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1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
i-iii
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
iv-v
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
vi-vii
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1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Ai-Aiv
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Masae SHIYOMI, Shigeo TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
299-306
Published: January 31, 1987
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It is essential to model constructions of grassland ecosystems, including plant-animal interface, to clarify a relationship between the amount of herbage available for animals and the amount of herbage ingested by animals on grazed pastures. These two amounts are usually measured as daily herbage allowance (DHA) and daily herbage intake (DHI). In this report, a new model for describing this DHA-DHI relationship is proposed and several experimental data sets are provided to prove the model and its assumptions. This model can point out statistically the critical level of DHA below which DHI is insufficient for animal growth. The critical level of DHA is 27.45 herbage dry matter g/animal live weight kg/day for cattle in rotational grazing experiments by Baker (1978) and 34.47 leaf dry matter g/animal live weight kg/day for heifers in series of experiments by Takahashi et al. (1981).
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Masae SHIYOMI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
307-312
Published: January 31, 1987
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For estimating herbage biomass on experimentally grazed grassland, a quadrat method has been used, in which several quadrats are set out on a given grassland and herbage within the quadrats is measured by cutting, drying and weighing. The number of quadrats required for any experiment is a function of various factors. First, it depends on the precision required for estimating herbage biomass. Second, it depends on topographical heterogeneity in land elevation, soil nutrient content, herbage height, vegetation and so on ; and third, it depends on total grassland area involved. In this report the following two subjects were discussed. 1) Relationships between size and number of quadrats: for obtaining, precise estimation of herbage biomass per unit area, small quadrats were more efficient than large quadrats if herbage on the same ground area was cut in both cases. For example, herbage biomass estimations using twenty 0.25m^2-quadrats had the same precision as estimations using ten 1m^2-quadrats although the total areas cut for the surveys were 5m^2 and 10m^2, respectively. 2) Relationships between grassland area for survey and quadrat-to-quadrat variation of herbage biomass: generally, the larger the total grassland area being surveyed, the larger the quadrat-to-quadrat variation (i.e., variance). Under 2, 000m^2 of total grassland area, a striking increase in variation due to overall grassland area increases was observed, but when the overall area was over 2, 000m^2 this large increase in variation was not observed and variance became stable with overall area increases.
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Yasuhiro SUGIMOTO, Masahiko HIRATA, Masahiko UENO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
313-320
Published: January 31, 1987
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Nitrogen flow was investigated in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pasture from 7 April in 1983 to 6 April in 1984. The pasture was grazed by Holstein heifers under rotational grazing system during the grazing period (from May 21 to Oct. 28) in 1983. Results were shown for full one year period and for following seasonal periods; 7 April to 14 July (spring), 15 July to 31 August (summer), 1 September to 28 October (autumn) in 1983, and 29 October in 1983 to 6 April in 1984 (winter). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Annual nitrogen uptake by plant was 375.4kg/ha. About 80% of this uptake was supposed to be derived from mineralized soil nitrogen. Plant nitrogen ingestion by grazing animal was 157.8kg (42.0%), and other 100.8kg (26.9%) and 62.7kg (16.7%) of nitrogen flowed to litter and trimmed herbage nitrogen, respectively. Annual nitrogen retention in plant was 54.1kg (14.4%). 2) Nitrogen uptake and its flow varied with season. Nitrogen uptake in spring was 96.8kg/ha, of which 73.0kg (75.4%) and 25.5kg (26.3%) flowed to animal ingestion and litter, respectively. In summer, only 25.8kg (31.5%) out of 81.9kg uptake nitrogen/ha were ingested by heifers while 62.7kg (76.6%) were removed from the ecosystem as trimmed herbage nitrogen. Nitrogen uptake in autumn was 127.6 kg, being higher than in other seasons. Out of this uptake, 59.0kg (46.2%) and 39.0kg (30.6%) flowed to animal ingestion and litter, and plant retained relatively large amount of nitrogen (29.6kg, 23.2%). In winter, about a half of 69.1kg uptake nitrogen/ha was transferred to litter and the other half was retained in plant. 3) Heifers ingested 291.5kg nitrogen/ha (157.8kg from plant and 133.7kg from concentrate), and retained 39.3kg (13.5%) in their bodies during the grazing period in 1983. Nitrogen retentions in animal bodies in spring, summer and autumn were 13.2%, 19.2% and 9.5%, respectively.
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Yoshifumi TAMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
321-327
Published: January 31, 1987
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The present experiment was conducted to clarify the relationships between growth and storage of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) and to obtain a criterion for the contents of NSC in Barley, Rye, Oats and Italian ryegrass at vegetative stage grown under low air temperature conditions of fall. Several varieties in each of the species were grown for two to three years from 1982 to 1984 under the same cultivating methodes and under the different amount of fertilizer nitrogen applied in 1984. Single correlation and regression, analysis were carried out between NSC contents on fresh weight basis and dry matter weights, dry matter contents, and T-R ratios measured at the same date throughout the experimental years. Root dry matter weights were positively and significantly correlated to NSC contents both of the tops and roots in all of the species. It is considered that root plays an important roll as a storage of reserves, hence, roots growth accompanyed by rapid accumulation of reserves to acquire high wintering ability and vigorous growth in following spring. As for the tops, increment of dry matter weights due to greater nitrogen application coincides with decrement of NSC contents. But no clear relationships was observed among varieties in every species. Dry matter contents, especially of tops, closely correlated to NSC contents in all of the species, more than 0.8 (significant at 1% level) of single correlation coefficients were observed. Dry matter content of top is considered to be the most suitable criterion for NSC content in those species. However, the regression lines between the dry matter contents and NSC contents differed between years in some cases, indicating that relative degrees of NSC contents are able to estimate by comparision of the dry matter contents measured at the same time by the same method in the same experiment. In Italian ryegrass, the regression lines differed between diploid and tetraploid varieties as reported earlier. Those varieties must be dealt with separately in estimating the contents of NSC by dry matter contents.
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Shoitsu OGATA, Kenji KOUNO, Aiko ISHIKAWA, Konosuke FUJITA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
328-336
Published: January 31, 1987
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Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the relationships between ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activities per unit leaf area of warm-season grasses and N, P, K contents of leaves. Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare PERS, CV. Sweet Sioux IV) and African millet (Eleusine coracana, GAERTN, CV. Snow Brand) were cultivated in cultural solution with 4 levels of N, P, K concentration. RuBPCase and PEPCase activities per unit leaf area and the contents of N, P, K and soluble protein in leaves were measured at selected time after planting. In order to analyze the activity of enzyme per unit leaf area, it was expressed as the product of soluble protein content per unit leaf area and the enzyme activities per unit soluble protein. 1) RuBPCase and PEPCase activities of Sorghum and African millet increased with increasing N contents of leaves. This increase was not due to the increase of enzyme activity per unit soluble protein which was rather decreased with increasing N content, but to the increase of soluble protein per unit leaf area. 2) The activities of these enzyme per unit leaf area increased with increasing P contents of leaves at the range of 0-2.0mgP/dm^2 in PEPCase of African millet, and at the range of 0-1.0 mgP/dm^2 in RuBPCase of both grasses. Activities of these enzyme per unit leaf area increased with increasing K contents of leaves at the range of 0-11 mgK/dm^2 in PEPCase of African millet, and at the range of 0-6mgK/dm^2 in RuBPCase of both grasses. And these increase of activity were mainly due to the increase of activity of enzyme per unit soluble protein. The protein contents per unit leaf area were kept almost stable. 3) Significant negative correlations were found between the activity of enzyme per unit protein and protein contents per unit leaf area. These results indicate that RuBPCase and PEPCase activities per unit leaf area of Sorghum and African millet are limited by the decrease of soluble protein contents in case of low N contents, and by the decrease of activity per unit soluble protein in both cases of low P (below 2.0mg/dm^2) and low K (below 10mg/dm^2) contents in leaves.
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Hyoe TSUGAWA, Thomas W. SASEK, Munetoshi TANGE, Kin-ichi NISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
337-347
Published: January 31, 1987
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Fundamental aspects of foliage production of kudzu-vine are evaluated in this paper, including time of current year's stem emergence from buds at the nodes of overwintering stems, the number of current year's stems produced per node of overwintering stem (NCPN), the difference in the contribution of left, middle and right buds to the emergence of current year's stem and percentage mortality of current year's stem. Current year's stem emergence commenced in early April and terminated in early June, although about 80% of the total number of current year's stems emerged by the end of April. NCPN decreased gradually from 0.61 in May to 0.15 in October in the overwintering stems with one vascular bundle ring (one-ring overwintering stems). In two-ring overwintering stems, NCPN did not show a distinctly seasonal change, ranging from 0.11 to 0.18. NCPN for overwintering stems with more than three vascular bundle rings was even lower. Nodes of overwintering stems were classified into seven types on the basis of which of the three buds produced a current year's stem. The left and right buds made a greater contribution than the middle one to the production of current year's stems. In one-ring overwintering stems, percentage mortality of current year's stems started increasing from July and reached the highest value (22.2%) in the final examination. Percentage mortality was generally lower in two-ring overwintering stems than in one-ring stems. No dead current year's stems were observed in the overwintering stems with more than three vascular bundle rings. From these results and the fact that the nodes of one-ring overwintering stems were 76% of the total number of nodes examined, it is concluded that the emergence of current year's stems occurs mainly on buds of one-ring overwintering stems and that the left and right buds play a more important role than the middle one in the current year's stem-emergence.
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Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Yasuhisa MASUDA, Ichiro GOTO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
348-353
Published: January 31, 1987
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The effects of plant density on dry matter yield, and competitive relation in the mixed culture of sorghum and soybean were examined in a field experiment. In mixed cultures two arrangements were conducted, namely alternate planting with sorghum and soybean within a row (AWR) and alternated rows of the two species (AR). Four plant densities treated at a spacing of 60cm between rows were 5.6 plants/m^2, 11.1 plants/m^2, 16.7 plants/m^2 and 33.3 plants/m^2, in which plants were planted at 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 30cm interval within a row, respectively. 1) Dry matter yield of pure sorghum culture and mixed culture increased strongly with increasing plant population density, but that of soybean was slightly affected by plant population density. Dry matter yield of mixed culture a little more decreased than that of sorghum pure culture. Dry matter yields of component species were higher in AWR mixed culture than AR mixed culture. Relative yield based on the dry matter yield at each plant density of sorghum was over 0.5, but that of soybean was under 0.5. Under the plant densities over 11.1 plants/m^2, relative yield total in AWR mixed culture was over 1.0, and higher than that in AR mixed culture. 2) NAR of sorghum was higher at high plant densities in mixed cultures. SLA of sorghum was decreased with lowering density in pure culture, and that was smaller in mixed cultures than in pure culture, especially small in AWR mixed culture. 3) Reciprocal equations (1/w=Aρ+B) between plant density and mean plant dry weight were given in both species in pure and mixed cultures. Density exchange rates (q) were calculated from the respective reciprocal equations. Density exchange rate of soybean to sorghum (q_sorghum) was lower than unit, while the value of sorghum to soybean (q_soybean) was higher than unit. It was suggested that sorghum was strongly affected by inter-specific competition and soybean by intra-specific competition. 4) The product of density exchange rates (q_sorghum・q_soybean), which is the index of mixture effect in competitive relation, indicated that mixed culture performed under relative high plant population had the advantage over the pure cultures.
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Seiichi AOTA, Yoshiaki WATANABE
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
354-360
Published: January 31, 1987
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The differences in growth of corn varieties were examined on the first year field and eighth year field after conversion from ill-drained paddy field. Three varieties, P3715, Takanewase and G4553 were grown in 1981 under three conditions of nitrogen level, i.e. none, standard and heavy (1.5 fold) applications on each year field. The yields and contents of total nitrogen (T-N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were investigated in each organ at the stages of heading and yellow-ripening. Since the growth and yield of corn varieties under the no-nitrogen application plots on the first year field after conversion were markedly poor, that the characters related to growth and yield were statistically analyzed only between the standard and heavy nitrogen application plots. Length and weight of ear, yield and TDN yield on the first year field were lower than those on the eighth year field, significantly, but culm length and diameter were not affected. In Takanewase, the rate of growth depression on the first year field was greater than that of the other varieties, i.e. evidently short in ear length and low in ear ratio. Many dead leaf blades were also observed at the yellow-ripening stage. Inorganic contents, especially T-N, P and K in leaf blades on the first year field were lower than those on the eighth year field in the all three varieties. In Takanewase, the contents of T-N, P, K and Ca in leaf blades were particularly low, but P, K, Ca and Mg were high in stems. The pattern of nutrient absorption of Takanewase was differed from that of other varieties, such as it decreased nitrogen absorption amount at the yellow-ripening stage in stead of the heading stage on the first year field. The growth and yield of the no-nitrogen application plots on the first year field were much lower than that of the nitrogen applied plots and that of the no-nitrogen application plots on the eighth year field. The yield increase of the heavy nitrogen application on the first year field was greater than that on the eighth year field, which shows that the yield on the first year field after conversion depends strongly on the application of nitrogen.
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Tomiharu MANDA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
361-368
Published: January 31, 1987
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For a period of 3 years, experiments were carried out to assess losses of dry matter, nutritive value and nutrients intake in field cured hay, wire rack dried hay, moist hay treated with ammonium tetra-propionate (ATP) and silage prepared from Italian ryegrass, using sheep and heifer. And also, postprandial changes of rumen fermentation and blood composition were surveyed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after feeding using sheep and 4 hours after feeding using heifer. Wilted silage showed the lowest losses of dry matter and nutrients, and more intake of nutrients by sheep than any hay. Although wire rack dried hay was superior to field cured hay in dry matter recovery, nutritive value and nutrients intake by sheep, wire rack dried hay was inferior to wilted silage. When ATP was applied to hay of 30% moisture content at rates of 1% by a applicator fitted to the baler, heating, moulding and losses of dry matter occured. At the 25% moisture level of hay, the 3% treatment of ATP prevented extensive moulding and nutrient losses assosiated with this. All controls were 100% mouldy. As for the molar ratio of VFA in rumen fluid, the sheep fed silage showed the lower acetic acid, the higher propionic and butyric acids than those fed any hay. Protozoal numbers in rumen fluid were lower in the sheep fed silage than those fed any hay. About hay, chemical composition and digestibility were not affected to molar ratio of VFA in rumen fluid. Concentration of total protein and glucose in blood plasma of sheep fed hay, which occured heating and moulding in storage, reduced significantly.
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Senji UCHIDA, Yukio KITAMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
369-374
Published: January 31, 1987
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The object of the research described in this paper was to develop reliable and efficient methods for conserving as silage the tropical pasture plants grown in South-Western Islands (Subtropics) of Japan. Rhodes grass (R) at the early heading stage and Napier grass (N) at the 6 weeks after a clearing out were harvested for ensiling. Both the grasses were chopped to the length of about 1cm and then ensiled into the silos made of plastic by following treatments: untreated (C); added with 2% of glucose (G) ; added with 0.1% of commercial silage additive, Sila-bac (S); added with 2% of glucose and 0.1% of the silage additive (GS); added with 0.5% of formic acid (F); with grass wilted for 5 hours (W), respectively. The pH value, fermentation acids and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) using the oven-dried sample of resultant silages were measured. The contents of dry matter and water soluble carbohydrate in Rhodes grass were higher than those in Napier grass. The value of IVDMD in each grass was cosiderably decreased by wilting. Mean scores by FLIEG's method of Rhodes grass silages were 52 in RC, 96 in RG, 30 in RS, 98 in RGS, 51 in RF and 98 in RW, and the scores of Napier grass silages were 1 in NC, 99 in NG, 0 in NS, 100 in NGS, 56 in NF and 75 in NW. The lactic acid fermentation was considerably increased in the silages made by addition of glucose, while all the fermentations for the silages were inhibited by wilting grass and by adding formic acid. On the other hand, adding bacterial additive did not have a large effect on fermentation of the silages. As the fermentation quality improved, the IVDMD of silage increased, except for the wilted silages. From this experiment, it was confirmed that the addition of fermentable carbohydorate was more effective to make high quality silages from these grasses, when compared with the other treatments.
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Senji UCHIDA, Yukio KITAMURA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
375-380
Published: January 31, 1987
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Rhodes grass at the early heading stage, Stylo and Siratro at the 10 weeks after clearing cut were harvested for ensiling. The plants were chopped to the length of about 1 cm and then Stylo (S) and Siratro (M) were individually mixed with Rhodes grass in following ratios: 0:100 (0), 25:75 (25), 50:50 (50), 75:25 (75) and 100:0 (100) as legume vs grass on wet weight. Each mixture was ensiled in duplicate in plastic experimental silos. The pH value, fermentation acid contents and in vitro dry matter digestibility using the oven dried sample (IVDMD) of resultant silages were measured. The value of buffering capacity and the content of water soluble carbohydrate in Siratro were higher than those of Stylo and Rhodes grass, while no large differences in the value of IVDMD were found between the plants. Mean scores by FLIEG's method of Stylo silages were 52 in S0, 41 in S25, 41 in S50, 31 in S75 and 24 in S100, and the scores of Siratro silages were 52 in M0, 24 in M25, 15 in M50, 1 in M75 and 5 in M100. Significant negative correlations were found between the ratios of mixing Stylo and Siratro with Rhodes grass and the socres of resulted silages (Stylo: r=-0.97, p<0.01; Siratro: r=0.91, p<0.05). On the other hand, as the mixing ratios of the legumes to the grass increased, the values of IVDMD of the silages decreased. In addition, there was significant positive correlation (r=0.98, p<0.001) between the fermentation quality and the IVDMD value of Siratro silages. It was suggested that the deterioration of fermentation quality of the silages made from legumes was closely correlated with the levels of buffering capacity of the ensiled materials.
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Yoshikuni MASAOKA, Satoshi ARA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
381-388
Published: January 31, 1987
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A requirement for the dissociation of lactic acid and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in an aqueous silage extract has been described for their simultaneous determination using gas chromatography (GC). Determination of lactic acid and VFA was effected by use of a glass column packed with 3% Thermon-3000 supported on telephthalic acid solid. Lactic acid and VFA were not detected when these acids were injected into GC in their salt forms. Though a small amount of detection of VFA was observed with existing of 0.1% sulfuric acid, lactic acid response was lost and the standard curve of VFA was not linear. Lactic acid and VFA appeared excellently after cation exchange of their salts by amberlite IR-120B and got linear standard lines. Lactic and acetic acids detection of 23 silage extracts by GC increased when cation resin was added into them, and the detection ratios in no resin silage extracts were from 0 to 95.8% (average was 71.3%) and from 81.1 to 108.1% (average was 97.8%), respectively. Other VFA detections got small influence of cation exchange. Amounts of lactic acid and VFA in each silage extracts were smaller than total anion contents. These differences were considered as depending on coexistence of inorganic acid. Lactic acid detection of no resin silage extracts was impaired by increasing silage pH value or by increasing VFA plus lactic acid ratio to total anion contents. It is concluded that cation exchange treatment is suitable to determine lactic acid and VFA simultaneously for GC.
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Yoshikuni MASAOKA, Nobuo TAKANO, Ken OHTA, Motokazu OCHI
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
389-394
Published: January 31, 1987
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Two types of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of growth environment on in vitro cell wall digestibility (CWCD) by cellulase in warm-season forage crops. In the first type, 9 species and 11 cultivars were grown in lysimeters with underground water levels of 5cm and under untreated check conditions. The second type used Sorghum bicolor M. at three different levels of N, P, K, Ca and Mg supplied by using a hydroponical solution. The relative growth rate was higher and the CWCD rate was lower under high soil moisture conditions in all forage crops. However, the rates of CWCD decrease were relatively lower for Panicum coloratum L. kabulabula, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., and Panicum coloratum L. makarikariense Goosens which were more adaptable to high soil moisture conditions. At both lower and higher mineral nutrient supplement rates, CWCD was lower than at the standard rate. The most remarkable effect of CWCD decrease was seen with the low N supplement rate at which lignification was accelerated and cell wall indigestibility increased greatly. It was concluded that the CWCD of forage crops decreases in growth stressing environments such as wet soil or unsuitable mineral supplementation.
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Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
395-401
Published: January 31, 1987
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Fencing to controle the behavior of cattle escaping is very important for the pasture utilization. Effects of various fences were experimented on the grazing behavior with the feeder adjusted the wire height. Two cows used in this experiment were Japanese Shorthorn with mean height of 132cm and mean weight of 533kg. The grazing behavior was studied on the frequency of sticking of cattle's poll out of the fence. Its frequency decreased as the post's span subdivided 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 meters in the fence became short and as the feeder became more distant among 0.5-1.5 meters from the fence line. Its frequency was found often in the height of 60-100cm in case of the 3, 4 or 5-wire fence with the wire of round barbed or a combination of both wire. This height was suitable for 45-75% of the height of cattle. The difference between the wire tension of 25 and 50 kgf was not clear, but the barbed wire was more effective to controle the cattle sticking rather than the round and the combination wire. The behavior of sticking out of the fence dropped the wire tension, and it was surmised that the cattle was apt to stick not over the wire but under one in case of the barbed wire fence.
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Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
402-407
Published: January 31, 1987
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The behavior of escaping from fences with slackening wire was studies about the flock of 22 cattle with mean height of 130cm and mean weight of 570kg by 2 experiments. One was experimented by using the fences with no slackening wire and with slackening wire of 10cm in the center of span of fence. The other was experimented by using fences with no slackening wire of the vertical corner post and with slackening wire after the corner post was tipped by about 5 degrees inside pasture. In the former experiment, the frequency of sticking cattle's poll out of fences with slackening wire was only 1.3-1.4 times frequency in fences with no slackening wire, but the behavior of escaping from fences with no slackening wire was hardly found. The behavior of escaping in the feed distance of 1m from fence line was found frequently in the wire space between 50 and 90cm above ground, which space was 38-70% of the withers height of flock. In the later experiment, the sticking in fences with no slackening wire was more frequent rather than in fences with slackening wire, but the behavior of escaping was found frequently in fences with slackening wire. These escaping behavior made a 47-81% decrease in the wire tension of no slackening wire fences, but the change of wire tension in the slackening wire fences after the experiment was a little. The escaping was caused by the cattle experienced in escaping or the cattle with comparatively lower withers height, and the characteristic behavior of flock was observed that the cattle being just about to escape led other cattle to escape from fences.
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Masuhiro OGAWA, Nobuo YAHARA, Toshihiko MASUBUCHI, Akinori OSHIBE, Mik ...
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
408-413
Published: January 31, 1987
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Convienient method for estimating TDN and DCP contents in ammoniated hay was examined in this report. Feed organic matter was divided into following three fractions; organic cellular contents (OCC), organic 'a' fraction in cell wall (Oa; organic matter digested by cellulase) and organic 'b' fraction in cell wall (Ob; residual organic matter after cellulase digestion) by successive treatments with actinase and cellulase. Regression equations between in vivo TDN (with sheep) and some fractions mentioned above were caluculated to estimate TDN and DCP contents. Better estimations were obtained with using various fractions determined by enzymatic analysis. TDN content was estimated from OCC+Oa fraction with the highest appliciability as shown in the following quadratic regression equation; Y=16.651+1.494X-0.012X^2 (R^2=0.951, Se=1.184), where Y=TDN content in % dry matter and X=organic cellular content (OCC)+high digestible fiber (Oa). DCP content was estimated with the best result from crude protein content as shown in following linear regression equation; Y=-2.100+0.684X (R^2=0.949, Se=0.708) where Y=DCP content % dry matter and X=crude protein content.
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Tetsuya ISHIKURO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
414-416
Published: January 31, 1987
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Yoshikuni MASAOKA, Nobuo TAKANO
Article type: Article
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
417-418
Published: January 31, 1987
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
419-428
Published: January 31, 1987
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
429-
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
430-
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Bi-Biii
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Biv-Bvii
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Bviii-Bx
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Article type: Index
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Bxi-Bxvii
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
App6-
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Article type: Appendix
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
App7-
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Cover15-
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Article type: Cover
1987 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Cover16-
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