So long as Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin (AF) method is tested under the conditions that the AF solution should be used from three to seven days after preparation, two sorts of lipopigments, namely, ceroid and lipofuscin can be discriminated from each other in that the former was moderately positive with the AF method and the latter, almost negative.
By introducing various pre-treatments, such as peracetic acid or periodic acid oxidation followed by methylation to the procedure of the AF method, it was found that the AF-positive finding of ceroid is ascribable to the presence of carboxylic groups of protein low in aqueous solubility.
The presence in lipofuscin of carboxylic groups of protein low in aqueous solubility may be denied, because lipofuscin shows no positive reaction with the AF method.
Ceroid in the lymph node of a rat fed on a vitamin E-deficient diet for about one year, stains somewhat weakly with the AF method, however, this sort of ceroid became intensely positive with the same method after peracetic acid oxidation, because this pigment is regarded as being rich in disulfide groups.
Moreover, an intense coloration of ceroid in the liver as well as in the lymph nodes obtained with the AF method following peracetic acid oxidation can withstand the treatment with a 6-hour,60°C methylation, however, the moderately positive periodic acid-AF reaction of ceroid cannot withstand the same treatment.
This finding may be satisfactorily accounted for by the appearance of sulfonic groups in ceroid obtained by peracetic acid oxidation of disulfide groups.
On the other hand, lipofuscin indicates a moderately positive peracetic acid-and periodic acid-AF reaction whose coloration cannot withstand the treatment with a 6-hour,60°C methylat ion, but a 4-hour,60°C methylation.
From these findings it may be considered that a sort of proteinic groups other than disulfide groups is responsible for the oxidation-AF-positive finding of lipofuscin, and for the periodic acid-AF-positive finding of ceroid.
Besides, acid-fast lipofuscin granules found in the nerve cells both in the human brain and in the brain of rats fed on a vitamin E-deficient diet over one year scarecely stain with the AF method with which ceroid in the Rouget cells gives an intensely positive reaction. On the basis of the above findings the author supports the assumption that they should not be regarded as ceroid, but as a sort of lipofuscin. The entity of yellow pigment contained in fat-granule cells (“gitter cells”) is also discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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The inactivation of antibiotics in the liver is one of the most important problems in the field of chemotherapy. Serial estimation of the in vitro recovery rate of the activities of antibiotics in rat liver homogenate kept at 0°C were made by bioassay (OKUBO's band culture method). The results obtained were as follows:
1) The changes in antibacterial activity of the various antibiotics in rat liver ho mogenate could be divided into four types:
(1) H (CER, CEZ) - no significant decrease in activity, more than 80% recovery throughout 24 hours preservation;
(2) L (JM) - immediate decrease down to 20%, no activity recurrence;
(3) SD (MCI-PC) - gradual decrease, no recurrence; and
(4) V (TC, PC-G) - gradual decrease followed by recurrence of activity up to more than 80% after 24 hours. This“recurrence phenomenon”is a new finding, hitherto unreported. The antibiotics kept in rat blood displayed similar patterns to those kept in the liver homogenate but not so clearly.
2) The mechanism of the recurrence phenomenon was further studied as follows:
(a) Influence of heat treatment: The antibacterial activity of TC added to liver homogenate previously treated with heat (56 °C,20 min. ) gradually decreased without recurrence, while that of PC-G showed no decrease during 24 hours.
(b) Influence of EDTA addition: PC-G presented activity recurrence despite the previous addition of EDTA to the liver homogenate, but TC did not.
(c) Bio-autograms revealed that the recurrence phenomenon of both antibiotics was not due to the production of metabolites.

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Model experiments using metal ions and human albumin dissolved in phosphate buffer were carried out in order to analyse the mechanism of the recurrence of PC-G and TC activity. The results obtained were as follows:
1) Metal ion solutions: TC activity decreased markedly in a ferric ion solution; PC-G did so in a cupric solution.
2) Albumin solutions: PG-G displayed recurrence in solutions of human or rat albumin, but not in solutions of egg albumin. TC presented no recurrence in any of the solutions.
3) Mixture of metal ions and human albumin: Both PC-G and TC showed recurrence in the mixture.
4) Differential absorption spectrum studies Changes were found in the differntial absorption spectrum of TC at 360 mμ and in that of PC-G at 255 mμ or 262 mμ in the presence of metal ions. The addition of human albumin reduced these changes. Assays of antibacterial activity under the same conditions revealed that the latter can almost parallel to the changes seen in the differential absorption spectrum.
The above mentioned results suggest that the recurrence of TC activity may be related to both metal ions and protein; while that of PC-G may be related to protein.

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The following studies were also made on the mechanism of the activity recurrence phenomenon of antibiotics in rat liver homogenate:
1) Dialysis: Liver homogenate dialysed with a phosphate buffer permitted the recurrence ability of both TC and PC-G. On the other hand, dialysis with distilled water could not restore TC activity, but it could restore PC-G activity.
2) Gel-filtration with Sephadex G-25: Both antibiotics restored their activity in the supernatant of homogenate which had been gelfiltered with Sephadex G-25 in order to eliminate the low molecular substances.
3) Gel-filtration with Sephadex G-200: The liver homogenate supernatant was fractionated by gel-filtration with Sephadex G-200, yielding four fractions. Both TC and PC-G significantly displayed the recurrende phenomenon in fraction I.
4) Ultracentrifugation: Fraction I was ultracentrifuged and divided into supernatant and pellet. The supernatant showed recurrence of PC-G activity but not of TC activity. The latter kept its potency throughout the term. On the other hand, the pellet, homogenized with a phosphate buffer, reduced the activity of both PC-G and TC and prevented recurrence. The pellet suspension mixed with fractions II,III, and IV also failed to permit the recurrence of PC-G and TC activity.
The results obtained seem to suggest that these are two factors in rat liver homogenate which participate in the recurrence of antibiotic activity, i. e. one which decreases the activity and another which restores it. The recurrence phenomenon may be caused by a shift in the mutual relationship between these two antagonistic factors in course of time. The identification of the exact nature of these factors requires further investigation.

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Left ventricular hemodynamics and angiocardiographic morphology in ventricular premature contraction were studied in 8 closed-chest dogs by means of high-speed cineleftventriculography (35mm,130 frames per second).
Ventricular premature beats were artificially induced by bipolar electrodes indwelled in the 'left ventricular wall. The timing and duration of mitral regurgitation, the sequential changes of the left ventricular shape and pressure were investigated for the ventricular premature contraction originated from septal portion as well as for those from free wall of the ventricle. The ventricular premature contraction following normal beat was called 1st VPC and those following 1st VPC was 2nd VPC in this study.
Results obtained were as follows.
1) Mitral regurgitation was observed cineangiographically in every ventricular premature contraction studied.
2) The duration of mitral regurgitation was 7.3±2.3 frames (mean±1 SD) in septal VPC group and 11.8±3.2 frames in free wall VPC group. The difference of the groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).
3) Abnormal systolic bulge was almost always demonstrated during every VPC studied at the stimulating electrodes site. The extent of bulging was greater in 1st VPC than in 2nd. However there was no relationship between the left ventrieular peak pressure and the extent of bulging.
4) The coupling interval ratio of ventricular premature contraction had a relationship to left ventricular systolic pressure (r=0.823, P<0.01), but not to the duration of mitral regurgitation.
5) It was discussed that mitral regurgitation associated with VPC would result mainly from abnormal sequence of ventricular contraction with abnormal systolic bulge as well as in part from the absence of atrial contribution to mitral valve closure.
The decrease in left ventricular pressure at the time of VPC may as well be postulated by the decreased ventricular filling due to shortening of the proceeding diastole, absence of atrial kick, mitral regurgitation and change of sequence in ventricular contraction

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Electro-physiological studies on the effect of intrathecal injection of CDP-choline on the central nervous system were carried out in the rabbit and the following observed.
1) Intrathecal injection of CDP-choline with the animal in a horizontal position resulted in a depression of the threshold of both the arousal reaction and evoked muscular discharge to the same degree.
2) With the animal in the same position, intrathecal injection of Ringer's solution resulted in a rise in the threshold of the arousal reaction and the evoked muscular discharge.
3) Intrathecal injection of Ringer's solution with the animal at an incline of 45°also resulted in a rise in the thresholds but the degree of increase of the arousal reaction of the cerebral cortex and the evoked muscular discharge of the fore and hind limbs was greater compared to the findings with the animal in the horizontal position.
4) When CDP-choline was injected intrathecally with the animal in the 45°inclined position, the decline in the thresholds of the arousal reaction and the evoked muscular discharge was weaker than with the animal in the horizontal position up to about 20 minutes but became greater after 30 minutes.
These results indicate that CDP-choline has a direct action on the brain and spinal cord when injected intrathecally in addition to the effects occurring with intravenous injection.

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An autopsy case was reported on cephalothoracopagus monosymmetros cyclops of a female infant, eight months of 'gestation, delivered by a 25 years-old primipara Japanese. The present case was suggested to be the monster by X-ray examination before artificial laber. There were no history of condgenital malformation in her close relatives and no consanguineous marridge. Her mother had not been affected by such factors causing probable malformation during her pregnancy as viral and bacterial infection, irradiation, trauma of the abdomen, etc. There was one placenta weighing 380gm with a common umblical cord.
The specimen consisted of two apparently identical female twins joined ventrally from the umbilicus upward. There were four arms and four legs. There was only one welldeveloped face, on the opposite side of which there was a malformed. face with a cutaneous proboscis just upon the cyclopia. As shown in this present report, the skeletal systems and internal organs in the jointed head and trunk showed a complex arrangement, as well as a typical connection mode.

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The present study was conducted in the attempt to clarify the mechanism of action of the therapeutic effect of CDP-choline on the symptoms of the Barré-Lieou syndrome, such as vertigo, nausea and headache.
1) CDP-choline showed a facilitatory effect on the intestinal motility of the ascending colon, determined by the Balloon method, regardless of the influence of the central nervous system. The nausea eliminating effect of CDP-choline can be explained by this facilitatory effect on the gastro-intestinal tract.
2) CDP-choline showed a facilitatory effect on the blood flow speed in the common carotid artery, measured by the Doppler method. The therapeutic effect of CDP-choline on headache can be explained by this improvement in cerebral blood flow.
3) CDP-choline showed a facilitatory effect on the number of unit discharges in the brain stem reticular formation. The mechanism of action of CDP-choline on vertigo could not be explained by the result of this experiment but it was substantiated that this compound has a direct facilitatory effect on the nerve cells of the brain stern reticular formation.

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