In many cases, group psychotherapy in prison evokes very strong resistance to the prisoners. This resistance impedes the procedure of the therapy and likely causes it to fail.

In this study, we first observed the prisoners in the early therapeutic situation and studied the types of resistance in early stage of the therapy. Secondly, we sought to find out factors that cause such resistance in the prisoners. Then, we studied how the process of the therapy is related to this resistance.

Some findings in this study are as follows:

1) The resistance observed in the early therapeutic situation has to do with distrust in the prisoners rooted in their family life and/or caused by being institutionalized. This resistance, therefore, seems to be related to the prisoners’ personality traits and previous life history.

2) The occurrence of the resistance greately depends on the variables in the therapeutic situation. When the institution provides variables appropriate to produce a good therapeutic situation, less resistance occurrs, and group therapy becomes successful. From this, it is apparent that the variables of the therapeutic situation have more to do with the cause of the resistance than the personality traits and life history in psychotherapy in the prison.

3) No covert resistance facilitates the psychotherapy, whereas overt resistance brings about effective therapy.

Although students of crime and delinquency and the practitioners of the correctional education know the importance of victim experiences in the course of the formation of delinquent readiness, there are few studies intended to understand the relationship between victim experiences and later delinquency in criminal sociology, criminal psychology, and victimology. So we attempted to make clear the way how the victim experiences influenced upon the later delinquent behavior, considering the way the fundamental society for juveniles coped with their victim experiences.

Subjects were the inmates who were consigned to Yamaguchi Juvenile Detention and Classification Home during 1974, 1 to 1975, 3. Of the total inmates during the term, 60 male and 2 female juveniles had experienced victim once or more. These 62 inmates were given a fact-finding and ecological questionaire regarding the occurrence situation of the victim. And we took document method through the juvenile records of the Home.

The main results were as follows:

(1) When juveniles had not formed the delinquent readiness before the victim experience, the experience did not directly influence to the formation and fixation of delinquent readiness.

(2) In case juveniles had formed the delinquent readiness before the victim experience, the relation of victim experience to later delinquency was able to divide into two subtypes; the direct relation type and the no relation type. In the former case, the victim experience functioned to reinforce the delinquent readiness, to deepen “Delinquent Depth”, to change the delinquent means, or to correct the delinquent readiness. And there were many cases which victim experiences did not influence the later delinquency.

(3) The function of victim experience in the later delinquent behavior was related with the way of the fundamental society for juveniles coping with their victim experiences.

As a whole, we were obliged to propose only hypothetically the frame work to study the relationship between victim experience and the later delinquency. We will study each type more detail by interviewing the juvenile delinquents intensively.

1．個別処遇の理念にもとづくDifferential Treatmentを我が国で実施するために，その前提として我が国独自の処遇類型をうちたてる必要があるが，そのために, H・Quayの類型の意義と，我が国での追試にはじまるcross-cultural comparative studyが重要であることが述べられた。

2．その第1段階として，測度の1つであるBehavior Checklistの研究を行うため，原法が邦訳され，訓練をうけた職員が行動観察の結果，行動をチェックした。対象は播磨少年院在院生50名，神戸少年鑑別所入所少年100名である。

3．Checklistの各項目について項目間因子分析が行われ，バリマックス法により回転した回転行列が作成された。その結果6つの因子が抽出され，第1因子は原法のCP，第2因子はほぼPP，第3因子はほばSDにあたることが見出され，文化交差的に，非行少年の行動特性には，ほば共通した位層の存在することが明らかにされた。ただ，第4因子は，自我の弱い情緒不安定なヒステリ－性格という意味づけをもち，原法II因子と似てはいるが，日本的な側面をもつことが示唆された。また，第5因子は学校恐怖症的な因子，第6因子はスピーチに関する因子と考えられた。

4．知能及び年令と，因子得点の相関が計算され，年令と第1，第2，第3因子とに有意の相関が見出された。

5．今後の問題として，各因子に相当するケースについて実際的妥当性をみることや，他の測度についてcross-culturalな研究を行う必要性が述べられた。