Japanese Journal of Grassland Science

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages Cover7-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover7

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages Toc3-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Toc3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages i-iii
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.i_3

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Effects of the Addition of Formic acid, a Bacterial Inoculant, and a Bacterial Inoculant and Enzyme Mixture on the Fermentation Quality and Flora of Lactic Acid Bacteria of Grass Silage

Peng Wang, Kousaku Souma, Nobue Ishii, Masanori Yamada, Sanae Okada, T ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 205-210
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.205

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The effects of additives with formic acid, a bacterial inoculant, and a bacterial inoculant and enzyme mixture at ensiling on the fermentation quality and flora of lactic acid bacteria of timothy and orchardgrass silage were investigated. In all silage, the fermentation quality was improved with all additive treatments. Counts of lactic acid bacteria were 10^8 cfu/g DM and over. Counts of yeast and mould were 10^5 cfu/g DM and 10^3 cfu/g DM on formic acid treatment, respectively. With regard to the species of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum comprised 77.4% and over in control and formic acid treatments. In bacterial inoculant, and bacterial inoculant and enzyme mixture treatments, Lactobacillus rhamnosus comprised 83.9% and over. Both species of lactic acid bacteria were dominant. Of these two lactic acid bacteria, regarding homofermentation, the first produced DL lactic acid and the second produced L (+) lactic acid. From the above results, the fermentation quality of silage was improved by each addition. However, the species of dominant lactic acid bacteria differed.

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Selection of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Varieties that Promote the Growth of Overseeded Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) in Italian ryegrass-Guineagrass Year-round Pasture Grazing

Kiyoshi Hirano, Yuji Nakanishi, Atsushi Shoji, Yoshito Yamamoto

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 211-216
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.211

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To promote growth of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) over-seeded into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) for effective vegetation change in Lolium-Panicum year-round pasture grazing, 3 varieties of Italian ryegrass were evaluated. The dry-matter production and stem density of guineagrass seeded by a renovator were higher when the varieties, 'Minamiaoba' or 'Waseyutaka' were used as preceding Italian ryegrass rather than when the variety 'Ace' was used. The dry-matter production and stem density of guineagrass seeded by the hoof cultivation method were higher with 'Minamiaoba' rather than with 'Ace' and variety 'Minamiaoba' was more stable than other varieties during the 3 experimental years.

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Effects of Roughage-based NDF Content on Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility of Rice Grains and Total Mixed Ration (TMR), and Milk Production of Lactating Cattle Fed on the TMR Containing Whole Crop Rice Silage

Yasunari Yamamoto, Kiyohito Inui, Shuji Urakawa, Hiroshi Hiraoka, Masa ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 217-222
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.217

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A 3×3 Latin square design of feeding experiment was conducted using six lactating Holstein cattle. Each two was allotted to the three dietary treatments with 27%, 22%, and 17% of neutral detergent fiber from roughage (r-NDF) content but at same levels of NDF, TDN and CP in the total mixed ration (TMR) which contained 20% of whole crop rice silage on the dry matter (DM) basis. DM intake, digestibilities of the rice grains and TMR, and milk production were measured in a 3 day of experimental period after 11 day preliminary period.The r-NDF content in the diet significantly (P<0.05) increased the roughage value index (RVI), increasing the digestion of rice grain in the r-NDF 27% diet compared to that of the r-NDF17% one (P<0.05). The digestibility of DM and chemical components was less variable amongst three treatments, being attributable for the same DM intake and milk production of the three diets.

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Effects of the Heavy Application of Slurry to Timothy Grass (Phleum pratense L.) on Grass Growth, Milk Production, and the Blood Chemical Components of Dairy Cattle

Takehiko Matsumoto, Hirotaka Kasuya, Tsutomu Ohgi, Masayuki Hojito

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 223-229
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.223

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The effects of the heavy application of dairy cattle slurry to timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) on the yield and nutrient content of the grass; residual nitrate levels in soil, and the voluntary intake, milk production and blood chemical components of dairy cattle fed on the silage of this grass were estimated. It was shown that the heavy application of dairy cattle slurry adversely affects grass productivity (decrease in yield and deterioration of botanical composition), grass quality (increase in potassium and crude protein content, decrease in magnesium content), the health status of dairy cattle (decrease in magnesium content of blood, and increase in the urea-N content of blood), and environmental influences (increase in soil nitrate levels). These influences were caused by the input of excess amount of nutrients inherent in the heavy application of slurry. In order to avoid these negative effects, it is important to apply the appropriate amount of slurry according to the fertilizer recommendation, Hokkaido.

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Effects of Cutting Management on the Vegetational Changes of the Zoysia-Pteridium-type Pasture in Western Honshu

Yoshitaka Takahashi, Yasuyuki Ide, Hidekazu Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Hayasak ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 230-235
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.230

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The infestation of Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) is a serious problem for pasture management in southwestern Japan, with clear cutting being the most common method to control Pteridium plants in pastures. We conducted field experiments to examine the effect of cutting frequency on vegetation change and Pteridium control in the ZoysiaPteridium type pasture. Under a non-cutting or an annual cutting (July) condition, Pteridium-dominant vegetation continued and the succession of Zoysia-type grassland would be delayed because of the high persistent selfrenewal of Pteridium stands. On the other hand in a pasture that had been clear-cut three times per year (May, July, and September), there was a tendency toward the rapid reduction of Pteridium stands which contributed to a rapid shift toward Zoysia-dominant vegetation. In the initial phase of the establishment of Zoysia-type pasture, intensive cutting treatment is needed for the rapid succession of Zoysia-dominant stands.

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Forage Grass Wilting Technique Using a Flail-type Roll Baler

Ikuo Hattori, Kenzi Sato, Ryoji Kobayashi, Hiromi Okui, Nobuo Kuromiya ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 236-243
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.236

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We tested a flail-type roll baler (FR) for wilting Italian ryegrass, oats, Guinea grass, and Sudan grass. The FR wilting system produced faster drying than the conventional system, except with Italian ryegrass. The number of times of turning did not influence a drying rate. In Italian ryegrass and oats, the increase in a lactic acid content, the content sum of butyric, caproic and valeric acid and VBN/T-N decreased in the silage which performed wilting processing compared with non-wilting silage. The fermentation quality of the silage wilted by FR were equivalent of the silage wilted by the conventional system. In Guinea grass, any processing silage had low V-Score. In FR wilting, a harvest loss rate tended to have increased compared with the conventional system except for GG. As for any forage grass, about estimated TDN and the fiber fraction, the silage made in FR wilting did not have a difference the silage made in conventional system. The FR wilting system shortened the harvesting time of Sudan grass. These results showed that the FR wilting system, which cuts the grass and then dries and harvests it without turning or with turnig once, enabled faster drying than the conventional system, and the fermentation quality of these silage is equivalent to the silage produced conventionally.

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Temperate Grassland Provides Winter Food for Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.)

Hironori Ueda, Yoshitaka Takahashi, Masateru Inoue

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 244-248
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.244

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Cattle grazing is an effective means of controlling vegetation in abandoned fields. Temperate grass can be introduced to increase the grazing capacity for beef calf production. This grass might also become winter food for deer, thereby increasing deer populations. However, no information is available related to effects of introduced grass on wild boars. We investigated the frequency of wild boars' appearance in temperate grassland and whether they eat temperate grass. We counted 3809 wild-boar fecal groups in a grassland area (2ha) during October-March. Analyses of wild boar feces collected in January and March demonstrated that the percentage of monocotyledon was greater than 40% of fecal contents. We set 10 cages to protect grasslands from wild boars' feeding. We measured above-ground plant biomass inside and outside the cages in March and May. The standing biomass of Lolium multiflorum Lam. was lower outside the cages than inside in March and May because of the wild boars' feeding behavior. These results indicate that the temperate grassland provided winter food for wild boars. Therefore, when temperate grass is introduced into an abandoned field, its impact on the wild boar population must be considered.

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Evaluating the Winter Hardiness of Festulolium in a Cold Region

Kazuhiro Tase, Narichika Sato, Ken-ichi Tamura, Yasuharu Sanada, Toshi ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 249-256
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.249

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This study evaluated the winter hardiness of 13 foreign Festulolium cultivars in Hokkaido, which is a cold region of Japan. The winter hardiness of Festulolium cultivars was compared to those of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars in experimental fields located in a non-frozen soil area (Sapporo) and in a frozen soil area (Nakashibetsu) in Hokkaido. The amphidipoid cultivar 'Prior' derived from the perennial ryegrass×meadow fescue hybrid showed a degree of winter hardiness as high as that of the meadow fescue cultivar 'Harusakae' which is recommended to be cultivated in a frozen soil area. The tall fescue (F. arundinacea Schreb.) introgression cultivar 'Felina' showed winter hardiness similar to that of the perennial ryegrass cultivar 'Pokoro'. Other cultivars were found to be inferior to perennial ryegrass in terms of winter hardiness. Furthermore, freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance as main factors influencing winter hardiness were also evaluated under natural and artificial conditions. The results showed that the winter hardiness of 'Prior' was more closely associated with snow mold resistance than freezing tolerance, while the winter hardiness of 'Felina' was more closely related to its freezing tolerance. A new Festulolium cultivar adapted to the severe cold region in Hokkaido would be developed using the winter-hardy materials of perennial ryegrass and meadow fescue.

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Variations in the Water Soluble Carbohydrate Content of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and Soil Chemical Characteristics in the Northern Part of the Kamikawa and Tokachi Areas

Takayoshi Masuko, Kousaku Souma, Miho Shirai, Yusuke Kawai, Kenji Furu ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 257-259
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.257

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We collected timothy and soil from the grassland of dairy farmers in the northern part of the Kamikawa area (lowland and upland soils) and at the foot of mountains in and the central area of the Tokachi area (volcanic soil), and variations in the water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and mineral contents in the grass and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated. The mean WSC content was 5.49% in the lowland soil, 4.94% in the upland soil, and 4.30% in the volcanic soil, being the lowest and showing the least variation in the volcanic soil. The mean K content in the grass was 1.95-2.34% in dry matter, being the highest in the volcanic soil. The volcanic soil showed a high mean soil pH and marked accumulation of available phosphoric acid and exchangeable K.

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Introduction(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Yasuhiro Kawamoto

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 260-261
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.260

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The Problem and Prospect of Roughage Production by the Contractor(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Susumu Fukuda

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 262-266
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.262

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Prospects for Self-sufficient in Roughage Production with Utilizing Total Mixed Rations in Okinawa(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Nobuo Morikawa

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 267-270
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.267

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Prospects for Breeding Tropical Grass(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Masumi Ebina

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 271-275
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.271

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Management of High Carrying Capacity on Grazing Pasture(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Yasuhiro Kawamoto

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 276-279
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.276

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Groundwater Pollution by Nitrates Derived from Farm Cultivation and Livestock on Several Coral Islands in South-west Japan(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Yasuhiro Nakanishi

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 280-285
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.280

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Feature of Warm Temperature Zoysiagrass-type Grassland and Landscape Preservation(<Special Feature>Characteristics of Self-supplying Feed Production Grounds by Tropical Grasses)

Hikaru Akamine

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 286-290
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.286

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 291-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.291

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 293-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.293

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages App7-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App7

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages App8-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App8

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages App9-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App9

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages Cover8-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover8

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
Published: October 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover9

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