammatory changes. Considering his general physical status, further investigations were not performed. The respiratory failure progressed, and he died on the 45th hospital day. At autopsy, no atypical cells were identified in his organs other than in the right thoracic space. We conducted immunochemical staining after making a cell block from the effusion sample. Most of the atypical cells were CD30 positive, with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)-associated protein. A PCR analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene detected monoclonal rearrangement, thus indicating the atypical cells to be involved in the B-cell lineage. These findings led to a final diagnosis of PEL. PEL is a rare type of lymphoma confined to the body cavities without any prominent tumor mass, and its pathogenesis is related to HHV-8 infection. PEL develops mostly in immunocompromised patients, such as those with AIDS. However, it may also occur in elderly patients as well. We should therefore also consider the possibility of PEL in elderly patients presenting with pleural effusion of unknown origin.
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  • Frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease diagnosed after the development of type II respiratory failure
    Hajime Satomura, Yoshio Kobayashi, Koichi Kozaki, Mikiko Hattanmaru, M ...
    2009 Volume 46 Issue 6 Pages 557-561
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: February 08, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3143/geriatrics.46.557
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A 79-year-old woman attended the Center for Comprehensive Care of Memory Disorders at the Kyorin University Hospital in 2006 due to forgetfulness. Her initial diagnosis was vascular dementia. In 2007, her cognition declined gradually. Then, impaired verbal fluency and stuttering, the symptoms of non-fluent aphasia, were presented. Thereafter, 5 mg/day donepezil hydrochloride was prescribed. She later suffered type II respiratory failure. Needle electromyography revealed denervation of lower motor neurons. This led to the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease. Interestingly, before developing type II respiratory failure, cognitive decline and non-fluent aphasia occurred in this case.
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Letters to the Editors
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