-
Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
Cover7-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
Toc3-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
App6-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
App7-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Kouichi Sato, Katsuharu Saito, Kazuo Sugawara
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
333-340
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Effects of phosphate fertilization on symbiotic associations between white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated. In sown grassland fertilized at three phosphate levels (-P, P, 2P), we examined the percentages of root length colonization (%RLC) with three different AMF staining methods, i.e. colonized mycelium (TB%), active energy metabolism mycelium (SDH%) and active phosphate metabolism mycelium (ALP%); and analyzed AMF community structures using PCR-DGGE. The %RLCs generally decreased with increasing fertilization level. The peak of TB% was detected following peaks of SDH% and ALP% which were activated immediately after defoliation. Effects of phosphate fertilization were particularly significant at these peaks. ALP%/SDH% showed a negative correlation with phosphorus concentration of white clover. AMF community structure analysis sequenced ten prominent DGGE bands (DGGE_TR1-10). Most of the bands belonged to Glomus genus. DGGE_TR3 (Glomus-B group) band was dominant regardless of both phosphate fertilization levels and sampling dates, while DGGE_TR5 and DGGE_TR10 (Glomus-Ad group) bands were apparent in 2P treatment. Other species were unlikely to be significantly affected by phosphate fertilization. The results show that phosphate fertilization had a clear effect on ALP% at the initial stage of plant growth and right after defoliation, with no significant effects on AMF community structures.
View full abstract
-
Hideyuki Inomata, Muhtar Qong, Yasuo Suzuki, Megumi Fukuma
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
341-347
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Grasslands in the Aso Pastureland have contributed to natural resources of grazing and tourism, and have been maintained by human activities such as controlled burning, mowing and grazing. Recently, since it is a nationwide trend that the population in the rural area has decreased with increased average age, the above efforts necessary for conserving semi-natural grasslands in the Aso Pastureland have not been sufficiently executed. Usually, cooperative works of controlled burning are carried out around the later half of March every year. Therefore, by analyzing satellite image data obtained in early April, we may judge whether the grassland was burned or not. Actually, the control-burned grasslands are able to be clearly identified, for example, from the false color image of Landsat TM data processed as R: Band5, G: Band4, B: Band3. And the total area value can be also derived by counting the number of the pixels which are classified into the class of control-burned grassland. The obtained results are as follows. (1)The area of control-burned grassland in the Aso District in 1997 was decreased by about 20% from that in 1989. (2)The averaged area of control-burned grassland in the Aso District in these several years (from 1997 to 2003) was about twelve thousands hectares.
View full abstract
-
Kenji Okumura, Masahito Inafuku, Kaori Kouki, Masumi Ebina
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
348-353
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
We evaluated the effect of overseeding of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into a guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) pasture on winter forage production in the subtropical southwestern islands of Japan. In Trial 1, five cultivars of Italian ryegrass, ranging from extremely early- to middle-maturity types, were sown in late December. A very early cultivar 'Sachiaoba' showed highest dry matter yields in both the first and second cuttings in spring. At the third cutting in early summer, all Italian ryegrass cultivars had already died and had no influence on the yield of guineagrass. In Trial 2, 'Sachiaoba' was sown on 4 dates between late November and late December (27 November, 6, 16 and 26 December). Although overseeding date did not affect the total dry matter yield at the first cutting, delayed overseeding increased the percentage of Italian ryegrass from 23 (27 November) to 91% (26 December). The latest seeding date (26 December) allowed 30 more days for guineagrass to grow than the earliest date (27 November). The results show that overseeding a very early-maturity cultivar of Italian ryegrass after mid-December is most effective in increasing forage production from a dormant guineagrass pasture in the lowtemperature season.
View full abstract
-
Toshiya Saigusa, Shigeki Tejima, Yasuo Ogawa, Shun Takahashi
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
354-361
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
This study evaluated continuous grazing of a mixed sward of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as a labor-saving management in the central region of Hokkaido. Performance of Holstein steers (mean initial body weight, 200kg; age, 6 months) continuously grazing the sward (target plant length, 10-20cm) was compared with that under rotational grazing. By maintaining herbage mass above 50kg per 100kg of body weight, animal performance under continuous grazing (daily body weight gain of 0.8-0.9kg and body weight gain per hectare of 800-900kg) was comparable to that under rotational grazing. For body weight of 500kg, grazing capacity of 500-600 cow-days/ha should be possible.
View full abstract
-
Toshiya Saigusa, Shigeki Tejima, Yasuo Ogawa, Shun Takahashi
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
362-368
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Continuous grazing of a mixed sward of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) as a labor-saving management in the central region of Hokkaido was evaluated in terms of herbage productivity and vagetation characteristics under grazing of Holstein steers (mean initial body weight, 200kg; age, 6 months). The herbage growth rate during 2 weeks after cutting at a 3cm height showed little seasonal variation (4.4 to 5.6g/m^2/day), indicating that the sward is suitable for continuous grazing. The TDN and CP content of herbage increased with the introduction of white clover. The dry weight of Kentucky bluegrass accounted for about 50% of herbage mass, and the rhizome length was about 340m/m^2. Prediction of botanical composition dynamics using the Markovian model indicated that the stability of Kentucky bluegrass is high. Based on the vegetation results and the previously reported animal performance, it is concluded that Kentucky bluegrass and white clover mixture is suitable for labor-saving grazing in Hokkaido.
View full abstract
-
Masahiro Takagi, Yasuhiro Sugimoto
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
369-373
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Nitrate concentrations of streams run off from small basins with young plantation grazed by Japanese Black cattle were studied in two areas: practically in the Morotuka village and experimentally in the Miyazaki University Forest in Miyazaki Prefecture. In the experimental areas, the nitrate concentrations of grazed basins were not always higher than ungrazed basins. In the practical areas, the nitrate concentrations of grazed basins were usually higher than ungrazed basins.
View full abstract
-
Chuncheng Xu, Yimin Cai, Naoko Moriya, Masahiro Amari, Norio Yoshida, ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
374-378
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict chemical compositions of forage paddy rice silage samples (n=116). Eighty-six samples were selected for calibration development, and remaining samples were used for equation validation. Accuracy of prediction was evaluated by correlation coefficients (r) and standard deviation of prediction (SDP). NIRS accurately predicted crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), organic cellular contents (OCC), organic cell wall (OCW) and low digestible fiber (Ob) contents of samples, but prediction of high digestible fiber (Oa) was markedly less accurate. The r and SDP values for CP, DM, CA, OCW, OCC and Ob were respectively 0.97 and 0.43, 0.97 and 0.29, 0.98 and 0.73, 0.98 and 2.33, 0.98 and 2.82, and 0.99 and 1.86. The results indicate that CP, DM, CA, OCW, OCC and Ob contents in forage paddy rice silage can be predicted by using NIRS techniques with an acceptable accuracy.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi Hiraoka, Yasunari Yamamoto, Shuji Urakawa, Harutoshi Yamada, S ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
379-384
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB) produced from whole rice crop was fractionated into bacterial cells and cell-free supernatant, and additive effects of the fractions on the fermentation quality of silage were investigated. Micro biota of FJLB and silages with and without FJLB were also identified. Addition of the bacterial cells greatly improved silage quality, by increasing lactic acid and decreasing butyric acid. The cell-free supernatant, on the contrary, did not improve fermentation quality of silage. The micro biota in the FJLB changed distinctly with incubation time, with the major species being Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum after 2 days, and L. fermentum and L. plantarum after 5 days of incubation. For the silages, the major species were Enterococcus mundtii and L. lactis subsp. lactis in the control (no addition of fractions), and L. plantarum with the FJLB.
View full abstract
-
Hiroki Matsuyama, Shigeru Shioya, Takehiro Nishida, Kenji Hosoda, Erud ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
385-389
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
The nutritive value of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) as whole crop silage was determined using Holstein steers. The rice varieties were Kusayutaka, Hamasari and Kusahonami, all harvested at yellow ripeness. The moisture contents of whole crop silages were high, with the average of 70.3%. They were of good fermentation quality, as indicated by the average V-scorc of 97.7 point, due to the addition of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus planlarum, Chikuso-1). Digestibility and nutritive value of silage did not significantly differ among the three rice varieties. The average concentrations of total digestible nutrients and metabolizable energy were 51.4% and 8.1 MJ/kgDM, respectively. In addition, there were no significant differences in total chewing time of silage, with the average of 81.6min/kgDM. Therefore, as far as the whole crop rice silages used in this experiment were concerned, digestibility and nutritive value were little affected by the varieties.
View full abstract
-
Eri Kasai, Tohru Sasaki, Hiroshi Okazaki
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
390-397
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) infected with the endophyte Neotyphodium uncinatum contains loline alkaloids that are not found in the uninfected grass or the fungus alone. The presence of loline alkaloids protects the plants from some insect pests. In this study, accumulation of N-formylloline (NFL) and N-acetylloline (NAL) in Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) and F. pratensis plants inoculated with N. uncinatum was followed from pre-overwintering (early winter) to seed-formation stage (summer). Loline concentrations were low in winter and increased toward the flowering stage. Generally, meadow fescue showed higher NFL and NAL concentrations than Italian ryegrass (about 2,000 vs. 1,400ppm NFL and about 450 vs. 80ppm NAL at the flowering stage). However, for seeds, one Italian ryegrass plant showed a NFL concentration (5,844ppm) comparable to that in meadow fescue (1,698-6,260ppm).
View full abstract
-
Junichi Yonemaru, Akito Kubota, Yasufumi Ueyama
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
398-404
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
The objective of this study was to obtain information about the adaptability of Italian ryegrass (IR), Westerwolds ryegrass (WWR) and festulolium to the Tohoku region. Fourteen cultivars of the three grass species introduced from north and east European countries were tested in autumn and spring transplantation experiments. All WWR cultivars had high spring habit (greater than 31.1%) and low adaptability to winter of the Tohoku region. In the spring transplantation experiment, regrowth vigor after summer was negatively correlated with spring habit. However, "Limella", characterized as having higher spring habit, showed good regrowth vigor and had a pattern that was entirely distinct from the other WWR cultivars in both experiments. All foreign IR cultivars showed later maturity than Japanese mid-maturity cultivar "Nagaha-hikari" and no spring habit. "Fredrik" showed the best snow survival but less than optimal spring growth vigor. These characteristics suggest that "Fredrik" partly consists of hereditary determinants derived from species other than IR. Festulolium cultivars had high adaptability to winter and their regrowth after summer was the best among the three species. In particular, "Sulino" showed the highest regrowth vigor and also showed crown rust resistance.
View full abstract
-
Tomotsugu Takahashi, Shin-ichiro Ogura, Kazuo Sugawara
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
405-407
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Yoshio Momoze, Takuo Hara, Manabu Tsuchiya, Eiji Sodeyama, Haruhiko Wa ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
408-411
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
412-415
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
416-418
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
419-421
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
422-423
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
424-425
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
426-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
App8-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
App9-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
Cover8-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
-
Article type: Cover
2006 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages
Cover9-
Published: January 15, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
JOURNAL
OPEN ACCESS
