A simplified method for measuring the current thermal transmittance is suggested in this paper. First, temporal changes of the sectional temperatures of the building envelope were simulated by the Finite Difference Method. By using these results, the method for measuring the thermal transmittance in a state that closes to steady state was found. The accuracy was examined by comparing with the true values. Finally, the proposed method was used to measure the thermal transmittance of exterior wall of an existing house to confirm the usefulness of this method.

District heating and cooling is one of the important ways to promote efficient energy use. In the district heating and cooling area, cooperative operation between the supply side and the demand side and advanced control are indispensable to further improve the energy use efficiency.In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of DHC operators nationwide to investigate the actual status of equipment systems and controls, and the status of energy-saving efforts. This study describes the results.

With the relocation of the research institute, the performance of the new building was evaluated objectively and subjectively using CASBEE-Wellness Office and CASBEE-Office Health Checklist, and then the relationship between changes in the working environment and the intellectual productivity of employees as well as their work engagements (WE) were analyzed. It was confirmed that both the intellectual productivity and WE improved significantly before and after the relocation due to the improvement of the work environment. In addition, the correlations between these evaluation tools related to work environment were found.

The authors analyzed the impact of the behavior change to prevent COVID-19 expansion in 2020, targeting all-electric apartments in Tokyo. Compared to 2019, the electricity consumption except for hot water use in April and May increased by about 30% and the water consumption increased by about 10%. Especially on weekday daytime consumption, electricity and water increased by about 50%. If there will be a requirement to take infection prevention measures in the cooling and heating periods, it is expected that the energy consumption will increase significantly more than before.

The family structure in Japan has been drastically changed in accordance with the change of its society structure after World War II. Room layout shall be affected by the change and it shows specifically the demands and the transition of the family structure in each period. In this study, we reviewed 228 Japanese houses from major architecture magazine published after 2000 to clarify the trends of L.D.K. space compositions based on the demands of recent family gathering and communication.

This study explored the Swedish disability policy, and the architectural situations of group homes for people with severe disabilities in Gothenburg, Sweden. A literature study, analysis of the plans, and the interviews were conducted. The literature study suggested that “Independent life” was the aim of the policy and the housing standard with the necessary functions for a living was one embodiment of the aim. The interview survey indicated that there were differences in the independence of space use across group homes and that the staff valued individualized supports, home-like environments, and apartments with living functions.

Many prefectural art museums are designed by famous architects to represent the prefectures. In addition, these museums use traditional building materials and advanced technologies. They also serve as landmarks and tourism resources. However, these museums have a high construction, repair, and maintenance cost. In this case study, we analyze the repair and maintenance cost of two prefectural art museums since their opening to recent years. Furthermore, we summarize the details of regular and long-term maintenance and repairs, the state of income and expenditure including costs, and the operational ideas behind them.

This study aimed to grasp at the actual usage of the community centers through comparison between 2008 and 2018 in Musashino city.We analyzed by the following three aspects.
1. We collected material data and conducted interviews to make clear the activity situation and policy of the centers.
2. We made a questionnaire survey of the visitors at the centers throughout the day.
3. We conducted observation survey, and analyzed the actual usage at the free space and lobby.

There are few indicators of architectural planning for aquarium exhibition and viewing spaces, and there is little research data on the scale of the rooms, especially those focusing on rearing operations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between keeper spaces and exhibition tanks in aquariums and, based on this, to gain a basic knowledge of the architectural planning of aquariums as follows.

This study aims to identify useful indicators for planning hospital wards from surveys of the correlation strength between the distance of patient rooms and the staff station and the patient nursing necessities in an all private-room hospital. The survey was carried out in 4 wards for 1 year.
The correlation strength between patient location to staff station and the index of nursing needs was the greatest when compared to medical needs and post-operative care needs. It was found that nurses put patients who have heavy care needs especially in the orthopedics ward and the gastroenterology ward nearer their stations.

In the previous report, the nursing activities of surgical departments in hospital “N” were analyzed in an observational survey. The results showed some inefficiencies caused by various storage locations and mixed load works of professional and non-professional tasks for nurses. Accordingly, this paper reports on the current situation of surgical departments deploying two additional nursing assistants. The second observational survey of 19 nurses showed both job times and travel distances were reduced. The average distance traveled per nurse decreased by 31%. The preparation time for surgical tools for operating rooms and material management also shortened.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the status of Meeting place and usage in Omuta City’s municipal housing.
The results of the survey showed that although the occupancy rate of meeting places in municipal housing is low, Salon activities are held at there. It was found that when a salon activity is run by residents, it is only possible with the support of the manager of the municipal housing. And it was also found that in municipal housing with an attached welfare facility, it became a place of contact between the residents and the welfare facility staff.

In this study, the relation between ward plan type and patient’s QOL environment evaluation in the advanced acute phase ward was clarified. The ward environment was evaluated by the questionnaire survey for the nurse. RESULT: In the advanced acute phase ward, the sound environment is the most concerned element, and the evaluation tends to be low in one direction and one row type. There were differences in the evaluation by the average seriousness, and it was indicated that the features of the advanced acute phase ward of the open floor might affect the evaluation especially in the night.

This report is to clarify the problem of the vehicle access route to the elementary school site at the time of the earthquake disaster for Kurayoshi city public elementary school in Tottori central earthquake. The case of minor earthquake disasters, there are many cases where vehicles are used for child’s picking up and transportation. Therefore, it is inferred that the shape of the site, the form of access to the site, and the approach width affect the approach route of the vehicle.

We developed the measuring system of personal network weighted by conversation time using sound pressure level and location information. This paper presents the result of accuracy verification in the real office. In the meeting space, conversations were often made and using location information was sufficient to estimate conversation time. On the other hand, in the non-territorial office space, conversations were not always made and using voice detection by sound pressure level was critical for accuracy.

The aim of this study is clarifying the relation between the way of interior wooden finishing in the entrance hall and the users’ impression evaluation to the space. The impression evaluation experiment was conducted using 13 images with different wooden finishing pattern. The ratio of the wood finishes in the images, the parts with wooden finishing, the design of the wall, and the color of the wood were focused. Three indicators, likeness, mental and visual factors were used as impression evaluation. At the end, the proposals on remodeling design with wooden finishing for making user impression positive were made.

This thesis investigates the mental stress of unevenness caused by pillars, doors and intersections in the passage, by the experiment using electrodermal activity measuring and virtual reality technology. First result is that there is no difference in magnitude of the mental stress depending on sizes of the unevenness. Second result is that the reaction appears faster by yellowing the unevenness. Third result is that the mental stress was felt when the continuity where something appeared at regular intervals was interrupted, rather than when something appeared at regular intervals.

The focus is on a bottom-up approach to inherit the local cultural background. While the contemporary society is in a structural transition from flow to stock, the utilization of stock is still insufficient, and in particular, attempts to inherit architecture for the next generation are not well discussed in the historical and cultural context. This paper describes the design process of the addition and renovation of “Kankyu-tei” (original design: Tsutomu Ikuta).

This study focuses on school age child care centers that have been forced to relocate, and clarifies their relevance to government agencies, local residents, and university, and trends in space development. The purpose of this study is to show the importance and issues of the role played by university, which will become apparent during the relocation process, and to provide insights for improving the environment surrounding those in the future.

In Japan, where there are many natural disasters, local governments open shelters for disaster victims. However, it cannot be said that the public facilities designated by many local governments are sufficient. Many local governments lack evacuation shelters in the event of a wide-area disaster expected in the future, and it is considered that there are many temples close to the residents. In this study, the potential of temples where it is desirable to supplement evacuation shelters was verified from the management system of local governments and the preparation for disasters.

Harayama area is an area where several newly developed villa areas in the 1970s are gathered, and currently exists as a residential area. The transformation process was as follows. 1. Designation of the area and development of the infrastructure were carried out by the public, and the position as the development site became clear. 2. Public villas and settlement (pension village) were developed and some private companies developed villas town. 3. Individuals started living in undeveloped areas, and the village and the self-governing organization began to coordinate life support services.

The study is aimed to propose a new design method in order to develop architectural design as common resource for multiple stakeholders. We will focus on “MOKU-CHIN RECIPE” which is a design tool that opens up renovation ideas for old wooden Japanese apartment known as Mokuchin. Here we report 1) the outline and its background of MOKU-CHIN RECIPE, 2) the framework and development process of each renovation ideas and its results and finally, we modelized the development process of MOKU-CHIN RECIPE in order to make it applicable to other practice domain.

In this study, we developed a disaster prevention information sharing map between the residents and their families living apart from home mountainous village. Firstly, we conducted a household survey for the residents to obtain the relationship between the families inside and outside in small village, Aichi. Secondly, we held some workshops and developed the map in collaboration with the residents. We analyzed that the map was shared with the family who frequently visits their home mountainous village. As a result, we suggested that the daily relationship of the families inside and outside would contribute to disaster prevention.

We surveyed local farms in the Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture, regarding the present state and future prospects of grape production. The following findings: The wineries have been managing farmlands and increasing their affiliated farms to the extent that product quality can be maintained at high levels. The generosity on the part of the farmers in lending farmlands has made it easy for the wineries to secure the necessary land. For the wineries, the primary purposes of owning affiliated farms are to secure the absolute quantity of basic ingredients and to produce grape varieties that are not handled by the farmers.

This paper discusses the system for exemption from parking lot obligation in central Tokyo. The results are given follows;
1) A master plan of parking lot in the application area is not associated with this system operation of the area rule.
2) There is the necessity to revise the rule of FAR associated with City Planning Act, Building Standards Act and Parking Lot Act to be able to exempt from parking lot obligation of existing buildings.

This study analyzed the actual condition of the support projects for vacant house utilization in Tokyo’s 23 wards. As a result of interview researches in five wards set up this support projects, the subsidies per year are low, so this support was shown to be determinative. The activities of this subsidized organizations differed between wards. In addition, this subsidies were only for supplementing facility maintenance such as interior renovation, and subsidies were applied to vacant rooms instead of vacant houses.

In this study, we examined the feasibility of the population guidance by the convenience facility guidance by examining how the population accumulation changes in response to the level of life convenience. As a result, the relationship between population density and living convenience is low, population accumulation is not maintained in highly convenient areas, population density in area where have already urbanized decreases, and population density in suburban area increases. These results are different from the premise of the location optimization plan, and the possibility of guiding the population by the convenience of living is low.

In this paper, it was shown the role, design process and effects through the design and production of “Machinaka-Tent” for the purpose of developing street furniture that contributes to landscape formation of street space.Also, it was reported the concept and design details of the model. In addition, as a result of verifying the effect using “Machinaka-Tent” at transit mall, it was clarified that effects of improving the visibility of the store, impression of the streetscape and creating accessibility and variety of communication.

To help businesses operators support how to form an effective community between residents, a practical case study of Hinosato Farm where a community of residents has been formed centering on a plastic greenhouse was taken as an example. This paper analyzes business logs for a year in terms of the number of hours per type of work for members and a farm manager. As a result, it was found that agricultural works and exchanges were carried out according to the purpose of each member, and that the manager puts emphasis not only on cultivation guidance but also on community maintenance.

This study used multiple regression analysis to examine critical factors of urban characteristics affecting CO₂ emissions from automobiles. Its results suggest effective compaction of urban structures to reduce CO₂ emissions. Findings indicate that (1) the relation between urban characteristics and CO₂ emissions is stronger for larger populations. Moreover, (2) CO₂ emission reductive effects were identified by increasing populations around stations in cities in three major metropolitan areas and around schools in cities outside of three major metropolitan areas.

Prefecture level and city–town level population exposure to heavy rain disaster risk was analyzed, specifically examining flooding and landslides. Populations of many prefectures are expected to be exposed to heavy rain disasters. Ratios of populations exposed to heavy rain disasters are also increasing. Particularly, it is noteworthy that flood risks are expected to increase. Consequently, land use planning should incorporate flood risk consideration. Results show decreasing trends of landslide disaster risks. Findings suggest that the disaster risk characteristics differ among cities and towns.

The field of urban landscape design includes cases such as the preservation of existing streetscapes and the creation of new landscapes. However, most of the subjects were hardware-centric, and the urban landscape including human activities was not treated. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of human activities on impression evaluation for urban landscapes through experiments. The results revealed that social activities created by interactions with people have a greater influence on liveliness and attractiveness than do single activities; thus, it is important to create spaces where people can interact with each other.

In recent years, river space is attracting attention as a lively place in outdoor public space. The objective of this study is to clarify the actual state of citizen participation and citizen activities at the planning stage of river and city development project. We conducted a questionnaire survey targeting all municipalities registered in river and city development project. As a result of investigation, we revealed following point; 1) Citizen participation from the planning stage and its continuation lead to activities with diversity, 2) There are differences in civic participation and civic activities depending on the size of the city.

The purpose of this paper is to report the result of Reorganizing public facilities game and we consider the significance of the game. The conclusions are ;1) It is valid to make the participants understand how urgent matter and the difficulty and imagine improvement of the way to use the public facilities and the concrete scenes where people interact. 2) The result can be posted on the local government’s plan to reorganize public facilities by localization of the game’s tools. 3) A trend forward to considering this problem independently can grow with the game between the government and the people.

The report conducts a mid-term overall evaluation of public facilities restructuring implemented by Iga City, Mie Prefecture, which experienced municipal consolidation and the number and the amount of public facilities should be reduced following the continuing trend of depopulation in the long run. The report describes the city achieved reduction of 74958 square meters in five years, which corresponds 15% of the whole public facilities. The number is also reduced from 373 to 299. But the degrees of restructuring are varied both in terms of kinds of use and locations.

The “Handbook on Evaluation of Urban Structure” suggests that city issues can be identified by comparing the urban structure evaluation indexes of cities with similar population sizes. However, our earlier research indicates another criterion to extract finer tasks: population distribution. Therefore, after categorizing cities of equal population size using population distribution indexes, we evaluated their urban structures. Results show that the differences of population distribution affect urban structure evaluation indexes even for cities of equal population size.

In the process of recovery from the Great East Japan Earthquake, the importance of support from inland areas, where there was little damage, has been reaffirmed. This paper organizes the measures supported by the Morioka City in a chronological order to clarify the changes in the content of the measures and their challenges. Morioka opened a reconstruction support center and outsourced its operation so that the city could focus on the work as a local government. The dispatch of specialists is important in the field of reconstruction, and it is necessary to have a system of multiple dispatch.

Recent flood damages in urban areas have increased the need for urban planning and building measures to respond to inundation risks. In this article, in order to obtain suggestions for building and land use management based on inundation risks, floodproofing plans are examined for a two-story wooden detached house located in an urban area. Then, the additional building cost compared with the benchmark standard plan, and the amount of damage reduction due to floodproofing are estimated. Finally, the applicability of such floodproofing measures are examined by analyzing the cost-effectiveness of plans under various conditions of inundation probability.

This paper aims to find issues on promoting seismic resistance of condominium based on the cases of condominiums in Tokyo Metropolitan and Yokohama City. According to the analysis, the following systems would be required to promote seismic resistance work: guidance and consultation for homeowners association(HOA) to be provided by the government in the initial period, system for matching the expert with HOA to support seismic diagnosis to the exit of seismic resistance work, loan system for seismic resistance work, legal guarantee of succession to purchaser after deciding seismic resistance works, and HOA guarantees on personal property rights and so on.

This is a study on an architectural historian, Sekino Tadashi’s opinions to a prefectural ordinance “removal of Gangi” and it is following two aspects.###1. Removal of Gangi was difficult because Takada was heavy snowy district and therefore Sekino Tadashi proposed unification of the form of Gangi, installation of fire protection facilities and city arrangement.###2. However, Sekino Tadashi’s proposal about form of Gangi wasn’t sufficiently carried out.

We study about the reconstruction age and the relationship between the shrine of “IPPEITSUKAINARI-Shrine” in Tanuma-machi Sano-City Tochigi and the carpenter “Masatoshi Mimura”. This thesis is based on historical materials related to reconstruction of the shrine of “IPPEITSUKAINARI-Shrine”.

This paper aims to clarify the details on dependent housing and rest center under the allied occupation after the end of WWⅡ in Okayama.Okayama Prefecture had been requested buildings and housing following necessity for The Occupying Forces of the Allies, different from their intent. Despite the lack of housing due to the war, new dependent housing had no constructed in Okayama. Many existing buildings were requisitioned and there was a lot of friction among the owners of buildings and The Occupying Forces of the Allies.

This paper aims to clarify the dependent housing of Camp Eta Jima during the BCOF occupation. BCOF as a member of The Allied Powers was sent to Japan early in 1946. BCOF had occupied Hiroshima Pref. and stationed Camp Eta Jima former Naval Academy of Japanese Imperial Navy. 112 houses of dependent housing in Camp Eta Jima were constructed and planned by standard plans of GHQ/SCAP conducted by mainly United State. The construction was managed by Australian military officers and Japanese engineers and workers.

Notes handwritten by Furuichi Koi in French are currently kept in “Furuichi Koi Collection”, the University of Tokyo (M04, M05, M07). M04 and M05 were translated into Japanese by Iguchi Shohei. M07 entitled Notes sur les travaux publics en Europe is mentioned in the articles above, but Japanese translation and commentary are set as future tasks. According to him, it is a memorandum when Furuichi visited Provence, Rome and Po River in 1888–1889. The purpose of this report is the typing and Japanese translation of the full text of Chapter 1 on Durance River excluding “Notes diverses”.

This study revealed how lay members of Catholic Madarajima Church maintained and conserved the church building and other facilities. Since 2002, the laity restored church building and refurbished parish cemetery. These projects were materialized because of the followings: the laity established a democratic system to manage the parish and procure funds for property maintenance; parish council members played the role of project manager throughout planning and execution; carpenters, who were also the lay members of the parish, played the role of technical supervisor and contracted construction works with minimum fee; other laity volunteered in transporting building materials and construction works.

In 1992, Kisho Kurokawa, the architect, proposed the basic design of Hiroshima Museum, but it didn’t come true for various reasons. Therefore, it has hardly been concerned by the construction industry. In this paper, the scheme of Hiroshima Museum designed by Kurokawa is sorted out and analyzed to provide new information for the study of Kisho Kurokawa.

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the extension & reconstruction process and the framework of black market, by photographic analysis of “Wada-gumi Market” and measurement survey of “Omoide-Yokocho” at Shinjuku.###By this study, we show these points as follows; 1) Both buildings were remodeled under the definite features in a few years after the construction. 2) “Omoide- Yokocho” has three standards of the width of shops, and its buildings were regulated by the topography. 3) “Omoide-Yokocho” has three characteristics of the extension & reconstruction process such as remodeling towards back, remodeling towards upward, remodeling of stairs.

This paper aims to clarify what kind of modern architectural records have been included as cultural properties in Japanese policy on the protection of cultural properties after Meiji Era. Modern architectural records have been gradually included along with the designation of modern structures. Today, they are included as Designated Tangible Cultural Property and Registered Tangible Cultural Properties as Historic Resources, and Tsuketari of designated Structure. This paper also investigates the beginning of Tsuketari designation and its range.

The purpose of this paper is to make available a design review method with AHP application for smart device. In this paper, we developed an application “LIVE AHP” to visualize and share user’s evaluation. First, we have shown an overview of the application, distribution status, and numerical processing. Secondary, we found the visualizations of the unique jury’s evaluations and described the process that they help group decisions in design review. Finally, the results of this implementation show that a design review method using “LIVE AHP” is practical.

In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey for the elderly living in Setagaya. Analysis of evacuation consciousness and information gathering revealed that the elderly were more likely to check “TV” and “emergency breaking e-mail”. “Emergency breaking e-mails” were confirmed more significantly by women, and it was more confirmed considerably in people in the people in the 60s age group. “Radio” was more confirmed in detached houses. The information that elderly need was centered on the words “evacuation” and “necessary”. It was found that even elderly who did not confirm evacuation sites and routes in advance required information on routes and sites.