Japanese Journal of Grassland Science
Online ISSN : 2188-6555
Print ISSN : 0447-5933
ISSN-L : 0447-5933
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Volume 60, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Research Papers
  • Forage Potential of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes for an Annual Crop Rotation Combined with Forage Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) in the North Kantoh Area
    Setsuro Sato, Hiro Nakamura, Soichiro Morita, Tsutomu Kanno
    2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 77-84
    Published: July 15, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.60.77
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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    Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the forage potential of eight entries of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from November 2010 to June 2011 and from November 2011 to June 2012 at the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science at Nasushiobara, Tochigi in Japan. The entries consisted of four food cultivars, two dual-purpose (food and forage) lines and two forage cultivars. Entries were sown in early November both in 2010 and 2011. Each following spring, first heading times were recorded and fodder yields, growth parameters and nutrient quality of the entries were determined when they were harvested around the dough stage. Date differences of first heading date between the earliest and the latest entries were ten and seven days in 2011 and 2012, respectively. There were no significant differences in the fodder yields or crude protein (CP) contents among the entries in both harvestings. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were lower and total digestible nutrient (TDN) contents were higher than the values of barley harvested at the dough stage as listed in the Standard Table of Food Composition in Japan, and CP, ADF, NDF and TDN contents were affected by the stem and leaf weights. Column length and panicle weight ratio had strong significant correlation with ADF, NDF and TDN contents, and the strong correlations indicate these growth parameters might be criteria to evaluate the forage quality of barley. The results show that it is feasible to use these food cultivars and dual-purpose lines as forage crops owing to the wide heading times, which alleviate the harvesting labor shortage and to forage yields and quality comparable to those of forage cultivars.
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  • A Technique for Measuring Grazing Cattle Form Using a 3D Digital Camera
    Tamaki Kida, Shigeki Tejima, Fumihiko Tanaka, Toshitaka Uchino
    2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
    Published: July 15, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.60.85
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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    The objective of this study was to estimate the withers height of cattle in public pastures from 3D digital pictures using an image-analysis technique. The 3D pictures of a cattle’s side were used for withers height estimation. The object distance for the cattle was 3 to 5 m, and the camera height was 160 cm.
    Withers height estimation took 3.5 minutes per animal. The actual and estimated withers height of cattle were correlated in both Holstein cattle (r＝0.67) and Japanese Black beef cattle (r＝0.92). The estimated withers height and weight of cattle were also correlated in both Holstein cattle (r＝0.55) and Japanese Black beef cattle (r＝0.83). These results indicate that 3D image analysis is an effective means of evaluating the growth of grazing cattle in pastures.
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  • Nutrient Value and Ruminal Degradability of Whole Crop Silage Prepared from Tachisuzuka as Short Panicle Paddy Rice Cultivar
    Sachio Kono, Shogo Shinde, Noriaki Kanda, Keiko Shirota, Takahiro Fuku ...
    2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 91-96
    Published: July 15, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.60.91
    JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS
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    The objectives were to elucidate the nutritional value and the ruminal degradability of whole crop silage prepared from Tachisuzuka as short panicle cultivar in comparison with that from Kusanohoshi as common cultivar of forage paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). Both whole crop silages were prepared two times through two years, when the digestion trials were carried out with four sheep for the first year and three cows for second, respectively. The digestibility of crude protein, ether extracts and nitrogen free extracts was not different between two rice cultivars, but that of crude fiber and NDFom was greater in Tachisuzuka. Total digestible nutrients value for Tachisuzuka with sheep and cows was greater by 4.3 and 5.7 percentage units than that of Kusanohoshi, respectively. Ruminal effective degradability of dry matter and NDFom in stem plus leaf sheath of Tachisuzuka was greater than that of Kusanohoshi because of less lignin and silica content in the fraction of Tachisuzuka. These results indicated that the nutrient value of whole crop silage from Tachisuzuka is superior to that from Kusanohoshi.
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Short Report
  • Sources of Nitrogen Taken Up by Erianthus arundinaceus (L.) Beauv
    Hisaya Matsunami, Makoto Kobayashi, Shotaro Ando, Yoshifumi Terajima, ...
    2014 Volume 60 Issue 2 Pages 97-101
    Published: July 15, 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: March 18, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.60.97
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    The C4 perennial grasses of the genus Erianthus have received considerable attention as novel energy crops because of their high yield potential and tolerance of environmental stresses. We conducted a field experiment in Nasushiobara city (36°55′N, 139°56′E), Japan. In order to clarify sources of nitrogen taken up by Erianthus, 15N-labelled ammonium sulphate was applied at 90 kgN/ha/yr to 1-year-old plants or to 2-year-old plants after transplanting in June 2009, and these platns received 90 kgN/ha/yr of unlabelled nitrogen in the years following or preceding labelled nitrogen applications. Total nitrogen contents were 76 kgN/ha in 1-year-old plants and 309 kgN/ha in 2-year-old plants. Percent fertilizer-N taken up by 1-year-old plants and 2-year-old plants were 28% and 60%, respectively. In 1-year-old plants, 33% of nitrogen taken up was derived from fertilizer and the remaining 67% from the soil. In 2-year-old plants, 20% of nitrogen taken up was derived from fertilizer, 15% from nitrogen stored in stubble during last winter and 65% from the soil. These results indicate the importance of the soil nitrogen and the stored nitrogen in stubble during winter of the previous year as nitrogen sources for Erianthus.
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Practical Report
Special Feuture
Genetic Diversity of the Genus Miscanthus for Feedstock
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