Japanese Journal of Grassland Science

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages Cover13-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.Cover13

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.Cover14

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages App10-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.App10

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Early Screening Methods in Orchardgrass Breeding : I. Characteristics of Young Seedlings and their Response to Daylength

Shigeto OTAKE, Hirotaka TANAKA, Sadao HOJITO

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 241-246
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.241

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In order to evaluate abilities of plantmaterials as early as possible in breeding programmes of orchardgrass, four groups (eight varieties) of orchardgrass with different places of origin and different harvest years were sown in seedling cases in May and August, 1967. After 2nd leaf stages, plants were kept under three daylength conditions, namely ; short day (8hrs of day light), long day (8hrs of natural day light and 8hrs of supplemental fluorescent light) and control (outdoors). Some traits of young seedlings were measured within two monthes after sowing. 1. Effects of daylength appeared even during young seedling stages, so that under long day conditions, leaves elongated greatly, while rates of leaf and tiller appearance delayed, resulting in decrease of total leaf no. and tiller no. and that vice versa under short day conditions. Only Portuguese diploid from Mediterranean area responded differently, making leaf elongation quite well even under short day conditions. 2. It was considered that leaf length (or plant height), total leaf no. and total tiller no. were suitable traits for young seedling test, in consideration of easiness of measurements. Leaf width was also considered important, for varietal differences appeared distinctly in this traits, notwithstandings least effects of daylength. 3. It seemed to be necessary to check vigours of seeds previously, for some plants from old seeds made poor growth in the present experiments. 4. Hereby, it might be useful means for early screening methods in forage grass breeding, to keep young seedlings growing under constant daylength conditions, because such conditions will make it easier to detect varietal differences and they also will have, to some extent, repeatabilities of the experiments.

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Physiological and Ecological Studies on the Regrowth of Herbage Plants : 16. Effect of the stage of development on the regrowth of several grasses grown under the fixed temperature conditions

Yoichi NADA, Kaoru EHARA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 247-253
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.247

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In order to estimate the changes in dry weight of regrowth with the development of stage and to clarify its mechanism, 8 species of grass were defoliated at several stages of development, and kept in phytotron for 3 weeks under fixed temperatures for each species. It was found that the changes in dry weight of regrowth with the development of stage, differed in species of grass, and could be classified into four patterns. 1) The dry weight of regrowth decreased with the development of stage. (oats, Italian ryegrass) 2) The dry weight of regrowth decreased at heading and ripening stage, and was great before and after these stages. (perennial ryegrass, timothy, orchardgrass, Rhodesgrass) 3) The dry weight of regrowth increased with the development of stage. (bahiagrass) 4) The dry weight of regrowth increased at middle period of growth, and was small before and after this period. (Dallisgrass) It was shown that the dry weight of regrowth was decided by both dry weight of root and stubble at the defoliation and rate of regrowth. And in case of this experiment, the changes in dry weight of regrowth with the development of stages were affected mainly by the rate of regrowth.

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Physiological and Ecological Studies on the Regrowth of Herbage Plants : 17. Relation of the chemical composition of root and stubble, and the state of tillers to the regrowth of several herbage grasses with the development of stage

Yoichi NADA, Kaoru EHARA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 254-262
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.254

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In order to study the mechanism of regrowth with the development of stage, the reserve carbohydrate of root and stubble, and nitrogen content of stubble at defoliation were measured. It was found that the changes in dry weight of regrowth with the development of stage was similar to those of nitrogen percentages in stubble. From the result, it was supposed that the stage which was suitable for regrowth meant the stage which contained large numbers of nitrogen rich tillers, i.e., young tillers. For this reason, the state of tiller at defoliation was investigated. Results obtained were as follows. 1) In case of oats and Italian ryegrass, stem internodes elongated simultaneously, and new tillers stopped to initiate after heading stage. So, the vegetative tillers decreased with the development of stage. As a result, the dry weight of regrowth of oats and Italian ryegrass decreased with the development of stage. 2) In case of timothy and orchardgrass, stem internodes elongated simultaneously, and new tillers stopped to initiate at heading stage, but after that, initiated again. As a result, the dry weight of regrowth of timothy and orchardgrass was least at the heading and ripening stage, and was great before and after these stages. 3) In case of perennial ryegrass and Rhodesgrass, stem internodes elongated simultaneously, but new tillers initiated constantly over all stages. As a result, the dry weight of regrowth of perennial ryegrass and Rhodesgrass was least at the heading and ripening stage, and was great before and after these stages. 4) In case of bahiagrass, stem internodes did not elongate simultaneousely, and new tiller initiated constantly over all stages. As a result, the dry weight of regrowth of bahiagrass increased with the development of stage. 5) In case of Dallisgrass, stem internodes did not elongate simultaneously, and new tiller stopped to initiate at late period of growth. As a result, the dry weight of regrowth of Dallisgrass increased at middle period of growth, and was small before and after this period.

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Physiological and Ecological Studies on the Regrowth of Herbage Plants : 18. The effect of top dressing and mutual shading on the regrowth of several herbage grasses with the development of stage

Yoichi NADA, Kaoru EHARA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 263-267
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.263

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In order to study the effect of top dressing of N. P. K fertilizer and mutual shading on the dry weight of regrowth of oats and Rhodesgrass with the development of stage, top dressing treatment, simulated population treatment and control were arranged in the experiment. Dry weight of regrowth was higher at top dressing treatment than the other treatment in both grasses. Dry weight of regrowth of oats decreased with the development of stage at all treatments, and top dressing and mutual shading had no effect on the regrowth of oats at special stage. As to Rhodesgrass, dry weight of regrowth was lower at vegetative stage, and higher at maturing stage, and almost the same degree at internode elongation stage, heading stage and ripening stage in all treatments. So the pattern of dry weight of regrowth was similar at all treatments. But at vegetative stage of Rhodesgrass in simulated population treatment, the dry weight of regrowth was very little. It was supposed that the causes of this phenomenon was as follows. 1. T.A.C. content was lower at vegetative and internode elongation stages of simulated population treatment than the other stages. 2. Vegetative tillers were smaller in number at vegetative and internode elongation stages of simulated population treatment than the other plots. 3. In all treatments, there was no dry weight of regrowth by new tillers at vegetative stage. At vegetative stage of Rhodesgrass in simulated population treatment, all these causes were piled up, and the dry weight of regrowth at this stage was very little.

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Dry Matter Production of Alfalfa in High Land Region of Central Japan

Ryosaku ISHIDA, Sukeo KAWANABE, Muneo OIKAWA, Masaaki USHIYAMA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 268-274
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.268

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In this experiment, the dry matter production of Alfalfa was studied with the method of growth analysis, concerning the weather of high land region of Central Japan. The experiment was carried out, one in June-July and another in Sept.-Oct., the former was for 59 days from June 4th and the latter was 57 days from Sept. 4th in 1968. These were started after Alfalfa was clipped at two levels of height namely, 7cm and 15cm, from ground level, and the growth was examined 8 times at the interval of 7-14 days in each experiment. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) For 57 or 59 days after clipping, the dry matter increased about 500-515m/m^2 in June-July, and 210-340g/m^2 in Sept.-Oct. Both RGR and CGR were higher in June-July. 2) This difference between two seasons was mainly caused by the fact that NAR in fall was lower about 30-60% than it was in June, also RLGR was low in fall and LAI reached a maximum earlier than June, and decreased rapidly because of defoliation. 3) The reason of low NAR in fall was considered to be caused partly by the low temperature of daytime and short duration of sunshine under the short days compared with those in June and July. 4) Comparing with high clipping at 15cm, dry matter in stubble and root decreased more severely by low clipping at 7cm in June. Also leaf area in stubble at clipping date was less and the regrowth after clipping was inferior in 7cm clipping. But the dry matter yield in both 7cm and 15cm clipping differed only a little because RGR of regrowth was higher in 7cm clipping and dry matter amounted nearly to the same degree. So, if Alfalfa is clipped with long interval, the regrowth and dry matter production would not be inferior in low clipping.

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Studies on the Fermentation of Silage : I. Changes with passage of time in the fermentation process of high moisture silage

Yoshihiro MEYA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 275-278
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.275

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Fermentation process of silage was investigated to obtain fundamental informations by using orchardgrass (moisture content of 85.5%), and red clover (87.2%). Fermentation of orchardgrass passed a similar process as was reported by GOUET, and GREENHILL. On the contrary, red clover squeezed out its plant juice soon after ensiling so that the active fermentation of lactic acid began more than 30 hours later than orchardgrass. Moreover, fairly high content of lactic acid was maintained during ensiling. There was observed a large difference in fermentation process between two crops.

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Studies on the Fermentation of Silage : II. Effects of moisture contents and air suctions on the process of the silage fermentation

Yoshihiro MEYA

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 279-284
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.279

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Fermentation process of silage made of orchardgrass which moisture contents were 81.1 (High), 72.8 (Medium), and 48.1% (Low), and of red clover, 87.2 (High I), and 76.3% (High II) was studied. After these materials were ensiled in small vinyl silos, air in the silo was sucked by a vacuum pump to keep the pressure at 3 levels, 35mmHg, 45mmHg, and no suction, respectively. 1. In orchardgrass, content of lactic acid in silage was highest in medium moisture material. Formation of lactic acid was suppressed both in high and low moisture materials. This trends was more clear under air sucked silos and there was not so clear effect of moisture level in no-sucked silo. Content of lactic acid in red clover was higher than that of orchardgrass for all moisture treatments and there was not so much difference among treatments. For all moisture levels, the more the air was sucked from silo, the more lactic acid was formed. 2. In red clover, the period between plant juice exudation and beginning of fermentation was longer than orchardgrass. This period was prolonged as the moisture content of material was decreased in orchardgrass, while was shortened in red clover. 3. pH of the material was higher in red clover at the early stage of ensiling, but decreased rapidly afterwards to get the same acidity of orchardgrass finally.

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Tryptophan Metabolism of Rhizobium meliloti : III. Indole-3-acetic acid production via tryptamine

Keinosuke ISONO, Yosuke MINO

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 285-289
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.285

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Tryptophan (Try) metabolism by Rhizobium meliloti was examined. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was produced from Try via tryptamine. IAA formation from indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetonitrile was not observed.

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Studies on Estrogenic Substances in Herbage : I. Biological Estimation of Estrogenic Activity

Tomiharu MANDA, Tatsuro MATSUMOTO

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 290-298
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.290

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This paper is the first of a series in which the results of studies on estrogenic activity of herbage will be presented. Uterine weight responses of mice are commonly used as indices of estrogenic substances. But, sensibilities of these responses are ample in variation under different experimental conditions. The present paper deals with the experimental conditions for biological estimation of estrogenic activity. In the first experiment, immature female mice were used and uterine weight responses to oral-catheter injection of estrogenic substances were compared with those to oral administration of the same samples admixed with the basal diet. In the second experiment, estrogenic substances were admixed with the basal diet and uterine weight responses of ovariectomized mice were compared with those of intact immature mice. In the third experiment, dose response lines of estrogenic substances, i.e., diethylstilbestrol (DES), genistin and alfalfa, were examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The uterine weight responses of the intact immature mice to estrogenic substances were not obvious in either case of oral-catheter injection and dietary administration. 2. The uterine weight of the overiectomized immature mice responded very much better than that of the intact mice to the dietary administration of estrogenic substances. Besides, the standard deviation of uterine weight of the ovariectomized mice was smaller than that of the intact mice. 3. Dose response lines of DES and genistin ran almost completely parallel with each other. And the estrogenic activity of genistin, which we prepared from soybean meal, was estimated at about 4×10^<-6> times of DES. 4. Dose response line of alfalfa-extract ran parallel to that of DES under the dosage of alfalfa 20g-extract/mouse/6 days. Over-dose of alfalfa-extract obstructed the uterine weight response and its dose response line ran unparallel to that of DES. This fact suggests that the estrogenic activity of alfalfa should be estimated on the basis of at least two different amount of dose.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 299-300
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.299

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 300-301
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.300

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 301-302
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.301

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 303-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.303

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 304-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.304

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages Toc1-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages i-ii
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.i

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages Cover15-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.Cover15

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages Cover16-
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.16.Cover16

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