Japanese Journal of Grassland Science

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages Cover4-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages Toc2-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Toc2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages i-ii
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.i_2

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Relationships between Species Richness, Composition, and Spatial Heterogeneity Measured Using Binary Occurrence Counts, Cover, and Biomass in Grassland Vegetation

Jun Chen, Yoshimichi Hori, Yasuo Yamamura, Masae Shiyomi

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 115-122
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.115

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We measured the species richness, species composition, and spatial distribution of vegetation in two semi-natural grasslands that differed in grazing intensity and were dominated by Zoysia japonica. We established 100 10×10-cm quadrats every 50cm along a 50-m transect in each grassland and used the following three survey methods : (1) each quadrat was divided into four 5×5-cm cells, the species present in each cell were recorded, and the binary occurrence (present/absent) of each species per cell was determined ; (2) the cover of each species in each quadrat was measured using a point-grid plate with 100 points arrayed at 1-cm intervals in a lattice formation ; and (3) all plants in each quadrat were harvested, classified by species, and weighed the dry mass of each species. We compared measurments of species richness, species composition, and spatial heterogeneity among the three methods to determine whether the observed occurrence counts and cover measures accurately estimated the biomass. The binary counts underestimated the dominance of abundant species and overestimated rare species compared to cover and biomass measurements. Biomass and its associated spatial heterogeneity index could be estimated with considerably high precision using cover or occurrence counts. In addition, spatial heterogeneity was strongly correlated with associated values of biomass, cover, and occurrence counts and could therefore be estimated from any of these three measurments.

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Effects of Nitrogen Form of NH_4^+ and NO_3^- on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Seedlings Grown in Water Culture

Daisuke Hirose

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 123-127
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.123

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Alfalfa seedlings were grown with 10, 20, 30 or 40ppm ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen, and the dry weight, root length and peroxidase activities of roots were measured. The dry weight and root length in ammonium nitrogen-treated plots were significantly greater than those in nitrate nitrogen-treated plots at concentrations up to 20 ppm, but there were no significant differences at concentrations of 30 and 40 ppm. The development of roots in nitrate nitrogen-treated plots was significantly greater when compared with ammonium nitrogen-treated plots at 30 and 40 ppm. The peroxidase activities of roots in ammonium nitrogen-treated plots were significantly higher than those in nitrate nitrogen-treated plots at all nitrogen concentrations up to 40 days after sowing. Peroxidase activity of roots in both ammonium and nitrate nitrogen-treated plots at 20 ppm was higher than at 30 and 40 ppm. These results suggest that root development is inhibited by high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, probably due to differences in absorption capacity.

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Survival and Growth of Grass Seedlings on Large Cattle Dung-Cakes Mixed with the Seeds on a Bamboo Litter Layer

Eiki Fukuda

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 128-133
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.128

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Cattle dung was mixed with grass seeds to form large cattle dung-cakes. The effectiveness of these dung-cakes as germination sites and nursery beds was evaluated. The growth and survival of grass seedlings on the dung-cakes, which were placed on a litter layer, were compared with those that were surface-sown and that emerged on the litter layer of a cut-over area of bamboo woodland, under grazing conditions for one year. Dome-shaped dung-cakes of 12.5cm diameter, 2.1cm height, and 220 g weight were formed by mixing freshly-deposited cattle dung and seeds of Dactylis glomerata L. In September, these dung-cakes were placed on the litter layer and the seeds were directly surface-sown. The number and height of overwintering seedlings were measured the following March. Plant height and covering area were measured in May and again in September. The number, plant height, and covering area of the seedlings were all significantly higher on the dung-cakes than on the litter layer for each measurement month. This means that the survival and growth of D. glomerata seedlings were much better on the dung-cakes than those on the litter layers. It is concluded that the large dung-cakes are suitable germination and nursery beds for grass seeds and seedlings on litter layers.

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Analysis of Strongly Influencing Factor on Plant Dry Mass Estimation Using the Rising Plate Meter Method in Zoysia-dominated Grassland

Hajime Tomimatsu, Shiro Itano, Michio Tsutsumi

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.134

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A factor that strongly influences the residual error (e_i) of the linear regression equation of top mass on the rising plate meter (RPM) value was detected using a partition analysis, and the points to be considered when we presume plant mass using the RPM were examined. We obtained the newly linear regression equation, and the influence level that the excluded factor gave the regression was verified by the comparison with former equation. The ratio of dead plant matter mass to the total above ground mass was the factor that most strongly influenced the et of the live mass ; therefore, study in early spring, when there is a high proportion of dead plant matter mass to the total mass, should be avoided for calibration. Furthermore, the RPM value dichotomized at 8.4. When the RPM value was less than 8.4, a highly accurate linear regression equation was obtained for the live mass. Conversely, when the RPM value exceeded 8.4, no usable linear regression equation was obtained for the live mass. The e_i of the total mass strongly depended on the e_i of the dead mass. It was difficult to identify factors influencing the e_i of the dead mass based on the variables examined in this study. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the measurement accuracy of dead plant parts to improve the total mass estimation using the RPM.

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Fermentation Quality of Purple Corn Silage

Kentaro Eguchi, Ikuo Hattori, Akira Sawai, Masanori Muraki, Kenji Sato

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 141-143
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.141

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Corn silage is Japan's most common preserved feed. Purple corn, which accumulates anthocyanin in ears and stems, is anticipated for use as whole crop silage. It is expected to offer benefits attributable to its free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidative activity. Nevertheless, no reports have described its fermentation properties. By assessing its pH, organic acid constituents, VBN, and V 2-score under artificial conditions, we found that fermentation qualities of purple corn and normal corn silage are equivalent, suggesting purple corn's usefulness as silage. Preliminary studies of anthocyanin contents in purple corn silage show anthocyanin retention in the silage after storage.

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Fermentation Quality of Wheat Silage Prepared by Exclusive Machines for Whole Crop Rice Silage

Naoko Moriya, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Yimin Cai, Norio Yoshida

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 144-147
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.144

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We investigated the fermentation quality of whole-crop wheat. The wheat was harvested three times during the period from the early stage of the milk state to the dough stage. As the wheat ripened, both the dry matter yield and content significantly increased. For each ripening stage, the wheat was ensiled in round bale by inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. All of the wheat silage contained a high amount of lactic acid and a low amount of acetic acid. At the dough stage, the wheat was also ensiled with two different round balers, a combine-type harvester and a flail-chopper-type harvester, without inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. The quality of the wheat silage prepared with the combine-type harvester contained butyric acid, whereas the wheat silage prepared with the flail-chopper-type harvester contained no butyric acid.

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Effects of a Total Mixed Ration Containing Dried Sweet Potato on Dry Matter Intake, Rumen Fermentation, and Lactation Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows

Manabu Yokoyama, Mitsuo Tsubaki, Souhei Asaoka, Taketoshi Umeda, Yasuh ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 148-152
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.148

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This study aimed to determine the effects of a total mixed ration (TMR) containing dried sweet potato on the dry matter intake, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein cows in late lactation were used in a 2×2 crossover design to examine the effect of 2 TMRs : 1) DSP-TMR containing dried sweet potato(DSP) (8.6% on a dry matter basis) and 2) FB-TMR containing flaked barley (FB) (10% on a dry matter basis). The cows were housed in a free-stall barn. There were no statistical differences in mean daily dry matter intake, ruminal pH and protozoal number or mole percentage of rumen volatile fatty acids and A/P ratio between the treatments. Though there were no statistical differences in milk yield and milk fat%, milk protein% tended to be higher in the FB than the DSP. These results suggested that DSP was equal to FB in mean daily dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat%, and rumen fermentation. However, from the viewpoint of milk protein%, there is room for improvement of feeding value of DSP.

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Grazing Use of Wasted Mulberry Plantation in Minamisanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture : Forage availability and chemical composition of mulberry (Morus sp.) leaves, and behavior and healthiness of beef cattle

Shin-ichiro Ogura, Shusuke Sato, Shigefumi Tanaka, Hidetoshi Sugawara, ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 153-159
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.153

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Introduction(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Shin-ichi Sugita

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 160-161
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.160

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The Research Task for the Development of the Japanese Livestock Farming(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Koichi Kurihara

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 162-167
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.162

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Environmental Evaluation of Self-supplying Feed Production with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Atsuo Ikeguchi

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 168-173
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.168

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Roughage Production Utilizing Paddy Field(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Chizuko Kanaya

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 174-177
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.174

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Future Prospects of TMR Center Based on Self-supplying Feed(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Shigeru Shioya

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 178-181
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.178

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A Novel Feeding System Mainly Utilized by Domestic Grass Resources and Grazing in Beef Cattle(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Takafumi Gotoh, Tetsuji Etoh, Yuji Shiotsuka, Keisuke Hayashi, Tomiko ...

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 182-194
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.182

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Animal Welfare in the Sustainable Animal Husbandry System(<Special Feature>Contribution of Animal and Grassland Research for Solution of Problem in Food Supply and Environmental Conservation)

Shusuke Sato

Article type: Article
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 195-200
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.195

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 201-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.201

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages 203-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.203

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages App4-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages App5-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App5

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages App6-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.App6

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages Cover5-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover5

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2008 Volume 54 Issue 2 Pages Cover6-
Published: July 15, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.54.Cover6

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