Japanese Journal of Grassland Science
Online ISSN : 2188-6555
Print ISSN : 0447-5933
ISSN-L : 0447-5933
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Volume 50, Issue 1
Displaying 1-34 of 34 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.Cover1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App2-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Index
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Toc1-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.Toc1
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages i-ii
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.i_1
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  • Spatial Patterns and Species Diversity of Plant Communities in Sown, Oversown, and Semi-Natural Grasslands in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
    Masae Shiyomi, Norbert Gaborcik, Hiroshi Koizumi, Anna Javorkova, Eva ...
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.1
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    We analyzed the frequency of occurrence and the spatial patterns of plant species in grassland communities ofBanska Bystrica, Slovakia. We established 5×5-m quadrats in three different sites : (1) a grassland established by seeding improved herbage plants after plowing in 1991("sown"), (2) a semi-natural grassland oversown with improved herbaceous species in 1991 ("oversown"), and (3) a semi-natural grassland that received no treatment. No fertilizers have been applied for these grasslands. Each quadrat was divided into 100 cells (50×50cm), and 50 cells were selected in a checkerboard pattern. Each cell was subdivided into four smaller cells (25×25cm), and each species found in each of the four smaller cells was recorded. We applied the beta-binomial distribution to the analysis of spatial patterns of individual species. The greatest spatial heterogeneity was found in the sown grassland where species with stolons, rhizomes and large tillers dominated. For the dominant species in the grasslands, we obtained a good fit to the beta-binomial distri bution. On average, the greatest species richness and diversity were found in the sown grassland where improved plant species and native plants co-existed under the non-fertilized condition, although cell-to-cell variation was very large ; in contrast, species richness and diversity were lowest in the semi-natural grassland. This result indicates that an understanding that sown grasslands are poorer in the species diversity than natural/semi-natural grasslands is not always adequate.
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  • Genetic Difference between Two Types of Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Characterized by Flowering Phenology
    Aki Mizuguti, Aya Nishiwaki, Yasuhiro Sugimoto, Masayuki Oyamada
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 9-14
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.9
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    Imperata cylindrica is widely distributed from Okinawa to Hokkaido in Japan, exhibiting great adaptability to various habitats. Recently, we found two types of Imperata cylindrica characterized by flowering phenology in Miyazaki Plain. In this paper, we use isozymes to clarify whether there exist cases of two genetically isolated taxonomic groups of Imperata cylindrica existing in the same area. The flowering periods do not overlap between two types. Got was fixed in each type. Got^b was observed in only E-type (Miyazaki E and Nohbi E), whereas Got^a was observed in only C-type (Miyazaki C, Nohbi C, Miyagi C, Miyakojima C). The D_<ST> of the six populations was 0.254, while the D_<ST> of the two populations of E-type was 0.005, and that of the four populations of C-type was 0.007. Nei's genetic distance among local populations within types ranged from 0.001 to 0.020, while that between two types was 1.29. These results indicate that there are two genetically isolated taxonomic groups with different flowering periods existing in the same area of Japan. Our results accord with the description that the glabrous type corresponds to Imperata cylindrica var. cylindrica (Kenashichigaya), and the node-hair type corresoonds to Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (Fushigechigaya).
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  • Grazing Suitability of Normal and Dwarf Napiergrasses Transplanted on a Bahiagrass Pasture
    Muhammad Mukhtar, Yasuyuki Ishii, Sayan Tudsri, Sachiko Idota, Kiichi ...
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 15-23
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.15
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    Grazing suitability of 3 napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) varieties (normal variety of Wruk wona (Wr) and dwarf varieties of early-heading type (DE) and late-heading type (DL)) was evaluated, using a mixed cultivation on a bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fliugge cv. Pensacola) pasture. During 2 grazing seasons (June-November) starting in the next year of establishment, the plants were grazed 4-5 times by a herd of 15-16 dairy cows and 2-3 beef cows. The percentage overwintered plants and regrown tiller number were highest for DL in May 2001 and 2002. Although plant height, herbage dry matter weight and mean tiller dry matter weight were highest in Wr throughout the experiment, tiller number and leaf area index were larger in DL than in DE and Wr, and percentage leaf blade and ratio of leaf blade to stem were higher in two dwarf varieties than in Wr both years. Herbage consumption was largest in DL followed by Wr and DE, while percentage utilization of herbage was highest in DL followed by DE and Wr, and lowest in bahiagrass. In both years, grazing time on bahiagrass was highest at the first grazing, while that on DL tended to increase, followed by Wr and DE as the grazing season progressed. The highest utilization and the highest overwintering ability in DL show the highest suitability of this variety for an intensive grazing system utilizing a napiergrass pasture in the southern Kyushu.
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  • Genetic Variation and Correlation of Agronomic Traits in Diploid Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) Populations
    Toshinori Komatsu, Makoto Yamakata, Ryuji Hakuzan
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 24-30
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.24
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    We studied variation in and heritability of agronomic traits and correlations among these traits in populations of diploid rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth) in 2 experiments as a basis for future rhodesgrass breeding. Signiflcant differences existed among populations for all traits evaluated in row-planted plants (experiment 1), and for all traits except plant height at the third cut in space-planted plants (experiment 2). In rows, broad-sense heritability estimates were moderately high for seedling vigorin spring and total fresh yield. In spaced plants, broad-sense heritability estimates were moderate for head number, stolon number, plant growth habit, percentage of heading plants, and total fresh yield. The relatively high genetic coefficients of variation (GCV) and moderately high heritability estimates found for seedling vigor inspring and total fresh yield indicate that selection for these traits would be effective in these diploid populations. Total fresh yield was significantly positively correlated with seedling vigor in spring in rows and with fresh yield at the second cut of rows and spaced plants, but it was significantly negatively correlated with head number in rows and percentage of heading plants, which indicate the stage of maturity, in spaced plants. The strong positive correlations between total fresh yield and fresh yield at the second cut in the 2 experiments indicatethat fresh yield at the second cut can be used as a selection index for identifying high-fresh-yield genotypes or populations in the development of superior cultivars of diploid rhodesgrass.
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  • Changes in the Structural Properties of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria in Response to Low Temperature in Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
    Yoko Tominaga, Akira Kanazawa, Yoshiya Shimamoto
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 31-39
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.31
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    Changes in the ultrastructural properties of chloro-plasts and mitochondria in response to low temperature were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Specimens from plants treated at 4℃ for 24 hr revealed increases in the sizes of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells and mitochondria in mesophyll and vascular bundle sheath cells. Longer cold treatments caused smaller amount of changes in the sizes of these organelles. The enlargement of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells was accompanied by a proportional decrease in the size of vacuoles. The lamella structure of chloroplast was maintained in mesophyll cells even after one month of cold treatment. DNA gel blot analyses showed no significant degradation of chloroplast or mitochondrial DNA during the cold treatment. The observed changes resembled changes that occur in cells of woody plants during seasonal transitions from summer to winter, suggesting that such changes are commonly involved in the process of cold acclimation in a wide variety of plants. Possible mechanisms that caused the observed changes were discussed in view of acquisition of cold tolerance in plants.
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  • Silage Preparation of Total Mixed Ration with Green Tea Grounds and its Fermentation Quality and Nutritive Value
    Chuncheng Xu, Yimin Cai, Tamaki Kida, Morinobu Matsuo, Hidenori Kawamo ...
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 40-46
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.40
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    Total mixed ration (TMR) silages were prepared using commercial concentrate, timothy hay and green tea grounds (GTG) at 10%, 20% and 30% dry matter ratio. Four Suffolk sheep were fed these TMR silages, and their nutritive value was estimated. Three kinds of TMR silages were well preserved and exhibited low pH and ammonianitrogen content, and high lactic acid content. The crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the increase in the proportion of green tea grounds. The dry matter and crude protein digestibility and total digestible nutrients in TMR silages with 10% and 20% GTG were significantly (P<0.05) higher than TMR silage with 30% GTG. The results showed that the ideal proportion of the green tea grounds for TMR silage preparation is 10% to 20% of dry matter.
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  • Yearly Variation and Heritability in Seed Productivity of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
    Hiroyuki Tamaki, Akira Yoshizawa, Hiroki Fujii, Koichi Sato
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 47-51
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.47
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    The seed productivity of forage grass varieties has been paid less attention to than their vegetative productivity, but is important for their commercial success. Clones and their progeny lines of timothy were tested to estimate their seed productivity. These tests showed that its yearly correlation was low, and that its heritability in the narrow sense was high as long as the parents and their progeny lines were examined in the same environment. So plural tests in different environment are concluded necessary to improve the seed productivity steadily by only one individual selection procedure, or, if the productivity can be tested only once per selection procedure, plural selection procedures will be needed to repeat for this purpose.
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  • Development of an Easy Examination Method for the Seed Productivity of Timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
    Hiroyuki Tamaki, Akira Yoshizawa, Hiroki Fujii, Koichi Sato
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 52-54
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.52
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    Seed productivity of forage crops has been paid less attention to than their vegitative productivity, though it is important for the commercial success of their varieties. An easy examination method was tried to develop for improving seed productivity of timothy effectively. As this trait depends on panicle seed weight (PSW) or seed weight per panicle length (SWPPL), we thought that these two characters should be actually examined in this easy method, and that the material should be internode-elongated stems (IES's) pulled out from clone-stumps. From this viewpoint, the IES's pulled out on May 22, 2002 from 11 early-maturing timothy clones were kept in the hydroponic conditions in our greenhouse till the seed harvest. The PSW and SWPPL of these materials showed high correlations with the the field test results of 2000, from which it was concluded that IES's are useful for the easy method to estimate seed productivity of timothy.
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  • Effect of BAP and Cupric Sulfate on Embryogenic Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge)
    Takahiro Gondo, Ryo Akashi, Osamu Kawamura
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 55-58
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.55
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    We have established an efficient and stable in vitro culturing system for bahiagrass to proliferate highly regenerative embryogenic callus on modified medium increasing the level of cupric sulfate (CuSO_4). Highly regenerative embryogenic callus was initiated from shoot tips of germinated seeds and embryogenic callus was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 50μM CuSO_4, at 31℃ under the dim light condition. This modified culture could produce polyembryogenic callus which formed multiple pro-embryos over the surface of callus and gave rise to regenerability. Also, they can be maintained for more than a year without a marked loss in regenerability and appearance of albino plants during long term of culture.
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  • Factorial Analysis of Discontinuation of Grassland Burning by Pastoral Associations in the Aso District, Southwestern Japan
    Michio Tsutsumi, Tsuyoshi Akiyama
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 59-63
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.59
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    There are 175 pastoral associations in the Aso District, and each of them has managed its ranges (including semi-natural grassland, sown pasture and forest) by burning, grazing or mowing. However, there have been many cases where grassland burning has been discontinued or its area reduced. Therefore, on the basis of data obtained by questionnaires distributed to pastoral associations in Aso and the circumstances in which firebreaks were made, we analyzed the factors associated with discontinuation or areal reduction of grassland burning, and the following conclusions were made : (1) There is a general shortage of labor, and the associations with more serious labor shortages have reduced the area subjected to burning. (2) Although the degree of worker aging has not affected the reduction of the burned area, the average age of the workers in the associations carrying out grassland burning has exceeded 50 years. and this is a serious problem. (3) Scattering of srrasslands due to the increase in forests is not generally a factor having a direct effect on discontinuation of burning. (4) In larger-scale associations with a higher proportion of semi-natural grassland, burning has continued. (5) In smaller-scale associations with a higher proportion of sown pasture, there have been many cases of discontinuation or areal reduction of grassland burning.
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  • Growth Characteristics and Establishment of Seeds of Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense L.) in the Cornfield
    Shuji Urakawa, Isamu Koide
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 64-70
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.64
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    Growth characteristics and establishment of the seeds of horsenettle was examined on effects of chemical and shading treatment in the experiments of small container and cornfield. Chemical treatment of atrazin-metolachlor (3lha^<-1>) decreased shoot and root growth of the seedlings, whereas it was limited at early growth stage as shown by about 3 mm diameter of taproot at a corn harvest time. Dry matter production of the weed was not decreased by shading 50% of sunlight, while it dropped by more than 75% shading of the sunlight. Under such severe shading conditions most of the seedlings survived and grew to a 1.8mm diameter of the taproot. The seedlings of 18 days after germination needed 15-18 days for regrowth, while the seedlings of over 26 days were 11-12 days. The regrowth of the taproots and root fragments was also closely associated with the size of root diameter, suggesting the minimal of 1.5mm diameter in cases of 10cm long taproot and root fragments. The results showed that seedlings of horsenettle was resistant to shading and chemical treatment and thereby led to greater growth and appearance in the cornfield.
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  • Change of the β-Carotene Content of Feed Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.) with Advancing Growth Stages and Storage Period of Whole Crop Silage
    Hiroshi Hiraoka, Yasunari Yamamoto, Shuji Urakawa, Harutoshi Yamada, N ...
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 71-73
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.71
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  • Introduction(<Special Feature>Studies of Sustainable Grassland Productivity)
    Hrioshi Kobayashi
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 74-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.74
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  • Grassland Productivity and Renovation in Hokkaido(<Special Feature>Studies of Sustainable Grassland Productivity)
    Yoshihiko Takeda
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 75-82
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.75
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  • Caracteristics of Mountainous Slope Grasslands and Sustainable Management(<Special Feature>Studies of Sustainable Grassland Productivity)
    Shunpei Kano, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Yoshimitsu Saito, Kyoko Kido
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 83-89
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.83
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  • Pasture establishment and maintenance for sustainable year-round utilization : Example cases in south-western islands of Japan(<Special Feature>Studies of Sustainable Grassland Productivity)
    Yasuhiro Kawamoto
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 90-98
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.90
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  • Vegetation Management for Conservation and Restoration of Semi-natural Grassland(<Special Feature>Studies of Sustainable Grassland Productivity)
    Yoshitaka Takahashi
    Article type: Article
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 99-106
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.99
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 107-108
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.107
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 111-118
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.111
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 119-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.119
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App3-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App3
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App4-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App4
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App5-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App5
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App6-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App6
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App7-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App7
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App8-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App8
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Appendix
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages App9-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.App9
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.Cover2
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  • [title in Japanese]
    Article type: Cover
    2004 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: April 15, 2004
    Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.14941/grass.50.Cover3
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