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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Tsutomu KANNO, MACEDO Manuel C, Kenichi KANDA, Yoshinori YOSHIMURA, Ta ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
569-577
Published: February 15, 2002
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The purpose of this study is to establish a sustainable agropastoral system in the Brazilian savannas. Forage productivity and forage quality were evaluated in Panicum maximum pastures, one establisned after 4 years of soybean cultivation in summer (SO) and the other after 4 years of rotation with soybean in summer and pearl millet in winter for grazing (SO/MI). On the P.maximum pastures, dry matter production was measured at approx imately 6-week intervals for 253 days. Aboveground bio mass of P.maximum after SO was significantly larger than that after SO/MI, throughout the investigation period. Forage production of P.maximum after SO was twice larger than that after SO/Ml. The content of nitrogen and copper in top plant parts after SO were significantly higher than those after SO/MI. Thus, it was considered that this shortage of copper and nitrogen restricted the dry matter production of P.maximum after SO/MI. It appeared that, in the cropping sequence of SO/MI, part of the soil nitrogen was lost for beef production during the winter grazing of pearl millet, and the other part was immobilized for decomposition of the plant residues of the pearl millet. The soil nitrogen losses and immobilization in SO/MI seem to be the reasons for the nitrogen deficit in the subsequent P. maximum pasture.
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Osamu KAWAMURA, Noritaka NIIJIMA, Mitsuhiro NIIMI, Ryo AKASHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
578-582
Published: February 15, 2002
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The second, fifth and eighth internode, counting stemupward, collected from heading, milk-ripe and full-ripe maize (Zea mays L.), were micro-surgically dissected into fractions of epidermis (EPI), sclerenchyma (SCL), vascular bundle (VB) and pith parenchyma (PITH). Of the total internode tissues, the dry weight of the VB fraction was the lowest, followed by EPI, SCL and PITH. These values did not coincide with the size of the respective areas occupied by the different tissue fractions in cross-sections of the internodes. The lignin concentration was in the following order : EPI>SCL>VB>PITH. Moving stemupward, the lignin concentration increased in PITH but decreased in EPI and SCL, and was relatively stable in VB. The proportion of lignin content in VB tissues to total lignin of the internodes was the lowest at 9-14%, and varied from 24 to 35% for EPI, from 18 to 48% for SCL and from 12 to 44% for PITH. The higher the internode was situated the smaller was the proportion of lignin found in SCL and the greater in PITH.
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Li-man CAO, Masakazu GOTO, Mitsuaki OHSHIMA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
583-587
Published: February 15, 2002
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Variations in the fermentation quality of the silage between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cv. Dupuits) harvested at the 1^<st> and 6^<th> growth were examined as the forage was ensiled with 16 treatments of wilting, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB), sucrose (S) and FJLB+S additives. The control silage (C) was also prepared with treatment of the same amount of sterilized FJLB. Dry matter contents of alfalfa at the 6^th(17 Oct. 1996) and 1^<st> (14 Apr. 1997) growth were 20% and 17%, respectively, and those were wilted to levels of 26,31 and 36% and 29,36 and 48%. The 6^<th> growth alfalfa had the significantly higher fermentation quality than the 1^st growth one (P<0.05), although there were no differences in the CFU value of epiphytic LAB between two harvest times. The lower pH value and concentration of ammonia-N and the higher concentrations of lactate and acetate and higher ratio of lactate to acetate in the 6^<th>growth alfalfa compared to those of the 1^<st> growth one was obvious especially for the corresponding of the C silage of <29% DM contents. The FJLB treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased lactate fermentation in the silage of two harvest times, except for the 6^<th> growth alfalfa which was unwilted and slightly wilted. The greater extent of decreases of clostridial fermentation in the 1^<st> growth alfalfa compared to the 6^<th> growth one was observed with treatment of wilting and FJLB, as shown by drops of ammonia-N and acetate concentrations. The fermentation quality of the 6^th growth alfalfa also responded to combined treatment of FJLB and S more than to the single treatment of either FJLB or S. The result was discussed on effects of FJLB treatment and its variations between harvest times and moisture contents.
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Ryo AKASHI, Chie YUGE, Takahiro GONDO, Osamu KAWAMURA, Franz HOFFMANN
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
588-593
Published: February 15, 2002
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A simple and inexpensive, self-built particle acceleration apparatus is described, and the special features of the device are emphasized. We have employed this easy-to-use gene gun for efficient direct delivery of DNA to cultured cells of an important monocotyledonous forage crop, dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.). High levels of transient expression of the β-glucuronidase gene were obtained following bombardment of suspension cells. Furthermore, stable transformed cells of this grass have been obtained after intrusion of the bar (bialaphos resistance) gene at optimized delivery conditions. Fifteen calli were selected on solidified medium. After transfer to liquid selection medium, one of these calli provided a stable suspension culture tolerant at 1 mg/l bialaphos. Integration of the transgene in the suspended cells was confirmed by PCR amplification analysis.
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Yukiko NISHIMICHI, Masato YAYOTA, Chizuru YAYOTA, Hiroki NAKATSUJI, Se ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
594-598
Published: February 15, 2002
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Effects of pre-grazing grass height (PGGH) on the herbage production (HP) and utilization (HU) were studied on 2 perennial ryegrass-dominant pastures (0.94ha) under rotational grazing by lactating dairy cows. Each pasture was divided into paddocks and rotationally grazed by 7 cows (for 5 hours daily) from May to October, with target PGGHs of 20 cm (GH20) at one pasture and 30 cm (GH30) at the other, being controlled by adjusting grazing intervals. The mean PGGH over the grazing season was 20.4 and 30.1 cm for GH20 and GH30,respectively. HP before and during the grazing season was 1.4 and 7.9t DM/ha for GH20,and 3.4 and 7.1t DM/ha for GH30,respectively. Total HU was 9.0 and 9.9t DM/ha for GH20 and GH30,respectively. PGGH, daily HP and HU in GH20 remained relatively constant throughout the grazing season, except for a decline in herbage production in October. On the contrary, PGGH, daily HP and HU in GH30 showed considerable fluctuations with peaks in June or May-June. Between GH20 and GH30,there was no difference in total HP and HU, while seasonal fluctuation of daily HP and HU in GH30 was greater than that in GH20.
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Osamu ENISHI, Fuminori TERADA, Tetsuya ISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
599-603
Published: February 15, 2002
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Chemical composition and ruminal dry matter, crude protein (CP) and starch disappearace characteristic of brown rice were compared among three varieties (Koshihikari, Milky Queen and Koshihikari-mochi [waxy mutant]) which were different amylose content in experiment 1 and between 2 varieties (Akenohoshi and Takanari) which were applicated three different nitrogen levels (9 kg, 18kg and 27kg/10a) in experiment 2. There was no apparent differnce in the chemical composition, but the effective degradability were highest in Koshihikari-mochi, followed by Milky Queen and Koshihikari in experiment 1. Applied nitrogen increased the CP content and decreased binding protein/CP (%), but had no appearent effect of ruminal DM, CP and starch disappearance characteristics. However, there were appearent differences between Akenohoshi and Takanari in DM, CP and starch disappearence characteristics in experiment 2. These results indicate that the ruminal disappearance rate of brown rice is mainly affected by amylose content.
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Shin-ichi TSURUTA, Ryo AKASHI, Osamu KAWAMURA, Hirotsugu NUMAGUCHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
604-609
Published: February 15, 2002
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Fifteen napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) lines, including one interspecific hybrid (P. americanum (L.) Leeke×P. purpureum), were investigated for eleven morphological characteristics and two feed components for estimating the phenotypic values. Brix was negatively correlated with seven different morphological characteristics (No. of tiller, plant length, stem length, stem diameter, No. of node, internode length and ratio of heading stem). Although lignin contents were correlated with many of morphological characteristics, that of whole plant showed the highest negative correlation with leaf ratio ( -0.91,P< 0.01). Cluster analysis based on morphological characteristics showed that fifteen lines could be classified into four major groups. Cluster I grouped eight lines that were higher plant length (tall-types), large number of tillers and inter-nodes, and wide leaf blades. Cluster II grouped five lines that were similar morphorogical characteristics to cluster I except for leaf width. Cluster III and IV consisted of "Giante pinda" and "Dwarf", respectively. "Giante pinda" showed higher brix and lower lignin content than the other tall-types. It is suggested that this line is useful as breeding material for the improvement of the forage quality in napiergrass.
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Hirokatsu SHITO, Nobuki YAMANA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
610-614
Published: February 15, 2002
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The roll baler and the bale wrapper for chopped material were developed in order to realize minimal work force for maize or sorghum harvesting and ensiling, furthermore, to realize efficient operation even at small and dispersed fields in Honsyu and Kyusyu district. As the result of the harvesting and ensiling test for maize and sorghum, when a single row forage harvester and 44kW tractor for baler and 22kW tractor for wrapper were used, harvesting and ensiling operation by two persons were confirmed. And roll bales were l53kg・DM/m^3 for sorghum and 205kg・DM/m^3 for maize of high density and excellent fermentation quality. Furthermore, the production loss at bale release and wrapping was less than 3%.
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Michio TSUTSUMI, Masae SHIYOMI, Shusuke SATO, Kazuo SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
615-618
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Hideki ASAI, Katsuchi TAGUCHI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
619-623
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Yasuo HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
624-629
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Shusuke SATO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
630-631
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Kazuo OTSUKI
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
632-636
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Seiji KONDO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
637-643
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Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
644-651
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Takeshi YASUE, Shusuke SATO
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
652-657
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
660-
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
662-665
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
666-669
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
670-671
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Article type: Index
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
672-673
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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2002 Volume 47 Issue 6 Pages
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