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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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M. SAITO
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
1-2
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T. MATSUYAMA, H. NAKAGAWANISHI, H. SAWAMURA, T. OGINO
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
2-8
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Tatsuro MATSUMOTO, Norio ABE, Minoru HAYAKAWA
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
8-12
Published: April 30, 1963
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Variations of total available carbohydrate contents in orchards grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), ladino clover (Trifolium repens L. race giganteum) and white clover (Trifolium repens L. var. sylvestre) were examined. The herbage samples were reaped at 9 A.M. or 3 P.M. and were dried promptly in a ventilated oven at 60〜70℃. Before drying, ladino clover was divided into two parts, leaflet and petiole, and white clover was divided into three parts, leaflet, petiole and flower head. Each part was weighed and percentage of each constituent was calculated. It was then ground finely and chemically analyzed. The samples, reaped at 3 P.M. contained much more total available carbohydrate than the samples reaped at 9 A.M.. Both of grass and legumes contained much more total available carbohydrate in June than in May. Highly significant negative correlation was proved between the content of total available carbohydrate and crude protein in both leaflet and petiole of legumes. On the other hand, correlation between the content of total available carbohydrate and crude fiber was apparently insignificant.
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Takeshi HASHIMOTO, Minoru IKEDA
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
12-16
Published: April 30, 1963
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Cassia mimosoides L. var. Nomamc Makino was grown on four plots: two applied with or without calcium fertilizers, the other two with or without magnesium ones. Swelling velocity of seeds was surveyed and the contents of basic nutrients were quantitatively determined by the method as described in the previous paper. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The applications of such calcium materials as gypsum or calcium carbonate increased obviously the potassium contents of both parts of seeds, cotyledons and seed-coats, in particular remarkably those of the latter. 2) The applications of calcium increased the swelling velocity of seeds. 3) The applications of Epsom salt decreased the potassium contents of seeds at the trial of the first year, but increased in the second year. 4) The applications of magnesium decreased the swelling velocity in the first year, but increased in the second year. 5) From these results it is clear that the swelling velocity of seeds is increased when the applications of calcium and magnesium fertilizers increase the potassium contents of seed-coats, and vice versa.
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Fumio IWATA, Toshiyuki KIBE
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
17-21
Published: April 30, 1963
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Investigations on the changes in yields and the decay in number of plants due to the summer depression of growth of some northern type grasses and legumes in Seto-uchi district were carried out in 1959〜62. Six kinds of grasses and legumes were tested; namely, ladino clover, red clover, alfalfa, orchard grass, Kentucky 31 fescue and reed canary-grass. Fertilizers were applied as shown in Table 1. The results were as follows: (1) As shown in Table 3 and Fig. 2, in most of the species, yields in the 3rd year declined to 50%〜70% of those in the 1st. (2) In the relative decay in number of plants due to the summer depression of growth, there were distinct differences among the crops as shown in Table 4. The number of plants in stands of alfalfa, Ky. 31 fescue and reed canarygrass was superior to that of all others and good stands remained throughout the period. (3) Heavy application of fertilizer exerted harmful influences upon the persistency of ladino clover, red clover and orchard grass which were sensitive to the summer depression of growth.
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Naoki NAMBA
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
21-28
Published: April 30, 1963
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ETSUYUKI IWATA
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
28-33
Published: April 30, 1963
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The study was carried out on the leaf folding property of orchard grass cultivated in Morioka City. In this study the author observed the structure and development of motor cells, and measured water contents of leafblades, soil moistures and transpiration rates in the folding feature. The motor cells distributed along the midrib of the leafblade from top to base, and well developed on the lower leaves in a plant, and at the basal part in a leaf. The development of them seemed to be accelerated by light. With the seedlings, the motor cells were scarcely found on the first leaf, and developed typically on the 10th or upper leaves. The well developed motor celles were constructed of bulliform cells belonging to upper epidermis and of colorless cells originated in mesophyll. All of these cells markedly changed in their forms by folding. Under normal conditions soil moisture (% of water holding capacity) was about 44%, the leaves expanded and water contents of them were 85〜90%, but at the beginning and finishing stages of folding, the values changed to 60〜65, and about 50% respectively. Soil moistures at these times were 22.1 and 18.7%. Under more dried conditions the leaves wilted permanently and the roots died. The transpiration of orchard grass was controlled by folding, the effect was more conspicuous in the daytime than at night. The transpiration rates of folded leaves were about 70% of unfolded leaves in the whole day.
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S. KAWANABE, K. YOSHIHARA, T. OKADA, M. UENO, M. HIDAKA
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
34-41
Published: April 30, 1963
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Beneficial effects of removing flower buds with stalks upon the growth of stolons, leaves, and roots of ladino clover were studied. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, dry weights of plant top and root, length and node number of lateral stolons, plant height, leaf length, internode length and diameter of stolon node of the spaced plants were measured 21 days after the treatment. Dry weights of roots and stolons, especially that of lateral stolons, increased apparently by the treatment, while dry weight of leaves was scarcely influenced. Increments of dry weights of roots and stolons of the treated plants were about the same as those of flower heads and stalks of the untreated plants. These data suggest that flower development occurred at the expense of root and stolon development. In both of the treated and untreated plants, reduction of plant height, leaf length, internode length and diameter of stolons were noted for 1〜3 nodes from the flowering node toward the top, and the reduction was the most conspicuous in internode length. It is considered that the reduction in both of the treated and untreated plants indicated that inhibitory effect of reproductive development upon vegetative one appeared from the early stage of flower formation, and that the removal of buds at the growth stage of 2〜3cm in bud length could not completely restrain the influence of reproductive development. In the second experiment, the influence of removing buds every five days from April to October upon plant height, number of stolon and green yield was investigated. Number of stolons and green yield increased in October by the treatment, though summer depression occurred in both of the treated and untreated plants. The authors would like to note that unfortunately some injury was done to the leaves during the technical operation, which might have reduced the favourable results of the treatment. The conclusion drawn from these results is that reproductive development considerably inhibited vegetative development, though flower bud removal at this stage did not bring much increase in green yield.
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Shoji UESAKA, Akira MIYAZAKI
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
41-47
Published: April 30, 1963
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(1) The nitrate contents in the following plants were determined, i.e. timothy, orchard grass, Italian ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, red top, alfalfa, ladino clover, red clover, common vetch, hairy vetch, soiling oats, soiling corn, perennial hay and oat silage. (2) The determination of nitrate in forage was done by the colorimetric method, outlined by Morris, M.P. et al. (1958) which was a modification of the method published by Swann, M.H. et al. (1956). (3) The nitrate contents in grasses were 0.25〜1,24% as KNO_3 in dry matter, and those in legumes were 0.35〜1.59%. In the green oats, the nitrate contents were mostly 0.62〜2.52% as KNO_3 in dry matter with an exceptional case of 7.59%. The nitrate contents in both perennial hay and oat silage were little and about 0.6% as KNO_3 in dry matter. (4) In early stages of development of green oats and corn, there was much nitrate in the leaves and were 7.29% and 6.2〜8.1% as KNO_3 in dry matter respectively. As the plants grew. those contents decreased and became 1.1% and 0.6〜0.8% respectively. In early stages of development of the plants, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen to total nitrogen was very high and over 25% in every plant, but as the plant grew, this ratio decreased to about 5%.
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S. UESAKA, A. MIYAZAKI
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
48-51
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T. KONDO
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
51-56
Published: April 30, 1963
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M. SAKURAI, M. HIROSE, T. SANADA, S. KUMAI
Article type: Article
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
56-60
Published: April 30, 1963
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Studies were made to clarify the effect of application of the fungicide to the storage of forages under various conditions. The results were as follows: 1) The respiration of plants, fermentation and molding were inhibited by the addition of SH-bond inhibitor to the storage. 2) Sugar content and drymatter weight of forages under the treatment showed no change. 3) Forages having 30〜50% moisture contents were stored under various conditions. By the addition of the fungicide they were maintained well and utilizable by animals in place of hay. 4) Forages with high protein contents were also stored in good condition by the addition of the fungicide. 5) Chloropiclin is economical and more effective to the purpose than any other kind of SH-bond inhibitors.
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Article type: Bibliography
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
61-63
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Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
64-67
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Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1963 Volume 9 Issue 1 Pages
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