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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A44-
Published: July 01, 1998
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A chemical equilibrium model has been applied to the MOVPE growth of InN, GaN, and InGaN semiconductors. The phase diagram of the deposition indicating etching, droplet and growth regions is computed for the growth. In addition, Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to investigate above theoretical results.
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Jin-Song Li, Kazumi Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A45-
Published: July 01, 1998
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By assuming local uniformity for the direction of the nucleation force, the direction of the nucleation flux is derived. The quasi-universal behavior that contours of the nucleation potential exhibit is explained on the basis of the present theory.
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Jin-Song Li, Kazumi Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A46-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Explicit analytical expression is obtained for binary nucleation flux at the steady state that is valid for the whole size space.
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Jin-Song Li, Kazumi Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A47-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We found that both the discrepancy in the attachment rates of two species to a cluster and the non-uniformity of the direction of nucleation flux are the major causes of the ridge crossing.
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Masaaki Sanada, Kazumi Nishioka, Igor L. Maksimov
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A48-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We studied the implication of the distinction between the kinetic and the thermodynamic critical nuclei in nucleation kinetics of unary systems. It is shown that when this distinction is significant, the attachment and the detachment rates of monomers do not differ appreciably. The analytical expressions of the nucleation rate and the cluster number density are obtained as functions of time and the cluster size and are found to be in good agreement with the numerical solution of the kinetic equation.
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Y. Kaishita, K. Nishioka, S. Narimatsu, K. Takano
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A49-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We derived the formula describing the pressure and concentration dependence of the interfacial tension for critical nuclei. The formula is applied to the homogeneous nucleation of p-xylene crystal from p- / m-xylene binary solution. The interfacial tension is found to increase with the pressure of the parent phase, but the pressure effect is overshadowed by the concentration effect below 10 MPa.
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K.J. Takano, S. Narimatu
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A50-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The nucleation phenomena were observed at high pressures with 3 binary systems of organic compounds. The critical supersaturation of nucleation was measured in the droplets of organic liquid sample prepared in water. In each system, the critical supersaturation of nucleation increased with increasing pressure and with decreasing temperature. The present results show that the interfacial tension increased with increaing pressure and with decreasing temperature.
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K. Matsumoto, Y. Arima, T. Irisawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A51-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We carried out Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the two dimensional nucleation processes for two components system taking account of surface diffusion on ad-atoms, and obtained the surface diffusion dependence for critical nucleus size. We found that two-dimensional kinetic critical nucleus size is strongly depended on surface diffusion of ad-atoms.
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T. Irisawa, [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A52-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We programmed Monte Carlo simulation to analyze epitaxial growth and examined about the Ostwald ripening of the cluster which the Volmer-Weber mechanism grew.
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Y. Arima, T. Irisawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A53-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Monte Carlo simulation of melt growth with the taking-in process of impurities is performed on the diamond lattice The structure of solid-liquid interface is investigated in detail. The growth modes are different by the different crystal orientation of interface. The larger concentration of impurities causes the diffuser interface. The strength of interaction between solid atom and impurity has effect on the diffuseness and the structural scale of the interface.
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Hiroki Nada
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A54-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Structures of molecular clusters in methanol aqueous solution were investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. As a result. it was found that the cluster structures change as a function of methanol concentrations.
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K. Fujioka, M. Nakatsuka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A55-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The growth mechanism under higher level of supersaturation was studied and compared with that under low supersaturation. In the higher supersaturation, the growth rate was not proportional to the supersaturation of the mother solution. In rapid growth the supersaturation is very high and the temperature decreasing rate is very quick. As the result the larger-size cluster might be generated. It was predicted that there might be a difficulty of the desolvation of large cluster on the crystal surface grown in a high supersaturation.
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Michimoto KAMINAGA, Yuka NAKAI, Tadashi OHACHI
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A56-
Published: July 01, 1998
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DSC ( differential scanning calorimetry ) was used to measure the induction time of the polymorphic transition from the high temperature phase of silver selenide (Ag_2Se). Induction times became longer for smaller supercooling. Experimental results were analyzed by an equation introduced by Toschev, τ=(1/A)exp(B/ΔT^2) , where A and B were constants and AT was supercooling.
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Lav N. Balykov, Masao Kitamura, Igor L. Maksimov, Kazumi Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A57-
Published: July 01, 1998
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A58-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The surface melting is statistical-mechanically described in the language of the dislocation theory. In this picture, the molten surface is supposed to be characterized as a "crystal" surface seriously-modified by a large number of thermally-excited dislocations. The statistical-mechanics of the dislocations is developed by means of the random-walker representation of dislocation-line shapes.
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Noriko Akutsu, Yasuhiro Akutsu
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A59-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We present a statistical mechanical method to calculate step tension and step stiffness of a hexagonal lattice system. We apply the method to Si(111) reconstructed surface. From the microscopic kink energies, we obtain thermal evolution of step stiffness , step tension and equilibrium crystal shape.
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Noriko Akutsu, Yasuhiro Akutsu
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A60-
Published: July 01, 1998
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By Monte Carlo calculation, we study a single step short-distance fluctuation behavior of body-centered solid-on-solid model, restricted solid-on-solid model and two-dimensional lattice gas model near at roughening transition temperature.
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Yasuhiro Akutsu, Noriko Akutsu, Takao Yamamoto
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A61-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Using the recently-developed highly reliable numerical renormalization group method, we study the inverse roughening transition and the associated (quasi-) reentrant behavior of the body-centered solid-on-solid model.
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Yoshinori Kido, Noriko Akutsu, Yasuhiro Akutsu
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A62-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We made a Monte Carlo calculation of the staggered body-centered-cubic solid-on-solid model, and calculate short-distance step fluctuation quantities. We confirmed re-entrant step fluctuation behavior. Although the surface is smooth globally, there exist many islands and pits of the atomic scale.
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Takao Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Akutsu, Noriko Akutsu
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A63-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We consider the distribution function for the "relative" fluctuation width of the step on vicinal surface. By the harmonically-interacting step picture, we analyze the behaviors of the distribution function in the "small" fluctuation region. We compare this analytical result with a Monte-Carlo calculation.
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Y. Saito, C. Misbah, O. Pierre-Louis, J. Krug, P. Politi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A64-
Published: July 01, 1998
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A nonlinear evolution equation for a vicinal surface growing in the step flow mode is derived in the limit of weak desorption. The meandering instability caused by step edge barriers leads to a step morphology with a fixed meander wavelength, cusp singularities and a step width increasing as √<t> without bound. Lattice gas simulations confirm this picture, and the observed step morphology is derived analytically from the evolution equation.
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Masahide Sato, Makio Uwaha
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A65-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In the vicinal face of Si(111) drift of adatoms causes step bunching. The terrace size increases in power of time as t^<1/2> which cannot be explained by the theory derived near the critical point of instability. We carry out numerical calculations of a discrete step model. When THC evaporation of adatoms is neglected, the time dependence of the average terrace size agrees with the experimental result.
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Masahide Sato, Makio Uwaha
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A66-
Published: July 01, 1998
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With the Schwoebel effect an isolated step is unstable under large supersaturation and produces a chaotic wandering pattern if the step is isotropic. When the kinetic coefficient depends on the step orientation, a step in an asymmetric orientation obeys the Benney equation and slows a regular pattern.
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Makio Uwaha
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A67-
Published: July 01, 1998
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At the interface of solid and superfluid ^4He a capillary wave (crystallization wave: CW) propagetes along the interface. Superfluid flow parallel to the interface causes softening of the CW and the interface becomes unstable. Effect of the crystal anisotropy on this flow-induced instability is Studied with a perturbation expansion.
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Atsushi Mori, Igor L. Maksimov
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A68-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Applying a continuum approximation and the Poisson sum formula to the one-dimensional Temkin model of the solid-liquid interface (SLI), we have obtained an analytical expression for the demarcation line between the mode that the SLI advances with some activation barrier and the barrierless mode of the SLI advance.
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M. Kitamura, K. Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A69-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Growth surfaces with no strong bonds along them is rough under equilibrium conditions and the growth of such faces has been considered to be governed by an adhesive growth mechanism. Here we propose a new growth mechanism by which kinetic smoothing occurs on such faces.
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I. Sunagawa, K. Schmetzer
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A70-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Based on texture observations and element mappings of trapiche rubies showing textures with six arms and six sectors. it has been demonstrated that the textures were formed through earlier rough interface dendritic growth and later smooth interface layer growth processes, and the element partitioning vas governed by the associated kinetics.
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Fumio Kawamura, Masayuki Kamei, Itaru Yasui, Ichiro Sunagawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A71-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The effects of a small amount of cations with valence states ranging from mono to hexa valent on growth and habits of SnO_2 crystals growing in SnO_2-Cu_2O flux system were systematically investigated. Tri-valent cations having closer ionic radii to that of Sn^<4+> gave conspicuous effect upon size and habit of SnO_2 Penta-valent cations with similar ionic radii as Sn^<4+> had some effects, whereas cations of other valence states showed no effects at all.
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K. Nakazato, H. Nakanishi, K. Kanno, H. Takizawa, S. Maeda, K. Terashi ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A72-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We measured the surface tension of pure and boron doped (5×10^<19>atoms/cm^3) silicon melt and its temperature dependence by the ring technique. Pure and born doped silicon melt indicate a negative correlation between surface tension and temperature, respectively.
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T. Matsumoto, K. Abe, S. Maeda, H. Nakanishi, K. Terashima
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A73-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The initial stage of quartz dissolution rate has been studied by dipping_ several materials (amorphous SiO_2 cristobalite crystallized at 1500℃, cristobalite crystallized at 1550℃ into molten silicon. It was found that the initial dissolution rate of amorphous SiO_2 and cristobalite (1500℃) are about two times larger than that of cristobalite (1550℃).
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M. Kato, S. Maeda, K. Abe, H. Nakanishi, K. Terashima
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A74-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Quartz reacts with carbon on the contact area at high temperature. This reaction will get deterioration of the quartz crucible and the carbon suscepter during the pulling process. one of effective means of study the deterioration phenomenon, we measured the weight variations of crucible and carbon suscepter. It was found that the reaction of quartz and carbon is dissociation reaction. The dominant chemical reaction has been determined to be siO_2 + C → SiO↑+ CO↑.
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S. Sakai, X. Huang, Y. Okano, K. Hoshikawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A75-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In order to investigate heat and mass transfer in the silicon sessile drop, numerical simulation has been carried out. In this analysis, the effects of surrounding temperature profile, weight of silicon drop and dissolution profile at silica/melt interface on the convection, temperature profile and oxygen tranportation in the drop were examined.
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X. Huang, T. Nakazawa, K. Hoshikawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A76-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In order to investigate the equilibrium segregation coefficient of oxygen concerning Czochralski Si crystal growth, single silicon crystals were grown under an equilibrium condition of Si-Si02-SiO system in a closed silica ampule. The oxygen concentration of the grown silicon crystal was 1.7±0.1(x10^<18> atoms/cm^3), which almost did not depend on the solidification fraction. The equilibrium oxygen segregation coefficient was, then, determined to be about 0.8±0.1
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K. KAKIMOTO, H. Suenaga, H. OZOE
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A77-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Molecular dynamics simulation for silicon was carried out with a constraint of constant temperature and pressure. An Andersen' s algorithm was employed to obtain constant pressure condition of the system. A relationship of calculated pressure and volume of the system can express experimental volume compressibility of actual solid silicon. Negative pressure to the system can be applied in a calculation.
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Masahito Watanabe, Minoru Eguchi, Taketoshi Hibiya
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A78-
Published: July 01, 1998
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When using the Czochralski method for growing large-diameter (>300 mm) silicon crystals, rotation of a large amount silicon melt contained in a crucible is a serious problem. We propose a new method for rotation of the silicon melt. This method uses the electromagnetic force without crucible rotation. The electromagnetic force, (caused by the Lorentz force in the azimuthal direction in the silicon melt) is generated by the interaction between the electric current through the melt (in the radial direction) and the vertical magnetic field generated by external magnetic coils. The rotation rate of the silicon melt changed from 0 to 100 rpm with the change in both the magnetic field strength (0 - 0.1 T) and the electric current in the melt (0 - 8 A).
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Masahito Watanabe, Minoru Eguchi, Taketoshi Hibiya
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A79-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We measured oxygen concentration and its distribution with radial direction in the Si crystals grown by using the electromagnetic CZ (EMCZ) method. Oxygen concentration changed from 1×10^<17> to 8×10^<17> cm^<-3> with changing the magnetic field strength and electrical current in the melt. The radial distribution was more homogeneous than that in crystals grown by the normal MCZ method. This results shows that EMCZ method has the advantage to control the oxygen concentration and its distribution in a large-diameter silicon crystal.
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Hiroyuki Minamikawa, Yasuto Miyazawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A80-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The flow in several different glass oxide melts in high magnetic field was observed The rotational flow phenomenon was found in 27Bi_2O_3-56PbO- 17Ga_2O_3 system glass melt. This phenomenon was very similar to the one in the usual oxide melts.
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Yasuto Miyazawa, Hiroyuki Minamikawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A81-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The flow in YAlO_3 melts in high magnetic field was observed. It was found that the flow pattern started to rotate gradually about the center at vertical magnetic field strength of about 0.04T.
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Chengiun Jing, Nobuyuki Imaishi, Shoichi Yasuhiro, Yasuto Miyazawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A82-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to reveal the origin of the spoke pattern on oxide melt surface and the rotating spoke pattern under a magnetic field. Numerical results indicate the spoke patterns are caused by the Marangoni effect. Assuming the oxide melt to be dielectric with an uniform electric charge density, the 3-D simulation can reproduce the rotating spoke patterns under magnetic field.
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N. Kaneko, T. Aoyama, S. Ueno, J. Yano, K. Sato, T. Katsuragi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A83-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Crystallization behaviour of n-hexadecane in o/w emulsion have been studied by ultrasonic velocity measurements. The accelerative effects of the crystallization of oil phase of o/w emulsion adding highly hydrophobic food emulsifiers of sucrose pentaesters have also been studied. The main results are as follows; (a)the rates of crystallization, particularly of nucleation, were retarded in the emulsion system compared with the neat liquid; (b)the additives increased the nucleation rates in emulsion systems; (c)the increase in the nucleation rate with varying concentration of the additives.
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J. Yano, H. Takiguchi, S. Ueno, K. Sato, S. Nagahisa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A84-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Phase behavior of monoacylglycerol - fatty alcohol binary mixture has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared (Fr-IR) spectroscopy. Molecular compound formation was observed at equal molar ratio of monoacylglycerol and fatty alcohol. This molecular compound forms pseudo-hexagonal subcell packing by FT-IR study. It seems that heterogeneous nucleation of fatty alcohol induced from thin film of monoacylglycerolthis is affected by this molecular compound.
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H. Takiguchi, S. Nagahisa, J. Yano, S. Ueno, K. Sato
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A85-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Initial stage of vapor-deposited thin film formation of monoacylglycerols have been investigated by FT-IR and XRD and AFM. The FT-IR analysis have shown that growth hillocks having molecular axis normal to the surface (NGH) was predominant at low rate of deposition at high substrate temperature. AFM analysis showed that, in the first layer of NGH film, the step height was equal to monomer dimension. However, the step height of second and successive layers constructed of dimer molecules.
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K. Fujiwara, J. Yano, S. Nagahisa, S. Ueno, K. Sato
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A86-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Heterogeneous Nucleation of n-alcohol assisted by monoacylglycerol thin films have been studied. The main results are as follows; (a) crystallization of n-alcohol is accelated by monoacylglycerol thin films , (b) induction time for nucleation of behenyl alcohol of γ form is changed by supersaturation ratio, (c) nucleation of behenyl alcohol of γ form is accelated by monostearin thin films more effectively than behenic acid thin films.
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S. Ueno, H. Seto, J. Yano, Y. Amemiya, K. Sato
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A87-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Melt crystallizations of polymorphic lipids. SOS (sn- 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleoyl glycerol) , have been examined with a time-resolved X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation source. The main results are as follows: (i) the formation of lamellar ordering of SOS occurred more rapidly than that of subcell packing, (ii) the time lag in the occurrence of the two spectra increased with increasing stability of the polymorphic forms which crystallized.
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A. Miyazaki, S. Ueno, J. Yano, K. Sato, Y. Furukawa, M. Suzuki
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A88-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Polymorphism and crystallization behavior of Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenoic acid have been studied using extra pure sample by optical microscopy equipped with a temperature-controlled growth cell, differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) and X-ray diffraction ( XRD ). Single crystal morphorogy of linoleic and alpha-Linolenic acids were observed by solvent crystallization.
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H. Takiguchi, T. Ishida, K. Tamada, K. Abe, K. Yase
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A89-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Film formation of dialkylsulfide (R-S-R) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au (111) have been investigated by AFM, dynamic contact angle measurement and XPS. AFM images revealed that dialkylsulfide molecules spontaneously aggregate on gold surface at the initial stage of SAM growth. S(2p) XPS spectra changed with the immersing time into the octadecylsulfide solution. For the shorter immersing time for 3h, we detected the strong S(2p) peak at around 163 eV which was assigned to unbound sulfur. On the other hand, after the longer immersing time of 24h, the S(2p) peak position shifted to lower binding energy of 162 eV attributed to bound sulfur. This peak shift indicated that the unbound-bound transition of the sulfurs during the immersion.
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Kazuo Kurihara, Satoru Miyashita, Gen Sazaki, Toshitaka Nakada, Hirosh ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A90-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Concentration of a phosphor-labeled impurity (ovalbumin) incorporated into protein (lysozyme) crystals during growth was measured by fluorescence. Impurity concentration increased with growth rate, which could not be explained by two conventional models. Impurity concentration also increased with the pH of the solution. This result is discussed considering the electrostatic interaction between the impurity and the crystallizing species.
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Gen Sazaki, Yukiko Nagatoshi, Yoshihisa Suzuki, Stephen D. Durbin, Sat ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A91-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Pressure dependence of sulubilities of both tetragonal and orthorhombic form crystals of HEW lysozyme was studied using an improved interference microscope. Solubility of orthorhombic form decreased with pressure, while that of tetragonal form increased. This difference is discussed thermodynamically and explained by use of the concept of the contact area between molecules.
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A. Shiraishi, K. Homma, K.J. Takano, M. Ataka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A92-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Phase state of hen egg-white lysozyme aqueous solution system was studied at high pressures. The orthorhombic and the tetragonal crystals, the needle-like precipitates , and other types of precipitates were observed at high pres sure in the lysozyme solution in 5wt% NaCl at pH4.2. The solubilities of the orthorhombic crystal, the tetragonal crystal, and the needle-like precipitate were measured , all of which increased with increasing pressure.
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K.J. Takano, T. Takano, Y. Yamanouchi, N. Nishida, T. Sato
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A93-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Analyzing crystal growth mechanism of molecular assembly in cells in concern with the corresponding physiological activity will be useful for the study of cell biology. The morphology of microtubules in human lymphoblast was observed at high pressure. The pressure-induced denaturation of α-tubulin was observed at a pressure of 100MPa, which melted the microtubulus. The possibility of microtubules participating in the molecular mechanism of apoptosis was pointed out for the first time.
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