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Volume 60, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Research Pepers
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Eiki Fukuda2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTo develop techniques to control kudzu, Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, I investigated the effects of clear-cutting and burning on the emergence of buried seeds on abandoned land and the effects of grazing on seedling dynamics. Abandoned agricultural and forestry land overgrown by kudzu was cut over in mid to late 2010, and piled branches were burned in mid-May 2011. The distribution of seedlings and buried seeds was examined along belt transects inside and outside burned sites in June and December, respectively. Sheep were grazed on the site from July. I measured changes in coverage of kudzu seedlings under four conditions : burned-grazed, burned-ungrazed, cut-grazed, and cut-ungrazed. Burning stimulated the emergence of a large number of buried seeds, reducing the residual number. Seedlings of kudzu became dominant under the burned-ungrazed condition, achieving 55% coverage in October, but vanished under the burned-grazed condition. Few seedlings emerged at cut sites, and a lot of buried seeds remained. Burning promoted significant dormancy breaking and seedling emergence, but clear-cutting had much less effect, and grazing suppressed seedlings.View full abstractDownload PDF (794K) -
Toshiya Saigusa, Yukiko Nishimichi, Shougo Otsuka, Kenji Sudo2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 10-19
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSFertilizer recommendations for intensive grazed swards for dairy cows were suggested by estimating decreases in available nutrients throughout the grazing period in 48 paddocks in the eastern, central and northern parts of Hokkaido. Decreases in available nutrients in pastures throughout the grazing period were determined by deducting available nutrients in excretions from nutrition intakes. Available nutrients in excretions were estimated by multiplying the amounts of nutrients in excretions based on the results of previous studies by conversion factors recommended for manure application in Hokkaido. Fertilizer application rates, decreases of available nutrients in pastures and removal of nutrients by trimming were able to explain the differences in available nutrients in soil of 0-5cm in depth before and after the grazing period. Decreases of available nutrients in pastures depended on herbage intake but not on the region or grass species. Averages values of decreases in available nutrients in pastures were nearly the same as fertilizer recommendations for pastures for dairy cows in a previous report. Based on the average decreases in available nutrients in the 48 paddocks, 4±2gN/m2 for grass/clover pasture, 8±2gN/m2 for grass pasture, and 3±1gP2O5/m2, 5±1gK2O/m2 for all pastures were recommended as amounts of fertilizer to be applied to pastures for dairy cows.View full abstractDownload PDF (894K) -
Yuriko Imai, Yasuhiro Kawamoto2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 20-28
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSEffect of grazing intensity on pasture productivity was investigated twice in two Sorghum spp. (S. bicolor (L.) Moench and S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf) pastures under two stocking rates (light intensity ; L and heavy intensity ; H) of short-term grazing. Across stocking rates and Sorghum spp., herbage production, herbage intake and carrying capacity ranged in 3781-9038 kgDM/ha, 6.0-22.5 kgDM/head/day and 96-180 cow-day, respectively, during total grazing periods. Cyanide (HCNp) intake tended to be lower in H at 0.4-2.2 gDM/head/day than in L at 0.8-4.3 gDM/head/day, while herbage utilization rate averaged at 68.2% in H was higher than that in L averaged at 42.8%. These results suggested that Sorghum spp. pastures should be used under the heavy intensity of short-term grazing, which tended to inhibit the increase in HCNp intake and improve pasture productivity and herbage utilization rate, compared with the light intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (759K) -
Keiko Nishimura, Takashi Nakahara, Osamu Enishi, Yoshitaka Nakanishi2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis study was carried out to examine the effects of different grass silage moisture levels and supplementation of rice grain on the fermentation quality and protein fraction of fermented total mixed ration (TMR). The TMR used as a basal diet was composed of corn silage, Italian ryegrass silage (IS), flaked corn, flaked barley, beet pulp, soybean meal and cottonseeds. Two preparations of IS were used : one with high (50.0%) moisture content and one with low (25.5%) moisture content. In addition, 54.5% of the flaked corn was replaced with flaked rice grain to examine the effects. Thus, 4 kinds of fermented TMR were prepared: high moisture and corn, high moisture and rice grain, low moisture and corn, and low moisture and rice grain. The V-Score of all four TMR preparation exceeded 80 points and fermentation quality was good in all of them. There were little variation in protein fraction in the TMRs over the 28-day period, and the protein content was not almost affected by either grass silage moisture level or the rice grain supplementation used. In conclusion, the fermentation pattern of TMR containing rice grain was similar to that of the TMR containing corn, and supplementation of rice grain exerted little influence on the protein fraction in the TMR. These results suggested that grain rice may be a good substitute for corn in fermented TMR.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
Hideshi Shinoda, Toshiharu Miura, Shu Kogawa2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe developed a method for measuring the concentration of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) in aqueous extract of silage using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). With 532 samples of silages, the high-resolution NIRS-calibration curve was obtained in the conditions as follows; using a transmitted light spectrum by 1mm path length; using the second derivative spectrum by segment size of 40nm; partial least squares regression analysis was used to make NIRS-calibration; the wavelength region were 1600-1800 and 2100-2350nm. Under these conditions, VBN concentrations could be predicted with a relatively high accuracy; determination coefficient was 0.964, standard error of prediction (SEP) was 19.5, Evaluation Index was 7.2 and ratio of standard deviation of reference data in prediction sample to SEP was 6.6.View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Daisuke Hirose2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 40-44
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSWe investigated the effects of combining ammonium nitrogen (NH4+－N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3－－N) in the ratios of 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75, and 0 : 100 on growth and root system development of alfalfa. Dry weight increased with ammonium nitrogen content in water culture. Length of lateral roots was greater in the ammonium 100% treatment, whereas no difference was observed among the ammonium 50%, 25%, and 0% treatments. Specific root length of the taproot showed similar values regardless of the mixture ratio of ammonium nitrogen or nitrate nitrogen. Specific root length of lateral roots showed variable results from no significant difference to significant difference with variable p-values between treatments depending on collection dates and no clear trend. Alfalfa absorbed more ammonium ions than nitric acid ions. These results showed that alfalfa attains superior growth and root system development in water culture with an increase in ammonium nitrogen content.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K)
Short Reports
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Makoto Kaneko, Sunao Uozumi, Eiko Touno, Shin Deguchi2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAs a no-herbicide cropping system for silage soybean, we devised a new system using living mulch of Italian ryegrass. This study examined the effects of the living mulch on feed values of forage soybean in several treatments with seeding rates of Italian ryegrass and cultivation methods. Winter habit Italian ryegrass was sown in spring. After mowing of the first crop, it was used as living mulch for soybean. We cultivated soybean in this system for two years in two weed pollution treatments. The feed values of soybean were examined for forage samples collected during the second year of the experiment. Crude protein content rate in the living mulch treatments were higher than 20%, and were superior to those in the non-living mulch treatment. Fiber content rates were less in the living mulch treatment than in the non-living mulch treatment. TDN content rates and TDN yield of living mulch treatment were the same as those of the weeding treatment. Among the Italian ryegrass seeding rates, no differences were found in the crude protein content rate or fiber content rate. These results demonstrate that a feed value of soybean for silage cultivated with Italian ryegrass living mulch is sufficient as high-protein roughage.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K) -
Tsutomu Kanno, Soichiro Morita, Setsuro Sato, Noritoshi Sumida2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSTwo on-farm experiments (referred to as 1 and 2) were conducted to evaluate the suitability of ridge-making seeding for alleviating excessive soil moisture stress on silage corn (Zea mays L.) planted in upland paddy fields. In both experiments, corn was planted just after Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was harvested in annual crop rotation system. In Experiment 1, the underground water table of the field was more than 200 mm below the ground surface frequently (66% of the total experimental period). The dry matter (DM) yield of corn was significantly low even with ridge-making treatment (9.9 tDM/ha), although its value was 54% higher than that achieved with conventional seeding treatment. In Experiment 2, the period during which the underground water table was more than 200 mm below the ground surface was 13% of the total experimental period. The dry matter yield achieved with ridge-making treatment was relatively high at 16.3 tDM/ha, which was 22% higher than that achieved with conventional seeding treatment. These data suggest that if soil moisture stress is at a moderate level, the application of ridge-making seeding can improve corn yields up to a level considered sufficient for farming practice. However, the effect of such seeding on corn yields is expected to be insufficient for fields with extremely poor drainage.View full abstractDownload PDF (507K) -
Kenji Kimura, Yasufumi Ueyama, Akito Kubota, Masahiro Fujimori, Yoshin ...2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 55-58
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSReed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) has been recognized as a major invasive plant in the US in recent years. In Japan, the differences between the native and invasive genotypes are unclear. To identify these differences, chromosomal analysis using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 5S/45S rDNA probes was carried out on 7 populations of putative native Japanese P. arundinacea and 3 exotic P. arundinacea. The results showed that all populations were tetraploids (2n=4x=28). The 45S rDNA were mapped on 4 sites corresponding with the ploidy level in all populations. On the other hand, the numbers of 5S rDNA sites differed among the populations. Moreover, the 5S rDNA sites differed among individuals even within the same populations. Thus, the chromosomal characteristics could not ensure that the putative native Japanese P. arundinacea are the native.View full abstractDownload PDF (1899K)
Research Information
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2014 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages 59-61
Published: April 15, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2014
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (431K)
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