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Article type: Cover
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
i-iv
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Masakazu Higashiyama, Katsuhisa Shimoda, Kentarou Ikeda
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
215-220
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The effect of cattle grazing on dynamics of tree seedling recruited into Akkamori, Kitakami-sanchi hills and mountains, northern Japan was investigated in order to manage trees in semi-natural grassland. The number, survival rate and height of the seedlings of the dominant three species [Betula ermanii Cham. (54%, the proportion to total numbers), Acer mono Maxim. (25%) and Acer japonicum Thumb. (11%)] were compared in grazed and ungrazed plots from 2003 to 2010. Seven to fifteen Japanese Shorthorn were grazed from June to September on 16.6 ha of semi-natural grassland [8.7 ha of grassland (dominated by Carex spp. and Zoysia japonica Steud.), 5.5 ha of forest (dominated by B. ermanii with many gaps dominated by Z. japonica), and 2.4 ha of scree]. Contrary to Acer spp., the seedling density of B. ermanhi was higher in grazed plots than in ungrazed plots. Both survival rate and height growth of seedlings of three species were lower in grazed plots than in ungrazed plots. In grazed plots, the survival rate of seedlings of B. ermanii, A. mono and A. japonicum became 0% in five, four and three years, respectively. These results demonstrated that cattle grazing prevented establishment of tree seedlings in the semi-natural grassland.
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Tomonori Yara, Yasuhiro Kawamoto
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
221-229
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The pot-grown experiment of sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense [Piper] Stapf cv. Rich sudan, Sg), signalgrass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf cv. Basilisk, Bd), and pangolagrass (Digitaria eriantha Steud. cv. Transvala, Tr) was conducted to determine the optimum application rate of lime (calcium carbonate) and phosphorous fertilizer in red-yellow acid soil in Okinawa, Japan. As the application rate of calcium carbonate increased, the concentration of exchangeable aluminum significantly decreased in the soil. Lime application was highly effective in the growth for Sg, while not for Bd or Tr. The critical level of phosphoric acid application in the soil is required for more than 2.3 and 2.1mg P_2O_5/100 g dry soil for Bd and Tr, respectively.
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Sachiko Itoda, Yoki Asano, Masaaki Kirimura, Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Yasuyu ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
230-240
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A 2-year field experiment was conducted to examine the fertilizing effect of digested effluent of manure (DEM) on growth attributes, dry matter yield, forage quality and nitrogen (N) recovery rate of maize (Zea mays L.)-Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cropping system, compared with application of conventional fertilizer (commercial cattle manure and chemical fertilizer) and sole chemical fertilizer. The DEM solution was applied at three levels : 40, 70 and 100 gN/m^2/year for low, medium and high levels, respectively. The N application level in the chemical and conventional fertilizer treatment were 40 and 69.2 g N/m^2/year, respectively, which were similar to and the same as in the low and medium levels of DEM, respectively. The effect of DEM on growth attributes, yield, forage quality and nitrogen recovery rate of each cropping and total of this cropping system was almost corresponded with that of the chemical fertilizer at the same N application rate. This suggests that DEM can be used in short-term as substitution of fastly effective chemical fertilizer and optimum application rate of DEM should be below 40 gN/m^2/year in the maize-Italian ryegrass cropping system in southern Kyushu.
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Toshiya Saigusa, Yukiko Nishimidhi
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
241-248
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An application rate test was carried out to determine fertilizer recommendation that is suitable for meadow fescue (Festuca Pratensis Huds.) pasture in the eastern part of Hokkaido. One fertilizer recommendation was 72kg N/ha, 96kg P_2O_5/ha and 132 kg K_2O/ha for common pastures, and another was 45kg N/ha, 45kg P_2O_5/ha and 48kg K_2O/ha for timothy (Phleum pratense L.) pastures. Herbage intakes and nutrition contents of grasses and soils at 0-5 cm depths were investigated in 2005-2007 in mixed sown pastures of meadow fescue and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Although an increase in fertilizer application rate resulted in greater herbage mass in 2005, it did not affect herbage intake in 2005-2007. Fertilizer recommendation for common pasture resulted in lower mineral quality of herbage and greater accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in the soil than those in the case of fertilizer recommendation for timothy pasture. Therefore, fertilizer recommendation for timothy pasture maintained the same herbage intake, better herbage quality and stable soil fertility with lower input than those for common pasture. It was concluded that fertilizer recommendation for timothy pastures is appropriate for meadow fescue pastures without trimming with 39mg P_2O_5/100 g of available phosphorus and 29mg K_2O/100 g of exchangeable potassium in soil at 0-5cm depth.
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Kentaro Eguchi, Ikuo Hattori, Kazuhisa Nonaka
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
249-255
Published: January 15, 2013
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In this study, the calibration equations for determining the fermentation quality of sorghum silage extract (135 samples) were investigated. The near infrared (NIR) technique could be used to predict the pH value (R^2=0.84;RPD=2.48), lactic acid content (R^2=0.54;RPD=1.50), total VFA content (R^2=0.90;RPD=3.01), acetic acid+propionic acid (C2+C3) content (R^2=0.85;RPD=2.62), butyric acid+valeric acid+caproic acid (C4-C6) content (R^2=0.63;RPD=1.47) and VBN content (R^2=0.89;RPD=3.00) of sorghum silage extract. These results suggested that the NIR technique could also be used for estimating the pH value, total VFA content, C2+C3 content, and VBN content of sorghum whole crop silage. The accuracies of the calibration equations for the pH value, total VFA content, and C2+C3 content were high for an optical path length of about 4mm, because the corresponding specific wavelengths were narrow and these wavelengths were out of the saturated regions. The accuracy of the calibration equation for the VBN content was high for an optical path length of about 1 mm, because the corresponding specific wavelengths were broad and the saturated regions at this optical path length were small.
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Kentaro Ikeda, Masakazu Higashiyama, Yumi Higashiyama, Mamoru Nashiki
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
256-259
Published: January 15, 2013
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Although the utilization of abandoned paddy fields for cattle grazing is increasing in Japan, grasses introduced into abandoned paddy fields cannot survive long in many cases. Therefore, we established ×Festulolium Braunii pasture under three different soil moisture conditions, i.e. high soil moisture condition (79.7%), middle soil moisture condition (70.9%), and low soil moisture condition (66.1%). Grazing treatment and frequent cutting treatment, which imitated grazing without trampling, was prepared under each condition in order to investigate the influence of cattle trampling on vegetation of ×Festulolium Braunii pasture. Because we assumed that high soil moisture deteriorated the physical soil condition and caused the degradation of pasture by the trampling of grazing cattle, we investigated the soil softness under three different soil moisture conditions. Soil softness in the grazing paddy fields was higher than that of a typical pasture. Moreover, it rose as the soil moisture increased. Under grazing, the coverage of ×Festulolium Braunii decreased and bare land area increased rapidly compared with cutting : Especially in the highest soil moisture condition, the area of bare land increased remarkably. Our studies suggested that the trampling of grazing cattle severely damaged the population of ×Festulolium Braunil in a grazing paddy field.
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Osamu Kawamura
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
260-261
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Ikuo Kobayashi, Kiichi Fukuyama
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
262-265
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Aya Nishiwaki, Yasuyuki Ishii, Sachiko Itoda, Masato Yokota
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
266-268
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Yoshihiro Suzuki, Shinichi Takeshita, Tomoo Sekito, Hitone Inagaki
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
269-276
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Sachiko Idota, Manabu Tobisa, Ryoko Uemura, Yoichiro Horii, Masuo Suey ...
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
277-279
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Nobumi Hasegawa
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
280-283
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
284-288
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
290-291
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
292-293
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2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
296-298
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2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Cover
2013 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages
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