We have conducted the floor impact tests in order to reduce floor impact sound pressure levels by attaching damping materials to concrete floor slabs. Using psychoacoustical analysis to evaluate the floor impact sounds, we got the results indicated that psychoacoustics quantities could be used for evaluating the effect of damping materials on the floor impact sounds and generally could be used as indexes for improving floor impact sound insulating performance of buildings and houses.

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We have examined applicability of the wind tunnel to the development of countermeasures of wind noise. This paper reports a case of the wind noise generated by a mullion of curtain wall and describes the influence of some parameters on reproduction of wind noise in the wind tunnel. The results are as follows. 1) Wind noise is closely related with the pot-shape of the cavity on the mullion, but not with the material. 2) The wind noise is sensitive to the shape of the projection with the cavity.

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Today light pollution awareness, i.e. excessive light that has bad influence on an ecosystem and a human life, has appeared in the city. It can be expected that high luminance level illuminated sign board is light pollution on residential street. The purpose of this study is searching about psychological influence of illuminated sign board on pedestrians. Through this study, illuminated sign board seems to contribute the safety of streets but lose the sense of harmony of streets. And it seems that not only the safety but also the sense of harmony has influence on the evaluation of nighttime residential street. We expect this study to be one of essential findings when the guideline concerning illuminated sign board is made.

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Diatomite is a famous material for efficient moisture absorbent. We can control humidity level in room air by using it. In this study, the performance of ventilation devices for moisture-absorbent dehumidification and heat exchange was developed and tested by using the diatomite saturated with CaCl_2.

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The running costs of electric power for the latent heat storage floor heating system is lower than a conventional floor hating system. The developed latent heat storage floor heating system is built into a panel for free access floor. The characteristics of this system are described in this paper. In this study, the reliability of SET* in the case with a floor heater is shown by the experiment using questionnaires at first. Then, the control of air conditioning system together with the latent heat storage floor heating system by SET* is experimented. The results obtained describe the control by SET* is useful.

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The purpose of this study is to comprehend chemical pollution of indoor air in a room of house and to confirm the effects of technology for reducing chemical pollution such as indoor materials. Many cases in delivering house to customer are conbination of involving storage space in a room. We took notice of few study on chemical pollution in storage space, and carried out an exeperiment in this point of view with the laboratory for reducing sick house syndrome in taisei technology center. This paper describes the influence of storage space on indoor chemical concentration in volatile organic compounds.

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The purpose of this research is to know the present status of the indoor air chemical pollution by formaldehyde in government buildings in 2001. Measurements of formaldehyde concentration and questionnaire survey on the usage of office rooms were carried out in around 300 buildings, and the following results were obtained. 1) The affects by the factors on the usage of the rooms and buildings are bigger than those on the size of rooms and buildings. 2) The relation between the built era of the buildings and number of stories was confirmed to some degree.

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This paper presents valuation items for drainage performance of horizontal branch pipes. Experiments were conducted using drainage headers which are normally adopted in KSI housing in order to investigate the effect of low slope on drainage performance. A survey was followed up using the KSI houses as objects. Some comparisons on drainage performance were made between low slope and normal slope, and between the newly built houses and one year after the houses used. The practicality of low slope horizontal branch pipes is discussed.

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Authors have studied on Revised Architecture-Urban-Soil Simultaneous Simulation Model, Revised-AUSSSM, for last couple years, which is a comprehensive frame to estimate the Urban Heat Island (UHI). In the field of urban climatology related to building scale, a demand for a practical frame to estimate UHI has become significantly among urban planing practitioners, architects, engineers and so forth. AUSSSM Tool was developed amid this kind of background. AUSSSM Tool has three child programs, Simulator, PostGraph and Viewer. Simulator works as a preprocessor for data input and a solver based on the Revised-AUSSSM. PostGraph provides wide variety of schematic expressions for results. Those two work altogether in order to run the simulation solver. Whereas, Viewer goes stand-alone, which provides stages to see a set of results coming form a compact database to confirm various factorial effects on UHI. The results are solved previously based on the Design of Experiment Theory. AUSSSM Tool was developed within a concept of entire GUI. AUSSSM Tool is opened on our web site, then anyone can downlaod not only an excutable package but also every source code for the Revise-AUSSSM written by Fortran and the interface part by Visual Basic.

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We carried out questionnaires to make clear actual situations how the office workers took for a change (to refresh themselves). 95.4% of office workers regarded a refreshment as a requirement, and 83.7% had actually refreshed themselves in the office. Especially people thought that refreshing gave a clue to the solution. Many workers took a break for a refreshment at their desks or in washrooms, with drinking, chattering and looking out of the windows for 10 minutes or less. They thought that a window was important in the room for a refreshment. A lot of valuable information to design rooms for a refreshment was obtained.

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When evaluating the curtailment effect of energy on energy saving executions, and the curtailment effect of CO_2 emissions by life cycle assessment, there are all power supply bases and a thermal-power-generation base as an original unit of electric power. This report clarified the difference of life cycle assessment on each base by model building.

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In this study, to examine local environmental alteration or environmental elements as a whole, color composition of a city block which composes a landscape was being focused based on the field study. How not only the physical elements but also mental state or the action condition affect landscape formation and being recognized as a landscape was counted, and recognition of landscape composition by an individual or a group as the subject of the view was analyzed. The relationship between the city block's color composition and recognition or action characteristics is examined and visualized as a color 3D model of urban townscape of the research's object area.

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This report presents the outline of a building design support system that evaluates the outdoor thermal environment. Using this system, designers can easily evaluate the thermal comfort of pedestrians in the vicinity of the buildings of concern, considering various meteolorogical factors, such as wind speed and relative humidity. One feature of this system is that it has a database of airflow around buildings in which the results of CFD analysis for various conditions are stored. Therefore, the designers can save time to be used for evaluating the thermal comfort of pedestrians because they don't need the results of wind tunnel experiment or CFD analysis.

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Past reports about TV screen color error describes relation of magnetic field strength and degree of error. In this paper, we investigate relation a direction of magnetic field vector and TV screen color error. And, we did demagnetizing which removed the magnetism from walls and floor, then measured magnetic field vector distribution after demagnetizing. As a result of comparing vector distributions before and after demagnetizing, it is understood that a vertical component (z-axis-component) of a magnetic field is a cause of error.

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The pair type residence for investigation is a residence planned and built for the purpose of the habitation of next doors of parents and children. However, the gap was looked between planned intention and the residential consciousness of the tenant, and it became clear that dividing house doesn't work very well. It is hard to accept socially that make a parent household live in a narrow old-man room and a child household uses large space. It is reflected deeply that the feature of the South Korean society which is not seen in a foreign country the housing occupancy custom of "JEONSE" is applied also in this object residence on this investigation

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The decrease of the living consciousness causes a nuclear family and a correction direct system family. 3 family need spatial effective use to live in the architecture condition to have been limited. It accepts the act of sharing in the 1 family area aggressively and it changes sharing and privacy to it by a state. The spatial expansion and the fitment wall are the inside of the 1 family area and the intersection beam space controls privacy.

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Although it is most important to decide the territory distribution in a houseing plan, there are few statistical data about this point. Therefore, we have researched the territory distribution in the detached house based on the 516 cases inserted in the architectural magazines for the past 11 years. As a result, it was found that, with decreasing the total territory in the detached house, the distribution of the living/dining/kitchen, the parent and the child rooms were increased. In contrast, the distribution of the storage and the circulation spaces were decreased. In average, the living/dining/kitchen, parent/child, storage, and circulation spaces accounted for 20〜30%, 20%, a little below 10%, and a little over 15%, respectively, compared to the total territory in the detached house.

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More and more attention has been paid to group living as a means of dealing with the problem of elderly people living in public housing. For future construction of group living for elderly, it is necessary to discuss effective ways of supporting the housing in the planning stage. This research discusses how to support public group living in the planning stage. Osaka Prefectural Kadomamidou Freai Housing has been chosen as the subject of the research. The effect of support employed at the collective housing has been analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that offering relevant information to the residents before they move in the housing and giving financial support for the use of commonly shared space have influence on the residents' community life. This research argues how important it is to incorporate these two kinds of support into the planning stage of constructing group living.

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We are continuing to study on the northern life style and housing design in Northeast China. We researched the living way and house plan of 25 farm houses in Haerbin city in 2001 (Dalian in 2000). Some characteristics of this paper are as folows. 1) People have an original living style and house design with Kang in Haerbin. 2) They use pechka or radiater together with Kang as heating system. 3) The house design is very characteristic in northern region but is different from it of Dalian. 4) We can find the northern traditional character in their life style but its life style gradually changes to modern style.

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Multi-unit housing planning can be described as an attempt to give spatial significance to the planned high-volume housing supply system known as the "residential complex." The layouts and floor plans of postwar Japan's multi-unit housing have been distorted by an excessive concern for sunshine conditions. In their plan for the Kamikusawa Apartment House complex, the authors have proposed a concentric composition created by the arrangement of buildings in an enclosure pattern and the adoption of the living room access floor plan. This design offers a natural zoning from public to private and emphasizes the centrality of the plazas, providing residents with an enhanced sense of naturalness and coherence in their spatial environment. The authors refer to the resulting social space as the "spatial community."

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To acquire flexibility of house planning, we investigated about house plan composition from resident's consciousness for sunlight and orientation. And consequently the following three things come clear. 1. Plan of living room facing the south isn't suited to all people's life 2. Plan of living room facing the north is possible, if environment around plan of detached house is arranged with consideration to indoor. 3. It is necessary that project of residential area have the new planning theory

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This research aims to investigate and verify the status and issue with respect to the maintenance, operation, and cost-effectiveness of the existing large public gymnastic facilities. The survey covered Tokyo Metropolitan area that has been in service for more than 10 years. The conclusions from the survey are as follows; It is necessary not only to review the future plan for improving facility operation and user services, but also to create methods for utilizing and operation large facilities that have a high cost-effectiveness

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The authors have proposed and developed the 「mall model」 as a planning method for elementary and middle schools. Devising the location of school buildings to produce mall space, which should be the central space of the school itself, and should also be main approach to the school, the mall model is a planning method which open up a school to their local communities. And this planning method adapt school buildings to combining another facilities, such as lifelong education centers or institutions for old persons.

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This is a report on a plan for a new comprehensive-curriculm high school being constructed to combine three existing high school facilities. The authors proposed a new "house" system as a means of providing students with an enriched school lifestyle. This article describes how students are grouped in the house system and how the system operates, as well as the spatial composition characteristics of this system.

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The aim of this study is to make clear the effect of the open arena through a quantity of the induced view behavior. The results of research are as follows. Half of users perform the induced view behavior in the open arena. A lot of the induced view behavior occur around the room near entrance of the facility. A lot of the induced view behavior occur when users take a break or leave from the facility. The long time view occur while users take a break.

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The authors believe that the service hall plan, which they proposed in 1979, is a hospital planning model that offers many advantages for patients and staff alike. This model makes possible a variety of improvements, such as smooth objective-oriented elevator operation, preservation of inpatient dignity and privacy, prevention of infection, improved task efficiency, and an improved overall atmosphere. The authors' claims for this model are substantiated by three hospitals that they have built through the application of the service hall plan.

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The design techniques of Shiraito Machinamai Koryukan has been descrived, the building was built from old farmhouse as an office to manage Jonai-Suwakoji preservation district for groups of historic buildings in Kanegasaki town. We have devised and proposed some techniques, 'Space in space', 'New Ishibadate bases', and so on, based on the peculiarities of the old wooden frame.

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This study analyzes how California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) contributes to make architecture environmental oriented at University of California (UC.), Riverside. Consideration for the site context, which includes ambiguous aspects such as historical resources, cultural resources and visual quality, is regarded as the important part for the environmental reviews at UC. Riverside. The effect is raised by carrying out environmental reviews based on the statement of principles clarified by the Long Range Development Plan and the disclosure process. The view of such environmental reviews differs greatly from environmental assessment system of Japan.

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The traditional forms of Japanese houses are wooden structures, one of which is Machiya houses in the Kyoto urban area, that had been peculiarly developed in the sites with characteristic shape. However this style of house has been disappearing in modern times due to the vulnerability of wooden structures against such disasters as earthquake and fire. This new housing project proposes a disaster-preventive wooden house of a hybrid structural system, using modern and indigenous materials and equipment with visco-elastic dampers. Evidence also suggests that connection with neighboring traditional houses by visco-elastic dampers can be effective in preventing serious earthquake damage.

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Wood planks have economical advantages in comparison with timbers with large dimensions, since these are usually taken from low-quality or curved logs and consume relatively fewer energy for drying. It is also appreciated that these have no drying cracks unlike timbers with pith. This paper reports on the structural systems made of such economical planks. Even if planks have weak mechanical properties, composing them with nails or screws disperses their defects, enables divers dimensions and realizes different kinds of structural systems. Three proposed structural systems made of such stacked planks, panels, frameworks and curved surfaces, are presented with the examples of application.

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This paper reports on the recently developed glazing system with timber frames. By means of adhesion, sheet glasses are to be composed with the bordering timber frames. The composite behavior of these materials enables the diminution of frame dimensions and the improvement of security aptitude of glazing. This glazing system is considered applicable not only to glazing facades but also to load bearing elements like timber-glass composite beams. The latter part of the paper demonstrates the adaptation of the system to the facades of a real building project in Japan. This glazing system, originally conceived under European condition, was elaborated in order to satisfy Japanese local criteria.

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Handrails and grab bars are essential to support life of senior citizens and people with disabilities. However, very little technical information is available as to their retrofitting to existing dwellings, and trial and error is the normal practice. The authors conducted extensive experiments to apply force against handrails mounted on various wall structures and materials commonly found in Japanese dwellings. The acquired data are quantitatively shown. Further study will be necessary to identify how humans apply forces to handrails in order to judge the effectiveness of various retrofitting techniques in real settings.

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We proposed a prediction model of patient population using a grid of 1×1 km squares, for project planning at medical treatment facilities, and conducted a validation study. To forecast population, we use a cohort model using assumed values of each prefecture (birth rate, survival rate and mobility rate). To predict the number of patients per facility, a Huff model derived from population estimates for each 1×1 km grid square and treatment rates were utilized. The patient treatment rate was the rate for each examination category derived from published data (patient surveys), taking into account sickness and injury characteristics for each prefecture and for nine age profiles. This enabled highly accurate patient number forecasting ; patient population estimates closely matched actual figures.

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The main purpose of this research is to clarify the possibility of digital design course in which students will create there own computer program to work as a digital design tool. Evaluating from the work of the under graduate students, they understood fairly well the aim of this course. They have sensed the possibility in generating forms with scripts, made an outstanding work beyond what was required. This can be concluded that designing with creating their own digital tool is an effective and necessary process in design education. The possibilities of introducing programming in higher education has also been shown.

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We researched the house plan and living style of farm houses in Dalian, northeast China. We cleared some characteristics on the plan type and living conditions of houses. Main features of this papers are as follows : 1. We can find the typical northern life style that people use a Kang as original heating system and they have unique activities on the Kang. 2. People have the original principle with their house plan and the housing principle has a very simple system and sustainble meaning. 3. We can find the new trend of changing on the northern living style and housing principle due to the modernization. The change has both sides of plus and minus to their living. So we should study the new planning system and original design of houses for the northern regions as soon as possible.

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This study aims to clarify the characteristics and the conversion of the Industrial employment structure by the comparison among the urban regions of various population size. We chose Keihin, Sendai, Fukui and Tsuyama urban region as the study objects. The main conclusions are as follows, (1)All industries, except for manufacture industry, have been changing by the same tendency in center city and its surrounding areas within the urban region ; (2)The tendency of the manufacture industry's share within the urban region varies according to the population size of the urban region. In metropolitan area, the manufacture industrial employment of the surrounding area have been increasing, and the higher the dependence degree for the center city, the more the degree of its increase.

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In Japan, downtown revitalization programs are undergoing in number of local cities. But one of the big issue how to make relationships among design and other programs are addressed on the revitalization. In this article, the author researched case studies on Main Street Programs in 17 local cities in United States, and aimed at clearing the role of design programs in Main Street Programs. In generally, the design programs are achieved in the early period in their programs and it have many relationships to the other programs on their downtown revitalization.

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This study is aimed at suggesting of an environmental assessment tool for design plans of environmentally friendly multi-unit residential estates ; especially, assessment items, their weightings, and standards for assessment. Firstly, 57 items are extracted by referring to literature. Secondly, each of them was weighted through the first questionnaire. And finally, categories for assessment are proposed by investigating the related regulations and standards in Korea and completed after adjusting the opinion of the second questionnaire. With these results, an assessment tool for environmentally friendly multi-unit residential estates is proposed with 57 items which are composed with weightings and categories of assessment standards

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Recently, movements have become remakable to recover the lost environment due to the past lapid growth of industrialization. This is not only a case in the industrialized countries as such in Europe or U.S. but also in Japan. This paper aims to investigate and clarify the procedures of environmental treatment and process of rehabilitation of natural environment on environmentally damaged landscape. It became clear that rehabilitation has normally taken place with an occasional event due to the financial difficulties. It can cost extra fee in comparison to normal parks, which may be one of the core problems for under taking rehabilitation.

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The constructions of high-rise condominiums have been increasing for the last several years around green areas that have high environmental value in Sapporo City. This tendency is visible even around Maruyama area that is designated as a scenic district, and the issue has been covered by the media and become a subject of discussion at the city council. Taking a neighborhood around Hokkaido-Jingu scenic district as an example, this study clarifies possible countermeasures and institutional improvements against the recent deterioration of historical and cultural scenic attraction that has been conserved until today.

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The purpose of this paper is to grasp actual conditions of design review system by ordinance to control townscape in Japan. First, we grasped municipal governments which aims at design review based on ordinance to control townscape. And then we analyzed composition and practical use of the ordinance. As a result, the following things became clear. The districts which aims at design review based on ordinance to control townscape recognized 176 districts (64 cases). There were two methods to set up a design code. It could classify method of conference and consideration into 3 types. From now on, it is necessary to point out tasks of the ordinance and to propose more desirable way of design review system.

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Calvaries, replicas of Jerusalem's Christian sites, are remarkable examples of a relation between spiritual needs and landscapes designed to fulfil them. The historical examples demonstrate the successful creation of a human space within a natural landscape and are also models of harmonious environments that have survived the centuries almost unchanged. This article examines the many factors contributing to this phenomenon and identifies as fundamental the maintenance of function and meaning. It concludes that meaning is as necessary for the design as for the unchanged existence, and that, therefore, preservation of meaning is the central aspect of preservation.

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The lowertown redevelopment corporation was established in order to progress whole of redevelopment projects in lowertown district in downtown St. Paul. It has 3 functions such as design center, development bank, and marketing office, through the lowertown redevelopment process, marketing and financing are the functions for helping a project start. Design center is the functions for leading a project to get high qualities of urban space. LRC has realized excellent urban design by acting as a redevelopment management body from the planning phase to design review phase in each project.

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Although many studies have been done on the Hampstead Garden Suburb, not so many deal with how its good living environment has been preserved until today. This study clarifies that the scheme of management based on the leasehold reform act 1967 plays an important role for the preservation by enabling the trust to control strictly and flexibly its living environment and by offering a stable platform for the control. To preserve a good living environment, it is necessary to manage the developed residential area as a whole. The roles and importance of the scheme should be recognized more in Japan.

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In recent years, low-level housing land developments have been sprawling out of City Planning Areas in Hakodate City. In response to this sprawl, Hakodate City enlarged its City Planning Areas in 1997 and incorporated these enlarged areas into Urbanaization Control Areas. At the same time, the city decided to limit its planning permissions only in certain areas within the Urbanization Control Areas, in order to guide these areas to become improved urbanized areas with a certain quality level. This study clarifies the historical details and problems of housing land developments in these areas.

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This article analyzes NPOs' political accessibilities to executive brunch and assembly of Japanese municipal governments in housing and community development field. It finds that voluntary contact activities and bureaucratization increase NPOs' accessibility to both two political institutions. They are common basement in political access to them. Organizational evaluation increases it only to executive branch, and "Spill over" effect raises it only to local assembly. Efficiency for executive branch and representativeness for assembly are unique factor in each institution. Difference in constitutional principle (societal service delivery of executive brunch and local peoples' representation of assembly) may produce this accessibility structure.

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It is important to make residents' consensus in order to designate of historic district. Based on case study in the preservation district of Kawagoe in Saitama, We analyzed the process of final stages of consensus building. As a result, following points are revealed. (1) we divided the process of consensus building in Kawagoe into 3 steps, dialogue resuming step, confirmation of consensus step, formalities step. (2) It was necessary for building consensus to organize committee, representing local resident. (3) bad factor for living environment and townscape, like building condominium, promote the consensus building.

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The "Field Seminar" which has been performed in the Nishi-konakadai estate (Chiba city) with it's residents as community design education by Chiba University. For students, we prepared the collaboration program with residents, which consists of <survey>,<case visit>,<making> and <presentation>, to master the skill creating the visions of living spaces and systems in community. In conclusion, collaboration makes students realize following importance, A) Finding and succession community assets, B) Mind of inhabitant, C) Action of community development, D) transaction between life and space.

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A complete enumerative survey was made of the repair and improvement work costs of the 1,255 general sorting post offices throughout Japan in 2000. The results showed that the average annual repair and improvement work cost was 4,896 yen per square meter. The repair and improvement work cost reaches an accumulated total of around 50,000 yen per square meter 20 years after a building is completed. In order to predict the budget scale, which will be needed in the future, based on the generating characteristic of repair and improvement works, a simulation using the random number based on probability distributions was performed.

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This report is part of a series of studies (preceded by Parts 1 through 3) targeting the residents of a rental type community cooperative housing complex. The study goes beyond conventional concepts for facility planning involving the providing of needed functions, by clarifying the need for living space planning with a mutual permeation of consciousness with regard to people, activities and spaces, in order to form an all-encompassing creativity for group living and leisure time. The management and leisure activities of those who live in rental type community cooperative housing complexes produce a mutual permeation of consciousness in terms of both concrete achievements and attitudes. This study is pursued from the standpoint of ways to conduct process planning in order to provide a unique personality to the quality of space.

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