To cereals and other crops, many interesting facts have been demonstrated concerning the physiological difference between the spring and winter types, but we have no such papers about vetches, so the investigation on the physiological characters in these crops were carried out. The following results were obtained. (1) 45 strains of vetches, which were the foregin origin and the wild species in Japan were classified to 7 grades as spring growing habit by the limiting of flowering in spring sowing. (2) The grades of the spring growing habit of strains were variable according to the difference of the origin. The most of strains in Kanto area were intermadiate types, grade III-V, that in Kinki area were II-V, that in Shikoku area were higher types, II-III, and the strains in Kyusyu area were various grades of spring growing habit, from II to VI. (3) The numbers of days from germination to flowering of each sowing were recorded, which were shortened in proportion as the sowing time in spring was delayed. The maximum rates of flowering acceleration in all strains were calculated by the quotient (A-B)×100/A: days from the germination on Mar. 17 to the flowering B: days from the germination to the flowering in the case where the time required for the flowering since the germination is shortest. The rates of flowering acceleration showed high correlations with the spring growing habit and the higher the grade of the spring growing hadit was the higher the maximum rates of flowering accelation. (4) These vetches were sown three times in each month from September to November, and were observed on the first flowering day, by which vetches were classified to 5 grades from early flowering to late flowering types, from the practical of view. But there was no correlation between the grade of spring growing habit and the degree of early and late flowering types. (5) Generally, the strains-the higher grade of the spring growing habit-had not winter hardiness, the most of the lower grade strains had it, but also some of the higher grade strains had it. (6) The flowering time were accelerated by the vernalization. The strains, the lower grade of the spring growing habit showed the lower rates of flowering acceleration by the vernalization. The rate of flowering acceleration of the early flowering types were high and that of the late types were low, which showed the lower grade of sensibilities to the low temperature. (7) Practical strains of vetches are classified to 5 groups by the grades of spring growing habit.

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[in Japanese]

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This experiment was conducted to make clear the influence of clipping height on the growth and yield of teosinte with special regards to the height o growing point on the plant. Teosinte plants were clipped four times during their growth, except the plots in which plants were kept intact during their growth. Clippings were made at various levels of height and in some plots the growth points were removed. The rising curve of the growth point, the tillering order of the stems and yield were investigated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The growing point began to go up rapidly after plant grown up above 1 meter heigh, and thereafter the rising curve of growing point ran almost parallel to that of plant height. 2) On the clipped plant, the shortening of internodes was observed and the rise of growing point retarded. The lower height of clipping resulted in the more shortening of the internodes. 3) Tillering order system of teosinte by ordinary cultivation is consisted of main stems and lower nodal tillers of primary order, i. e., 1st and 2nd tillers, and the higher order tillers withered pre maturely. These thicker stems and tillers gave higher yield. On thecontrary, in teosinte which were removed their growing points of main stems, 1st and 2nd tillers developed higher nodal tillers of primary order and many secondary order tillers, but they were short and thin, consequently produced very low yield. 4) Concerning the relationship between the height of clipping and the yield, it was shown that teosinte which lost growing points produced the lowest yield and among plots where growing points were not removed, the higher the clipping height the higher the total grass yield was obtained. In this experiment, the highest yield was obtained in the plots where only one third of the upper part was clipped. 5) Though teosinte without clipping during growth gave high yield, its growth stage rather advanced and hardening of stems and withering of lower leaves appeared in earlier stage. The clipping during its growth period, therefore, resulted in extending its growth period.

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A young plant of Dallisgrass was cultivated early in May 1962, in the center of an earthern pipe (60cm in diameter, 90cm in depth) buried in the field. This pipe was filled with alluvial sandy loam developed from the Ashida River which flows through Fukuyama city, Hiroshima Prefecture. Ammonium sulfate, superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied 1.2kg per one are as N, P_2O_5 and K_2O respectively. Three cutting dates were July 11th (I), August 20th (II) and September 24th (III). Nitrogen application increased the growth and yield, and a combination of fertilizers resulted in yields greater than was obtained with nitrogen. The content of various kinds of chemical constituents was greater in the leaves and culms than in the ears through the three cutting periods, while the content of crude fider was greater in the ears than in the leaves and culms. The content of moisture, nitrogen, crude protein, crude fat and potassium was greatest in I and III periods and less in II period, while crude fiber was greatest in II period. Increased precipitation caused the crude protein and calcium contents to increase and the crude fiber and phosphoric acid contents to decrease. A twofold application of nitrogen and potassium respectively or simultaneously caused the growth to increase. The yield of leaves and clums was increased by a twofold application of nitrogen and the ears by a similiar application of potassium. The content of nitrogen and crude protein was increased by a two-fold application of nitrogen, but was not effected by a potassium application. The content of crude fat and crude fiber was decreased by the twofold applications of nitrogen and potassium. The ratio K/Ca+Mg in Dallisgrass is 2.20 m.e., and its value is as high as that of timothy or rice straw when compared with the ratios of many kinds of feed stuffs. The ratio is increased further by potassium fertilization, but decreased by nitrogenous fertilization. Dallisgrass grows favorably in summer and may be a very suitable feed crop for grazing pasture in locals of high temperature and little precipitation as in the southwestern part of Japan.

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