Japanese Journal of Grassland Science
Online ISSN : 2188-6555
Print ISSN : 0447-5933
ISSN-L : 0447-5933
Volume 44, Issue 3
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages Cover7-
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages App3-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Index
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages Toc3-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages i-v
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Hiroshi DOHI, Kazuhiko MIZUNO, Akihisa YAMADA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 185-188
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    The composition of volatile chemicals extracted from fresh material of nine orchardgrass varieties with different palatabilities to heifers, was analyzed by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for five harvests in 1992. There were few differences, with one major exception, between volatile profiles of the nine varieties at each of the harvest times on the GC and GC-MS chromatograms. The four French varieties ; Lude, Lully, Lutetia, and Prairial, contained a specific compound which was not found in the other, non-French varieties. From its mass spectra, which was obtained by GC-MS, it was assumed to be diterpene. The amount of this compound in Lude, more palatable variety, tended to be higher than those of less palatable varieties, Lully, Lutetia, and Prairial. The correlation coefficient between the amount of this compound and their preferences in the four varieties was 0.51 (p<.05), except for the reproductive seasons when the degree of heading is known to be very negative with palatability. This result suggested that this compound might be one of the preference determinants in Lude, which was tend to be a palatable variety throughout the experiment period. However, the presence of the chemical by itself could not account for all the differences in palatability among the orchardgrass varieties.
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  • Hiroshi DOHI, Kazuhiko MIZUNO, Akihisa YAMADA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 189-192
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    n-Pentane extracts from the surface of leaves from nine orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) varieties with different palatabilities, collected from the third harvest in 1993, was analyzed with a gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Putative diterpene detected in the analysis of volatiles from Lude, Lully, Lutetia, and Prairial was also found to be present on the surface of their leaf fractions. Large amount of two other characteristic chemicals on the surface of leaves was also detected for these four French varieties, showing the highest concentrations in the Lude variety. Possible biological activities of these chemicals on the leaf surface were discussed to relate to the improvement of palatability of orchardgrass.
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  • Naoki NISHINO, Senji UCHIDA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 193-197
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Primary growth of rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana KUNTH.) was harvested at heading stage and ensiled with or without lactic acid bacteria (1×10^5cfu g^<-1>) and cell wall degrading enzymes (50mg kg^<-1>). The silos were stored at 20, 30 and 40℃ for 45 d and chemical composition, fermentation quality and in vitro dry matter digestibility were determined. Both additives increased lactic acid production and reduced pH value and NH_3-N of the silages. Addition of cell wall degrading enzymes decreased NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose ; the effects were not affected by the storage temperature. No significant difference was found in in vitro dry matter digestibility. The combination of the two additives provided more favorable fermentation than either additive on its own. These results indicate that addition of lactic acid bacteria and cell wall degrading enzymes could promise a better preservation of rhodesgrass silage ; the effects may be additive and would not be altered by the ambient storage temperature.
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  • Akio HONGO, Hideyuki OINUMA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 198-202
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Morphological response and ethylene production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were measured under artificial treading during the period from July to November 1993. Plants were grown in stainless steel pots containing autoclaved river sand, which were leached alternatively with distilled water and HOAGLAND'S solution. After the 50th day after sowing, treading treatments (0, 2, 5 and 19 kg/cm^2) were conducted seven times at 5-day intervals. Growth form changed from erect to prostrate type under treading treatments. Plant height was 30-55% lower in the trodden plots and position of shoot apex was 0.35-1.42 mm lower in the trodden plots than those in the control. The number of vegetative tillers was 13-53% more in the trodden plots. Plants produced 43-55 nl ethylene per plant per hour immediately after the first treading treatments of 5-10kgf/cm^2. In these plots, ethylene production decreased on successive sampling dates. Injured rate of tissues, which was estimated from contents of electrolyte leakage, was significantly higher in sheath than in leaf blade, and higher in the trodden plots than in the control. It is suggested that orchardgrass may improve physical stability and tolerance to treading stress under repeated treading treatments.
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  • Ryo AKASHI, Osamu KAWAMURA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 203-207
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Genetic changes in regenerated plants, caused by the tissue culture process (somaclonal variation), have become a possible means of improvement for many plant species including bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). The objective of this study is to investigate genetic variation of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in primary plants regenerated by an embryogenic suspension culture. RAPD markers, ten different short (decamer) oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence in combination with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used, did not reveal any preexisting polymorphisms in control plant seedlings. However, in three out of 28 plants regenerated from embryogenic suspension cultures variation for at least one of the RAPD markers was found. This is clear evidence of tissue culture-derived, newly-generated variation in bahiagrass.
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  • Yasuyuki IDE, Makoto KOJIMA, Haruo HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 208-214
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Experiments were carried out to determine the topographic effects on the distribution of cattle tracks, bare area and cattle dung with special attention to the inclination and the slope types ; such as a convex, linear and concave slope in the pasture in 1992 and 1993. The experimental site was located in the 2.2 ha sloping pasture on southern footslops of a volcanic mountain "Asama" at about 1,200 m above sea level, and the range of inclination was 8.5-23.2°, the value of mean was 13.6°. Dominant species in the pasture was Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). 12-13 heads of cow and the same numbers of calf were rotationally grazed in the experimental paddock and another one. Total period of occupation was about 95 days/year from April to November, and carrying capacity was 500 AUD/ha in the experimental paddock. Data were obtained through the 113 grid cells of 10 m×10 m in the experimental site excepting the under trees. The grazing behavior of cattle was affected by the inclination of pasture. Cattle tracks bare of vegetation cover were formed on steep slopes of inclination over 12°, which resulted in the increment of percentage of bare area at the site more than inclination 12° with the exception of the strong concave slope site. The percentage of area occupied by the fresh dung pats was much higher at the gentle sloping site than at the steep one except for the strong concave slope site, because grazing cattle mainly rested on the gentle sloping site and after excreted there. There was no difference of dung pats distribution between the experimental years.
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  • Yasuyuki IDE, Makoto KOJIMA, Haruo HAYASHI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 215-222
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the cattle dung distribution on soil K, forage grass production and degree of defoliation in sloping pasture. The exchangeable K contents in soil were markedly different from each sampling points ; the exchangeable soil K was much higher at the gentle sloping site than at steep one with the exception of strong concave slope site. In addition, the highly significant positive correlation was found between the exchangeable soil K and the percentage of area occupied by fresh dung pats. The dominant species in the pasture was Kentucky blue-grass (Poa pratensis L.) and it covered about 80% area on the pasture. The forage grass productivity was much higher at the gentle sloping site than at the steep one with exception of the strong concave slope site. And it was concluded that the difference of the productivity was dependent on the soil fertility. The degree of defoliation increased with increasing the angle of sloping site except for the strong concave slope site, and the negative correlation was found between the degree of defoliation and the percentage of area occupied by the fresh and decomposed dung pats. From the results of this study and previous reports, it could be concluded that, in the management of the mountainous sloping pasture except for strong concaved one, careful consideration should be paid to the classification of pasture into three types such as 1) Inclination under 12° : Grazing behavior is not affected by inclination, 2) Inclination 12-16° : Grazing behavior is affected by inclination, 3) Inclination over 16° : Grazing behavior is much affected by inclination.
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  • Yoshitomi TSUTUI, Tokuji YAMAMOTO, Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA, Kazuhiko TODA, ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 223-228
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Pastures tend to be located not only the place for the animal production but also the recreation and relaxation or maintenance of landscape. The consciousness of people who come in contact with the pasture environment or landscape is also important to study about the pasture environment or landscape. Although many studies on the evaluation of city and rural landscape are found, the study concerning with the evaluation of pasture landscape is few. This study describes the consciousness to local agriculture and maintenance of landscape, preferable characteristic on pasture landscape elements such as silos, fences, grasslands and trees. The results obtained were summarized as follows, 1. Monitor indicated a higher concern to maintenance of landscape, but the consciousness to local agriculture was uneven by the presence of the pasturing experience. 2. In case of the preferable characteristic on pasture landscape elements, the objects indicated a higher evaluation have the colorful and the sharp contrast to the background in common. 3. Two evaluation methods are effective to grasp the current of the evaluation and to discover the problem of the investigation.
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  • Kentaro DEOKA, Toshiro SAITO, Ikuo OOSAKA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 229-233
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    The in vivo digestibility was measured in Suffolk ram lambs, aged 2, 3 and 4 months, and Suffolk castrated male sheep (wethers), aged two years, fed hay with calf starter or formula feed for raising dairy cattle. Lambs had access to creep-feed (hay, concentrate) from 2 weeks of age, and were weaned 2, 3 or 4 months of age. Animals were housed in metabolism cages for digestion period. During digestion period, the daily dry matter intake, with hay to concentrate ratio of approximately 40:60, was fixed in approximately 55g/kg W^<0.756gt;. Rumen fluid samples were obtained from lambs of 4 months weaned at 2 months, lambs of 4 months weaned at 4 months, and wethers via stomach tube. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract and crude fiber in lambs were relatively lower than in mature wethers, but significant differences were detected only in crude protein and crude fat. No significant differences were observed in rumen volatile fatty acids concentrations among lambs of 4 months weaned at 2 months, lambs of 4 months weaned at 4 months and wethers. These results indicate that dry feed was digested as nearly in creep-fed lambs aged 2 months, as in mature wethers.
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  • Kazuhiko TODA, Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 234-239
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    It has been recognized that the pastures have recreational function in addition to that of animal production. Recently in some pastures, recreational facilities like benches, arbors, and rest houses have been constructed, but the consideration from a recreational point of view have not been paied to pasture facilities such as silos, barns, and fences. However, these ordinary pasture facilities are also important in pasture landscape. It is necessary to investigate the preferable colors of the ordinary pasture facilities in pasture landscape. Five facilities, the roof of barn, the fence, the road through fields, the steel tower silo, and the wrapped silo, were selected as the objects for the color evalution. The questionnaire was carried out using 429 panellers by the rank order method to facility's figures painted in eight colors, i. e., red, yellow-red, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, and black. This study indicates that the white color was chosen as the most preferable color on the facilities by many people, but the purple color was the least preferable color. The green color was preferred on gray background, but not preferred on green one of grassland. The young people tended to prefer the cold colors to the warm ones, and the middle-age and elderly-age people tended to prefer the warm ones.
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  • Naoto INOUE, Shigemitsu KASUGA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 240-247
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    The nutritive uniformity of Lucas test and true digestibility of chemical components were investigated for 21 silages prepared from 19 varieties of sorghum and sudangrass. The varieties tested were characterized of the types of grain, dual purpose, sorgo, sudangrass or sorghum-sudangrass hybrid by the utilization and plant type and also of the types of normal, sugary or higher digestibility by nutritional property. Apparent digestibilities of the organic cellular contents (OCC), organic cell wall fraction hydrolyzed by cellulase (Oa) and nitrogen cell wall free extract (NCWFE) were higher than that of residual organic cell wall after cellulase digestion (Ob). Endogenous excretion and true digestibility of the fraction of OCC plus Oa were estimated about 15% and 100%, respectively. Digestibilities of the Ob fraction in bmr-18 homozygotes were higher than those of the other silages. The nutritive uniformity of the Ob fraction was much lower than those of the other chemical component. However, the nutritive uniformity of the Ob fraction of the silages became much higher, as the bmr-18 and bmr-6 homozygotes and sudangrass were eliminated. The digestibility of the Ob fraction tended to be depressed by increasing cellular contents (CC) in the silages. An exponential model for the content of digestible Ob (DOb), as based on the relationship between the digestibility of the Ob fraction and CC, was proposed as follows: DOb=α・e^<β・Ob> where, α and β were constants, and β explained true digestibility curve of Ob. Therefore, we derived a following function for estimating TDN. TDN=OCC+Oa+DOb+bias. Values of α, β and bias were estimated 3.53, 0.0309 and -9.64 in normal varieties (SE=2.1), and 5.34, 0.0334 and -8.83 in bmr-18 homozygotes (SE=2.1), respectively.
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  • Masahiro AMARI, Noboru MORI, Hiroyuki SHINGU, Shigehiko MASAKI, Akira ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 248-254
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Three experiments carried out to study effects of characteristics of feed and animal condition on voluntary intake. The voluntary feed intake measured as dry matter intake (DMI) with four dairy cows fed timothy hays ad libitum. The digestibility of chemical compositions of the timothy hays obtained from total collection method with sheep. The rate of degradation of fiber in the tureen was calculated from in vitro method. Mean daily DMI and DMI per metabolic body weight of four timothy hays ranged from 6.5 to 9.1 kg/day, from 56.9 to 78.8 g/kg^<0.75>, respectively. The daily DMI of timothy hays by dairy cows was closely related with organic b fraction (Ob), sum of organic cellular contents and organic a fraction (OCC+Oa), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The daily DMI can predict from following regression equations; DMI=-0.18×Ob+19.5 (r=0.993), DMI=-0.50×ADL+12.1 (r=0.997), DMI=0.19×(OCC+0a)-1.6 (r=0.993). In addition, the daily DMI of timothy hays by dairy cows was closely related with retention time in the tureen, digestibility of each chemical compositions of the timothy hays and rate of degradation of fiber in the tureen. Similar values were observed in DMI per metabolic body weight. From those result it was cleared that each factor examined in this study effect on voluntary feed intake.
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  • Kazuhisa NONAKA, Tadashi NAKUI
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 255-259
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    In order to evaluate variations in the quality of low moisture round bale silage prepared from each crop field, the suitable sampling number of bale were investigated with the simple random sampling on round bale silages. Variations in the quality of wilted grasses among the samplings was also examined. Two crop fields were tested. The mean concentrations of moisture, CP and ADF in silages cultivated from the field A and B were 56, 15 and 41% and 34, 8 and 38%, respectively. The results were as follows : 1. The contents of moisture, CP and ADF of wilted grasses were variable within each windrow and among the windrows. This suggested that the chemical analysis of original or wilted grasses do not accurately evaluate the quality of ensiled material. 2. The suitable sampling numbers of bales were found. The number of bale was the same for both fields when moisture and ADF contents were used for indices of the quality. In contrast, the variance of the CP content in the silages was significantly different between the crop fields.
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  • Osamu ENISHI, Kichiro SHIJIMAYA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 260-265
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Experiments were carried out to investigate on chemical compostition and nutritive value of silages of normal and male sterile rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Akihikari, Fujisaka 5, Kochihibiki, Toyonishiki). The contents of organic cell wall and acid detergent fiber of leaf and stem fractions in the normal rice plant were consistently higher than those in male sterile rice, as compared at dough and yellow ripe stages. The pH value of the silages ranged from 4.45-4.96, showing no significant differneces of lactic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, and volatile basic nitrogen as a percentage of total nitrogen (%). The digestibility of crude protein in the sterile rice silages were higher than those in the normal rice silages. On the other hand, the digestibilities of dry matter and content of gross energy in the normal rice silages were higher than those in the male sterile rice silages. The normal rice silages had also higher amount of total digestible nutrients, digestible energy and metabolizable energy than the sterile rice silages. This result suggests that male sterile rice silages had a lower nutritive value than normal rice silages.
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  • Xiang Liu, Koji TAKAYAMA, Kento YAMASHITA, Yoshitaka NAKANISHI, Masaha ...
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 266-271
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    The present study was examined to utilize the aquatic fern Azolla species as a feed resource effectively in southern Kyushu. The influence of culture solution pH, growing season, introduction of ducks on multiplication of Azolla, chemical composition and palatability of Azolla for ducks, and the effect of Azolla feeding on meat production were investigated. The results obtained were as follow : An experiment using culture solution of pH2.8-9.2 indicated that the A. japonica had a similar pattern of growth rate in each level of pH 5.5-8.5. Five Azolla species i.e. ; A. pinnata 103, A. filiculoides 1006, A. caroliniana 3004, A. microphylla 4018, and A. japonica showed a slower growth during 1-2 weeks after inoculation in April (mean air temp. 14.6℃) than in May (mean air temp. 21.4℃) 1996. Though there was no significant difference of growth during 0-5 weeks after inoculation among the 5 species, A. filiculoides 1606 and A. japonica tended to grow rapidly to some extent. The biomass of Azolla mixture inoculated in the paddy field (with free-ranged ducks and without ducks) was not over 2000 kg/10 a during 0-40 days due to furrow shading in the paddy field after rice transplanting. However, pest injuries, reddening, over-luxuriant growth, and moulds were not found in plants in the paddy field with ducks. The Azolla mixture contained 25.1% crude protein on DMbasis. The palatability (FWbasis) of A. japonica for ducks was significantly higher than those of Artemisia vulgaris L., Trifolium repens L., Vicia angustifolia L., Rumex obtusifolias L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Brassica oleracea var. (p<0.01). Duckling fed with Azolla mixture along with formula feed, had significantly greater growth rates during 2-8 weeks of age than those fed with formula feed only. The feed conversion of the former was lower during 6-4 weeks of age than the latter, however, it tended to be higher afterwards. These findings suggested that Azolla had higher palatability (FWbasis) for the ducks, and also its supplementation to the animals resulted in better meat production as well as faster growth.
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  • Yasuharu SANADA, Hidemichi MATSUOKA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 272-277
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Seed shattering, which is a serious economic problem for seed production, is a common feature in tropical pasture plants. To obtain the information on seed shattering, varietal difference of shattering habit and seed productivity were examined in guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) and several Panicum spp. In guineagrass, the varietal differences in the period from head emergence to shattering-peak and -end were significant, but the varietal difference of seed retention was smaller than interspecific difference. Switchgrass showed the highest seed retention. The varietal differences in seed yield and its components were significant. Estimated seed productivity was calculated from panicle number and seed weight per panicle. The correlation coefficient between seed yield and estimated seed productivity was significant (r=0.676, p<0.05). Multiple correlation coefficient of panicle number per plant and branch number per panicle with seed yield was significant (R=0.836, p<0.05), and the multiple regression equation was shown to be Y=0.022X_1+0.128X_2-2.103, where Y=seed yield, X_1=panicle number per plant and X_2= branch number per panicle. The path coefficient from particle number per plant to seed yield exceeded that of branch number per panicle. This suggested that the effect of panicle number per plant on seed yield was relatively higher than that of branch number per panicle.
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  • Kazuhiko MIZUNO, Shigeru SHIOYA, Shin-ichi SUGITA, Fumihiro FUJIMOTO
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 278-285
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Intake of fresh materials in two varieties of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Lude and Akimidori was measured by Holstein heifers for 3 days. The first, second and third trial was conducted in July 1993, November 1993 and June 1994, respectively. There were no significant differences between varieties in dry matter intake (DMI, g/kg BW^<0.75>), but the mean DMI of variety Lude was 1.0%, 2.4% and 2.9% higher than variety Akimidori in the first, second, and third trial, respectively. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) of each variety was predicted from the degradability by 1% cellulase solution. Relationship between DMI and DMD in each variety was investigated through the whole trial. According to the t-distribution, the regression coefficient of original equations which predict DMI from DMD in each variety can be pooled statistically (P>0.39). The pooled equations were as follows: DMI of Akimidori=-44.72+1.79 DMD, DMI of Lude=-41.23+1.79DMD. However, the intercept of regression line on these equations was significantly different (P<0.05). According to the difference in the values of intercept, the estimated increase of DMI value in Lude over Akimidori was 3.49 g/kg BW^<0.75> at the same DMD level. Palatability of Lude measured by the same heifers was 32.2%^<***>, 37.5%^<***> and 46.9%^<***> higher than Akimidori in the first, second, and third trial, respectively (P<0.001). Excellent palatability in Lude might have a positive effect on the DMI level and could make it higher than it was expected from the DMD level.
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  • Hisatomi HARADA, Yoshihito SUNAGA, Tetsuya HATANAKA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 286-291
    Published: October 31, 1998
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
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    Variety difference of nitrate nitrogen concentration of corn (Zea mays L.) under a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer application was examined using the method developed by Harada et al. (Grassland Science 41, 352-356), that is, nitrate nitrogen concentration of the whole plant on the basis of dry weight could be estimate by multiplying the concentration factor by the dilution factor, defined as follows ; The concentration factor is nitrate nitrogen concentration of the stem on the basis of fresh weight and the dilution factor is dry matter partitioning ratio of the stem divided by dry matter ratio of the stem. Nitrate nitrogen concentration was highly correlated with the concentration factor, but not with the dilution factor. No significant correlation was found between nitrate nitrogen concentration and dry matter yield or nitrogen uptake. Lower concentration factors of the varieties were below 0.05%, and the maximum value of the concentration factor was 2-fold higher than the minimum value. On the other hand, the dilution factor decreased as milkline depression score increased, and there was significant correlation between the dilution factor and the milkline depression score. An average of the dilution factor in yellow ripe stage was below 2. Therefore, nitrate nitrogen accumulation ability of the variety could be evaluated by comparing the concentration factor. Choosing a variety of corn having lower concentration factor could depress nitrate nitrogen concentration to an level of about 0.1% in yellow ripe stage, if nitrogen was fertilized excessively.
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  • Shin-ichiro OGURA, Kazuo SUGAWARA
    Article type: Article
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 292-293
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 294-299
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 300-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 301-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 1-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages Cover8-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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  • Article type: Cover
    1998 Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
    Published: October 31, 1998
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