As the first of a series of studies aimed at arriving at a conception of what a correctional institution should be ideally like, the present research tried to clarify some determinants of the adjustment structure developed by newly arrived juvenile inmates to a correctional institution characterized by dissociation from the outside world and administration of correctional measures. In order to exemplify the stated problem, T. Juvenile Reformatory in Tohoku District, which is also a job training center, was selected. The adjustment problem was approached conceptually by locating it in the following, typically encountered three-step sequence; incidence of ani-social behavior……admission to correctional instititution (rehabilitational guidance)…… return to the original social setting.

The study revealed that the adjustment mode of an inmate to the institution was jointly determined, among others, by the following two basic factors; the attitude of his primary social miliue toward him prior to his admission to the institution and his post-rehabilitational attitude, i. e., whether he in fact wishes to return to his original social setting or not.

Consequently, the four types of adjustment structure were proposed.

Type I occurs when the inmate expects eventual return to where he came from, and the latter also expects his return within it. Type Ⅱ is the case in which despite the inmate’s desire to return to his primary social setting, the latter gives indications to reject his desire. In Type Ⅲ the inmate expects dissociation from the primary social miliue after discharge and the latter also acts to reject the former. Type Ⅳ happens when the inmate desire dissociation while the outside society accepts him.

For each Type, probable adjustment mode were proposed at resulting from a dynamic interaction of the gradation ot socialization achieved, degree and mode of anti-sociality and post-correctional expectation (plus or minus) of the inmate.

General outline of therapeutic approach at Nakano Prison continues from the last issue.

(Ⅲ) Readjustment program for so-called untreatable inmates

The treatment activities for the untreatable inmates had been developed mainly through the effort of clinicians, but the program of untreatable inmates can be seen from three defferent standpoints, that is, (1) correctional officer, (2) the management and specialists, (3) inmates. This is reflection of general public’s view of criminal. Therapist, effort, will be fruitless if they do not clearly realize on which standpoint they view the problem. Untreatable inmates segregated in the solitary rooms are alienated people in the institution. Readjustment program had been carried out from 1960 to 1965 for those inmates who were often involved in the violation of rules and had difficulties in adjusting the institutional life. They prepared themselves for returning to the general population in this unit which had several kinds of treatment programs.

(Ⅳ) Discussion on the treatment techniques

With the progress of readjustment program many inmates were treated successfully in this unit for a comoaratively short period and returned to the general population. Along with this unit active counseling program for general population were also organized and more than two thirds of the inmates were enrolled into the program. But these programs declined since 1965 because of criticism by fellow specialists and administrator who thought much of custdy labor. Our misbelief also contributed to the failure that inmate’s personal problems could be solved in the course of the readjustment program. Therapeutic programs tried in the adjustment unit including individual and group counseling, dialy discipline, physical training, chorus, painting, autogenic training, and psychological testing were not fully administered. Sometimes we did not have definite treatment plan for each inmate based on scientific diagnosis. We provided for future development by closely working with correctional officersand reexamining the techniques we used.