To determine adaptability of eight grass species, they were tested on two different seed beds and three levels of fertilization rate during three growing seasons from 1959 to 1961, at Tokachi National Animal Breeding Station. The experiment field consisted of volcanic sandy loam, the area being covered with typical long type natural grasses. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) There was no difference of forage yields between plow-disked and only disked seed beds, but percentage of grass content in forage obtained was always superior on the plow-disked seed bed: and also, the highly fertilized plots showed improved forage production and better botanical composition. 2) The following order of red clover>alsike clover>Ladino clover>meadow fescue>orchardgrass>timothy>bromegrass>perennial ryegrass was found on the simple disked see bed. 3) Response of eight grass species to fertilization was shown as follows: red clover>Landino crover>alsike clover>timothy>orchadgrass>perennial ryegrass >bromegrasss>meadow fescue. 4) The highly fertilized pasture always showed much higher palatability to beef cattle. 5) According to soil analysis made, P_2O_5, K_2O and CaO content decreased at the end of trial which was fertilized 24 kg of chemical compound fertilizer (8:11:8 for grasses, 4:12:10 for legumes) per 10 a per year under cutting system. It was shown that proper application of phosphorus as basic fertilizer and reasonable amount of topdressing were needed. 6) As forage production was improved by fertilization, therefore, highly of fertilized pastures could yielded much cheaper grass.

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To study the reasonable utilizaton, in the soiling system, of oats and Italian ryeggrass sown between late October and February, their yield curves were presumed from their yield behavior. Of both kinds, their yield decreased with the late sowing time and the yield of Italian ryegrass decreased more than that of oats. In the soiling system, the available cutting period was between late April and middle May. The intervals between cutting periods extended from 20 to 40 days in principle. For plotting yield curve, the method of least squares was applied. Now, y was the fresh yield per 3.3 m^2 and x the days lapse after the first cutting date. The results obtained were as follows: Oats: The sowing was mede in late October. Two times cutting ferquency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from March 10 to March 30 and the yield curve was y=0.73x+3.65 (0≦x≦4, 1x=5 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from May 2 to May 26 and the yield curve was y=-0.336x^2+2.234x+11.828 (0≦x≦4, 1x=6 days). One time cutting frequency: The cutting period was from April 19 to May 19 and the yield curve was y=-0.8x^2+4.14x+18.99 (0≦x≦3, 1x=10 days). The sowing was made in early November. Two times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from March 31 to April 15 and the yield curve was y=3.32x+4.92 (0≦x≦3, 1x=5 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from May 3 to June 11 and the yield curve was y=0.6x^2-3.72x+7.63 (0≦x≦3, 1x=13 days). One time cutting frequency: The cutting period was from April 30 to May 20 and the yield curve was y=1.25x+1.25x+16.62 (0≦x≦4, 1x=5 days). The sowing in late November The cutting period was from April 20 to May 20 and the yield curve was y=3.7x+10.75 (0≦x≦3, 1x=10 days). The sowing in February The cutting period was from May 20 to June 9 and the yield curve was y=1.7x+7.9 (0≦x≦2, 1x=10 days). Italian ryegrass: The sowing was made in late October. Three times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from March 25 to April 12 and the yield curve was y=2.34x+6.14 (0≦x≦3, 1x=6 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from May 18 to May 27 and the yield curve was y=-1.25x^2+2.55x+9.7 (0≦x≦3, 1x=3 days). In the third crop, the cutting period was from Jume 15 to June 21 and the yield curve was y=-0.45x+1.5 (0≦x≦3, 1x=2 days). Two times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from April 12 to May 18 and the yield curve was y=-1.05x^2+5.93x+12.73 (0≦x≦3, 1x=12 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from May 27 to June 14 and the yield curve was y=-1.1x+6.1 (0≦x≦3, 1x=6 days). The sowing was made in early November. Two times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from April 2 to April 22 and the yield curve was y=-0.421x^2+3.534x+5.4 (0≦x≦4, 1x=5 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from May 14 to June 7 and the yield curve was y=-0.85x+8.52 (0≦x≦4, 1x=6 days). One time cutting frequency: The cuctting period was from May 2 to May 22 and the yield curve was y=0.38x+17.32 (0≦x≦4, 1x=5 days). The sowing was made in late November. Two times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from April 25 to May 15 and the yield curve was y=2.05x+8.38 (0≦x≦2, 1x=10 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from June 4 to June 24 and the yield curve was y=-1.05x+4.75 (0≦x≦2, 1x=10 days). On time cutting frequency: The cutting period was from May 10 to May 30 and the yield curve was y=-0.293x^2+1.602x+11.154 (0≦x≦4, 1x=5 days). The sowing was made in February. Two times cutting frequency: In the first crop, the cutting period was from May 20 to June 9 and the yield curve was y=0.55x+6.05 (0≦x≦2, 1x=10 days). In the second crop, the cutting period was from June 15 to July 5 and the yield curve was y=-0.65x+2.32 (0≦x≦2, 1x=10 days).

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This trial was carried out to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilization (48 kg vs. 12 kg per 10 a), stage of maturity (boot, early head and milk stage) and growth phase (first vs. regrowth) on chemical composition and feeding value of sorgo forage clipped and fed in fresh form to rabbit. The results obtained were summerised as follows: (1) There was a highly significant increase in crude protein content and digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, NFE and crude fiber due to high level of nitrogen fertilization at boot and early head stage in the first growth forage. This high level of nitrogen also significantly increased crude protein content and digestibility of crude protein and fat in the regrowth forage. (2) A marked decline in digestibility of all thess constituents that occurred with increasing maturity was observed only under the high level of nitrogen application. (3) The DCP content at high level of nitrogen was significantly greater than that of low level of nitrogen at all stages with exception of milk stage in the first growth and at the boot stage in the regrowth. A significant increase in TDN content resulting from high level of nitrogen application was found at all stages except for milk stage in the first growth. (4) The DCP content of high and low level of nitrogen application declined gradually with abvancing maturity and its content declined rapidly in the aftermath forage. A simmilar uniform decline in TDN content was found only under the high level fertilization. (5) Both DCP and TDN yield per 10 a were greatest at milk stage, and the effect of the level of nitrogen fertilization on the nutrient yields could not be found. (6) The crude protein content was highly correlated possitively with DCP and TDN content, and the crude lignin content was negatively correlated with the crude protein digestibility.

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An experiment was carried out to obtain informations on the characteristics and adaptability of blue panicgrass at Kyushu Agricutural Experiment Station for 3-year period (1961-1963). Blue panicgrass, (Panicum antidotale RETZ.) is tall growing, perennial buuch grass and was firstly introduced from the United States into Japanin 1960. Results obtained shows that blue panicgrassis best adapted to hot summer and mild winter, but it could survive temperature as low as -7.4℃.The grass produces more forages than bahiagrass, and it appears to promise for southern part of Japan, particularly, southern Kyushu and Shikoku island as a soiling, hay or pasture crop during mid-summer.

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The objective of this study was to know the method of simple improvment on long type natural grassland which had been heavily over-grazed by livestocks for cleaning seed bed. The grassland had treatments of topdressings, of seed sowings and of combinations of both, and observations were made on forage yields, specific botanical transitions and productivities of digestible nutrients for successive four years at Tokachi National Livestock Breeding Station. Also three different typical plots taken from thus treated grassland were used for grazing experiments for three years. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) After heavy grazing of the grassland, tractor disking, seed sowing and applications of 120 to 240 kg of chemical compond fertilizer (6:11:11), it could be expected to bring 16.5 to 22.5 metric tons of forage production per Ha per year and 60 to 77% of grass content. 2) According to botanical transition of specific composition and forage yield, the grazed pasture was superior to the ungrazed pasture under cutting system. It was shown thus that urine and dung might be effective to forage production. 3) Seasonal grass productivities were tested by movable cage method on the typical three plots mentioned above. More improved pasture showed sharp grass production peak at early summer and much longer grazing period there migh the expected as well. 4) Three years' averages of grazing capacities on the typical three plots were in Table 1. On the untreated natural pasture, scanty 6 metric tons of green forage per Ha per year, 2.2 tons of dry matter, 101 cow days and 0.25 kg of daily body weight gain were expected Whereas the above treated pasture produced 2.81 times higher dry matter, 284 cow days and 0.52 kg of daily body weight gain. Total TDN taken from the latter was higher compared with the former. Thus an interesting relationship was shown between grazing capacity and botanical composition. Further, quantity of TDN consumed by beef cattle on the untreated pasture was 6.07 kg per cow day while that consumed on the treated pasture was 7.32 kg. 5) Comparative times spent during grazing of six beef cattle were recorded on the three typical plots in daytime of 4 AM through 6 PM. Itemized behaviours of the cattle were grazing, resting ruminating and idling. Animals were recording at half minutes intervals for two consecutive hours periods. On the untreated natural pasture, the cattle spent 82.3% of time for working (grazing and ruminating), but on the topdressed plot and seeded and topdressed plot, they spent 78.5 and 74.9% of time for working. They needed, therefore, longer time for working on poorer pasture.

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After mixed sowing of soiling corn and new sorgo, the effect of date of first cutting on growth and yield of the two crops was studied by taking 5 treatments of the cutting dates at 10 days intervals beginning from June 24. Comparing single sowing, mixed sowing produced higher yield, and total annual yield was affected by the difference of yields among first cuttings. But when the yields of the two crops were compared, that of corn increased and that of new sorgo decreased as the date of first cutting became later. This shows that as the cutting date becomes later, regrowth of new sorgo is negatively affected. As for the most suitable cutting period of mixed sown corn and new sorgo, the first cutting will be pre-heading stage (about July 5) for soiling (fed green) purpose and 10 days after heading stage (about late July) for ensiling purpose. By the former cutting date of July 5, similarly averaged yield will be obtained but by the latter date of late July, high yield only be obtaind by one special cut, other cutting remaining low.

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The purpose of the present investigation was not to search for high yielding grass-legume combinations, but to study competition and compatibility found among grass and legume growing in association. Smooth brome grass, timothy, Kentucky 31 fescue, orchardgrass, Ladino clover and red clover were row-planted in a field plot in all possible combinations of one grass with one legume and in pure stands. This work was carried out in a 3-year experiment under common treatments, namely in seed numbers, in fertilization and in cutting time, over all experimental plots. Summary follows: 1) In the first year when seeds were sown, competition between species were found in several mixtures. When one species dominates, another companionated species was suppressed or otherwise no interaction was found. Yields of mixtures were non-significant as compared to pure stands. 2) Yields of mixtures increased from 2nd year to 3 rd year. Beneficial effects to all grasses, when associated, were observed every cutting time, but some legumes showed suppressed growth in 1 st cutting of both 2 nd and 3 rd year. 3) Basing on total yields of cured hay in 3-year period, grass components in mixtures produced more cured hay. Otherwise, yields of leguminous components in mixtures showed no significant difference as compared to those of pure stands, except Ladino clover produced less yield only when combined with timothy. 4) The greatest yield due to association occured when mixtures included timothy. Differences of the yields among the mixtures including other grasses than timothy were not significant. 5) In the Ladino clover-grass mixtures, grasses produced significantly much more yield than grasses in red clover-grass mixtures. But difference of the total yields between these two groups of mixtures were not significance.

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