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Tomoko Nakao, Seiji Kimura, Toshitaka Nakada, Chihro Kaito, Yoshio Sai ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A94-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Fe and Cr dots covered with carbon or silicon oxide which produced by simultaneous gas evaporation technique showed A-15 type structure. The size of the dots was a few nanometers. The Fe and Cr dots coated carbon were stable up to 1100℃ in vacuum both in crystal structure and size. Present results show that the A-15 type structure is a stable form in nano region.
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Minoru Dohi, Tetsuo Fujita
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A95-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Two kinds of paramagnetic defects in ultrafine Si particles were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR). Though the defects had the same ESR g-value, absorption linewidth and intensity, it was found that they had some different properties.
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T. Ohno, Y. Mori
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A96-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Semiconductor composite nanoparticles were prepared by the condensation of coating vapor onto flying semiconductor nanoparticles which were produced in advance by a gas evaporation technique. The growth process of the particles of Si-In and Ge-Mg systems is discussd in relation to the phase diagrams.
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K. Kishi, D. Komiyama, S. Jo
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A97-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Cu microcrystals grown together with whiskers show peculiar morphologies. They strongly tend to exhibit {110}, {100} and {100} when grown from CuI, CuBr and CuCl respectively. Their surface are atomically flat, but they often are covered with thin {111} film of the transport agent (CuX). Having atomically flat surfaces and heights of atomic size, both triangular hills and long straight banks also grow on the surface.
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K. Kishi, R. Doumoto, D. Komiyama
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A98-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Stability of thin halide films observed on the surface of Cu microcrystals is studied by using molecular dynamics (MID) method. According to the AFM observations, thin {111}α-Cul film freezes epitaxially from the melt at 923K, 67K above the melting point, on Cu {110}, suggesting that the presence of the film forms {110} and blocks the formation of {111} surfaces on Cu.
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S. Naritsuka, Z. Yan, T. Nishinga
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A99-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that 2-dimensional nuclei were generated at a stacking fault (SF) in microchannel epitaxy (MCE) by LPE. Their bow-like shapes with large radius of curvature allow the nucleation to occur at a very low critical supersaturation. As a result, 2-dimensional nucleation becomes a major step source when SF exists even under a very low supersaturation usually employed in MCE.
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Zheng YAN, Shigeya NARITSUKA, Tatau NISHINAGA
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A100-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Interface supersaturation and step velocity were determined in the microchannel epitaxy of InP. It has been found that the step velocity increases linearly with the interface supersaturation, and the slope of the linear curve, which gives kinetic coefficient of the growth, increases with the growth temperature. A critical value of the interface supersaturation, below which steps do not move, has also been found to exist.
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S. Iida, Y. Hayakawa, T. Koyama, M. Kumagawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A101-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The In_xGa_<1-x> As (x=0.06) bridge layers grown on SiN_x-masked GaAs (111)B substrates with trenches by liquid phase epitaxial method were characterized by photoluminescence measurements. For epitaxially lateral overgrown and bridge layers, an intense with sharp FWHM spectrum was observed. This result was consistent with the low etch pit density measured in these layers.
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Y. Enomoto, Y. Hayakawa, Y. Okano, D. Hirose, J. Shimizu, A. Hirata, N ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A102-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Dissolution of GaSb into InSb melt and the growth of InGaSb crystal by the HGF method were performed both under microgravity and on earth. To investigate the gravity effect on dissolution of GaSb into InSb melt, numerical simulations were carried out.
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Akira Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Yoneyama, Mitsunori Yagi, Masakazu Kimura, Toku ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A103-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The solute-feeding Czochralski method was applied to the growth of homogeneous bulk alloys from Ga-In-Sb ternary solution. By adjusting the growth condition so as to suppress the influence of thermal fluctuation on alloy composition, a GalnSb alloy with InSb content of about 0.6 was successfully pulled.
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T. Ozawa, Y. Hayakawa, N. Ishigami, T. Koyama, M. Kumagawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A104-
Published: July 01, 1998
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To investigate the solution convection for the rotational Bridgman method, we calculated the relationship between the ampoule rotation rate and temperature distribution in the growth solution reservoir. By increasing the ampoule rotation rate, the flow velocity in the In-Ga-Sb solution increased and also the temperature distribution tended to be uniform.
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K. Fujii, Y. Nezu, M. Tanaka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A105-A108
Published: July 01, 1998
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A determination of the Avogadro constant NA by the X-ray crystal density (XRCD) method is described, where the density p of silicon crystals has been determined with a relative uncertainty of 1.1×10^<-7> by the interferometric measurements of the diameters of 1-kg silicon spheres. Recent results on the molar volume M/p of silicon crystals suggest that a large number of microscopic defects are contained in the crystals.
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Hiroyuki Nagasawa, Kuniaki Yagi, Yukitaka Nakano
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A109-A112
Published: July 01, 1998
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The mechanism of 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial growth on Si(001) substrates has been explored using a hot-wall-type low-pressure reactor, into which SiH_2Cl_2 and C_2H_2 are fed alternately. The growth rate of 3C-SiC was determined from the amount of Si species taken into the surface of the substrate during feeding of SiH_2Cl_2. The grown 3C-SiC film on the Si substrate was found to consist of anti-phase boundaries (APBs) and twins. The annihilation of neighbouring APBS during the SiC growth process brought about a reduction in their densities.
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Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Yoshikazu Homma
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A113-A116
Published: July 01, 1998
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We have developed a scanning electron microscope-molecular beam epitaxy (SEM-MBE) system that allows observation of monomolecular steps during the growth of GaAs. When used with a GaAs (111)A Substrate that dramatically improves the flatness of the growing surface, it makes possible detailed observations of the fundamental growth processes of island nucleation, coalescence, and step motion.
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H. Furuya, I. Yamada, M. Yoshimura, K. Murase, Y. Mori, T. Sasaki
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A117-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We have developed GdxY1-xCa_4O_3(BO_3)_3(Gd_xY_<1-x>COB) crystal in order to control optical birefringence. Gd_xY_<1-x>COB crystals with uniform composition. Furthermore Gd_<0.24>Y_<0.76>Ca_4O(BO_3)_3 crystal is possible to generate (θ,φ)=(90°,90°) phase matched third harmonic of 1064nm light.
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Atsushi Nagahori
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A118-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Large crystals of calcium gadolinium oxoborate, Ca_4GdO(BO_3)_3 (GdCOB), have been grown by the Czochralski method. Typical size of crystals is 50mm in diameter and 50 mm in length. The obtained crystals are transparent. The quality of crystal depends on the oxygen content in the atmosphere.
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Takafumi Yamazaki, Yutaka Anzai, Kiyoshi Yamagishi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A119-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Cr doped forsterite (Mg_2SiO_4) single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method from stoichiometric melts containing 0.15 - 1.0wt.%Cr_2O_3. Absorption and emission spectra of these crystals were measured. Chromium valence states in forsterite crystals were discussed.
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A. YOSHIKAWA, P. RUDOLPH, B.M. EPELBAUM, K. SHIMAMURA, T. FUKUDA, Y. W ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A120-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Recent years, it is known that there are excellent high-temperature properties of YAG matrix composites reinforced with sapphire phase. In this report, we show first successful fabrication of sapphire/YAG eutectic fiber whose diameters are controlled around 200μmφ by micro pulling down (μ-PD) method. Electron diffraction indicates that both sapphire and YAG phases are single crystals with clear boundaries. Tensile test at 1700℃ shows that this fiber has plasticity under such an elevated temperature.
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Kumi Nagata, V.I. Chani, Tatsuo Kawaguchi, Minoru Imaeda, Tsuguo Fukud ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A121-
Published: July 01, 1998
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KLN ( K_3Li_2Nb_5O_<15>) single crystalline films have been grown by the liquid phase epitaxy ( LPE ) method from V.05 based fluxes. Ta-less and Ta-substituted KLN micro crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) technique, and were used as substrates. When the Ta concentration of substrates was high, crack-free high quality KLN films were obtained.
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S. Takekawa, Y. Furukawa, K. Kitamura
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A122-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Single crystals of SBN were grown by means of the floating zone method The congruent composition of SBN was studied by the slow cooling of the melt zone and found to be close to x=0.61, y=0.4985 for (Sr_xBa_<1-x>O)_<1-y>(Nb_2O_5)_y.
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Y. Nishimura, Y. Matsuoka, S. Miyashita, G. Sazaki, T. Nakada, H. Koma ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A123-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Liquidus composition of the Y_2Cu_2O_5 was confirmed by in-situ method under a high temperature optical microscop. With this result. Y_2Cu_2O_5 single crystals were successfully grown by the TSFZ method. This crystal showed antiferromagnetic transition below 13K and metamagnetic behavior which two magnetization steps were observed.
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H. Kimura, A. Miyazaki, X. Jia, K. Shimamura, T. Fukuda
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A124-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Small diameter crystals were grown by Floating-zone pulling down method and micro-pulling down method to be compared with large diameter crystals grown by Czochralski method. Crystal transparency was improved with decreasing of crystal diameter, i. e., decreasing of constitutional supercooling. This reason was increasing of temperature gradient caused by down-sizing of crystals and growth furnace.
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H. Motojima, S. Chino, T. Mizota, O. Shimomura
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A125-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We attempted growth of facetedβ-BaB_2O_4 single crystals using NaCl and Na_2O as the solvent. As a result. we found that it is possible to grow faceted crystal using Na_2O by the realization of a uniform temperature distribution.
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T. Katsumata, S. Komuro, T. Morikawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A126-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Sr(Al_x,Ml_<1-x>)_2O_4:Eu^<2+>,Ln^<3+> (M:B,Ga,In, Ln:lanthanides) have been grown by a Fz technique. Phosphoresence peaking at 520 nm was observed in crystals with M=B, Ga or In doped with Dy^<3+> or Nd^<3+>. The duration times varied with dopants.
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S. Otani
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A127-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Single crystals of the Va group transition metal diborides, VB_2, NbB_2 and TaB_2, were prepared by the RF-heated floating zone method. Influence of the growth conditions on the crystal quality was examined. The growth directions and the micro-hardness were measured, and compared with the other diboride crystals, ZrB_2 and WB_2.
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T. Takayama, X. Jia, K.J. Takano, M. Wakatsuki
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A128-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The effect of boron compound on sintered coesite has been searched by the synthesis of it under high pressure and high temperature. The surface of coesite which was synthesized without boron compound was non-faceted ,but that synthesized with boron compound was faceted. Boron compound became liquid phase under our experimental condition, and coesite has grown faceted in boron compound solution.
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N. Kuroishi, T. Onodera, Y. Abe, K. Mochizuki
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A129-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Bulk growth of CuInSe_2 was attempted by GP(Gradient Freezing) method under three different freezing conditions and the effect on grown crystals were evaluated.
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Y. Ishihara, T. Kiuchi, Y. Nabetani, T. Kato, T. Matsumoto
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A130-
Published: July 01, 1998
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CuGaInS defect chalcopyrite bulk crystals were grown by the solution method under controlled S vapor pressure. Composition of grown crystals varied from Cu(Ga,In)S_2 to Cu(Ga,In)_<4.6>S_<7.7> along the binary Cu(Ga,In)S_2 -(Ga,In)_2S_3 system.
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K. Shimamura, Namujilatu, T. Fukuda
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A131-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We have successfully grown LiCaAlF_6 and Ce,Na:LiCaAlF_6 Single crystals by the Czochralski method. Grown crystals were free of detrimental OH group. It was found that grown crystals had Li enriched composition and the segregation coefficient of Ce was 0.01. Tunability of Ce,Na:LiCaAlF_6 laser was confirmed at the wavelength region from 275nm to 320nm.
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S. L. BALDOCHI, I. M. RANIERI, A. M. E. SANTO, S. P. MORATO
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A132-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In this work we review the research done in the crystal growth laboratories of IPEN for the development of synthesis, purification and growth of fluorides crystals for laser applications.
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Y. Anzai, T. Yamazaki, T. Doi, A. Sugiyama, T. Sasuga, S. Kawanishi, T ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A133-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Yb doped fluoride single crystals, LiYF_4, LaF_3, CaF_2, SrF_2 and BaF_2, are grown by the Bridgman method. Absorption spectrum and emission spectrum are measured.
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N. Kanzaki, K. Onuma, A. Ito, T. Tateishi, S. Tsutsumi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A134-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Growth rate of hydroxyapatite c-face in a simulated body fluid was measured for the first time by moire phase shift interferometry to investigate the growth mechanism. Detailed surface morphology was observed by AFM indicating that the growth proceeded by multiple two-dimensionai nucleation mode and the spirai growth was never observed Edge free energy of c-face was calculated as 3.3 kT from the result of the growth rate measurements, which was the same order as that of the macromolecular protein crystals.
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Atsuo Ito, Kazuo Onuma, Tetsuya Tateishi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A135-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Spirai growth mechanism of hydroxyapatite has not been established yet by direct evidences. It is possible that the spiral dislocation is introduced along the c direction by the stacking fault of Ca9(PO4)6 clusters even when hydroxyapatite dose not grow by the spirai growth mechanism.
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Kazuo Onuma, Atsuo Ito, Noriko Kanzaki, Tetsuya Tateishi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A136-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The formation process of amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP) was investigated using intensity-enhanced dynamic light scattering technique. A psudo-physiological solution bubbled by CO_2 gas was prepared to form ACP with gradual release of CO_2 gas due to increase the pH of the solution from acidic to slight alkaline regions. It was confirmed that the 0.4-1.5 nm sized particles existed in the solution.
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F. Kaneko, H. Tsujiuchi, K. Tashiro, J. Yano, M. Suzuki
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A137-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Polymorphism has been studied in pentadecanoic acid of odd-number fatty acid The B' form is the stable phase above 30℃ and the A'h form below 30℃. The A'h form performs a reversible solid-state phase transition to A'l by cooling. This transition can be initiated also by a mechanical stress. Transitions by a mechanical stress has been observed also between B' and A'h. These transitions can be recognized as martensitic transitions.
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Takami Matsumoto, Nobuhiro Fukusima, Kenji Waizumi
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A138-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The concentration changes in the supersaturated solutions during 2Zn-insulin precipitation have been measured and analysed by applying the self-assembly theory of protein, and it was found that the the precrystalline aggregate of insulin is constructed by four insulin hexamers.
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Shigeru Sakurazawa, Mitsuo Ataka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A139-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Tetragonal crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme were grown at 18℃ in a strong magnetic field of 6T. Before equilibrium, they were taken out of the field and the temperature was increased at the same time. Macroscopic steps grew from the (101) surfaces toward the c-axis direction. The experience of the strong magnetic field in the early stage of the crystal growth is cconsidered to affect the subsequent growth.
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Jens Tack, Mitsuo Ataka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A140-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Crystal growth of lumazine synthase from Bacillus subtilis was studied. This enzyme sub-complex has a spherical shape with a diameter of nearly 150Å (molecular weight of about IMDa) with icosahedral symmetry. Crystalline morphology, time-course of growth, and growth rate were determined together with crystalline solubility.
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Yoshinori Takahashi, Hiroaki Adachi, Junko Yabuzaki, Yusuke Mori, Taka ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A141-
Published: July 01, 1998
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High quality DAST(4-demethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium Tosylate) crystal has been grown from saturated methanol solution by a slow cooling method. The FWHM of (001) XRD rocking curve could be decreased to 15.8 arcsec., 1.5 times larger than that of Si(111). It was found that there is a close relationship between the mechanical property and the crystallinity. The Vickers hardness increase up to 49 as decreasing the FWHM.
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Yoshihisa Suzuki, Seiji Sawamura, Hiroshi Matsuo, Tomohiro Takagi, Osa ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A142-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Solubilities (m_s) of glycine ( Gly ), l-glutamic acid ( l-Glu ) and monosodium l-glutamate monohydrate ( MSG ) in water were measured at 298.15±0.05 K and up to 300 MPa. m_s of MSG increased with increasing pressure and that of Gly decreased ( Figure ). That of l-Glu have the maximum solubility around 200 MPa ( Figure ). The increase or decrease in m_s with increasing pressure thermodynamically corresponds to the sign of the volume change accompanying the dissolution of the crystal in water.
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Etsuro Yokoyama
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A143-
Published: July 01, 1998
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A model explaining the appearance of periodical patterns of a growing crystal is suggested. The model includes the hysteresis of surface kinetics coupled with transport of molecules through the solution toward the crystal surface. We show that the oscillatory growth of crystals is caused by the hysteresis loop of kinetic coefficient.
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K. Okada, E. Yokoyama, K. Tsukamoto, S. Miyashita
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A144-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We have developed a method of investigating a concentration filed around a growing crystal from solution using image sequence processing. The counter map of concentration field was visualized using fringe pattern analysis , such as thinning processing, inverse of cosine transform and Fourie fringe analysis.
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T. Uchida, T. Ebinuma, H. Narita
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A145-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In-situ observations of formation and dissociation processes of CO_2 hydrates were carried out in a liquid CO_2 and water system by using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Since the hydrate crystal is transparent, the interferometric method is useful to measure the change of Physical properties of both the hydrate crystal and the environment during the formation and growth Processes. The shift of the fringe provided that the formation heat increased the temperature of liquid CO_2, and the refraction index of CO_2 hydrates were 0.03% greater than that of water.
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Toshiya Abe, Katsuo Tsukamoto
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A146-
Published: July 01, 1998
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In situ observations with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer have been carried out on the crystal growth at high temperatures. The interference fringes were bent around the crystal and their angles were changed with ΔT. The observed shifts have been verified to be due mainly to the concentration gradient for the system experimented.
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S. Miyashita, K. Kurihara, K. Hasehawa, G. Sazaki, T. Nakada, S. D. Du ...
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A147-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Change in concentration distribuion around a growing crystal caused by a sudden change in gravity from 1g to μg was measured with interferometric optical microscopy. Effect of the buoyancy driven convection on the concentration distribution is discussed with the results.
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T. Inoue, K. Mori, H. Mori, K. Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A148-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We investigated the relationship between the growth morphology and variation in conditions of supercooling and concentration in the growth of Na_2S_2O_3・5H_2O. The growth process of the crystals were in situ observed by the schlieren method.
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T. Inoue, H. Kodama, K. Nishioka
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A149-
Published: July 01, 1998
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We invetigated the habit changes of NaBrO_3 crystals grown from solution doped with acetic acid of 2.8 mol.%. The morphodrom obtained in this work was compared with those obtained in the growth from pure and/or 1.15 mol.% doped solution.
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M. Shinmura, D.K. Aswal, T. Koyama, Y. Hayakawa, M. Kumagawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A150-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The crystal growth of YBa_2Cu_3O_x from self-flux without or with Ag addition have been observed in-situ using high temperature optical microscopy. The results show that Ag addition dose not alter signifiantly the growth mechanism. morphorogy or growth rate.
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M. Shinmura, D.K. Aswal, T. Koyama, Y. Hayakawa, M. Kumagawa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A151-
Published: July 01, 1998
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The pseudo-binary phase diagram between NdBa_2Cu_3O_x and Ba_3Cu_<10>O_<13>, and the crystallization of NdBa_2Cu_4O_x in air have been observed in-situ using high temperature optical microscopy. For Ba_3Cu_<10>O_<13> composition range of 0-60mol%, the crystallization of NdBa_2Cu_3O_x via the peritectic reaction (Nd_4Ba_2Cu_2O_<10> +L→NdBa_2Cu_4O_x) has been directly ob. served. On the other hand, for higher flux composition the growth mechanism of NdBa_2Cu_4O_x changed from polyhedral via stacked to dendritic crystals with increasing cooling rate.
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K. Maiwa
Article type: Article
1998 Volume 25 Issue 3 Pages
A152-
Published: July 01, 1998
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Growth and dissolution of crystals in Sr(NO_3)_2-H_2O system which has a peritectic temperature T_p=29℃. Both high- (Sr(NO_3)_2) and low- (Sr(NO_3)_2・4H_2O) temperature phases can grow simultaneously in a liquid of the composition near the peritectic point when the liquid is cooled below T_p. The latter phase begins to melt congruently at a temperature above T_p, which is followed by the formation of the latter phase in the produced liquid.
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