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Volume 51 (1999)
- Issue 2-4 Pages 125-
Volume 51, Issue 2-4
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Effects of incubation with glucose and u r e aKozo Tanaka, Mitsushige Nishikawa1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 125-131
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigatet he effecto f uremiaa nd hemodialysios n hem oglobignl ycosylationan d carbamylation, (1) pre- and post-dialysise rythrocytes(RBC) were incubatedw ith variousc onditionsa nd their HbAi changesw ere measureda, nd (2) wholeb loodw as incubatedw ith glucoseo r urea, followedb y measuring HbA1c oncentrationasf ter separatingold and youngR BCb ymeanso fpartial hemolysisS. tudy subjects were 25 patientsw ith chronicr enal failure on hemodialysisa, n d H bA1a nd its fractionsw ere measured by microchromatographteicc hniquesH. bAi, A ia-f-ba nd A le did not changes ignificantlyb y a session of hemodialysios f 4-5 hrs. Howeverp, re-dialysisb loods howeda significanth igherH bA1a nd its fractions than post-dialysisb loodw henm easureda fter incubatingt hem for 7 days. H bAi and its fractionss howed an increasei n a greater degreew hen incubatingR BCw ith pre-dialysisp lasmat han with post-dialysis plasma. R BCf rom patientsr eceivingh emodialysiws ith glucose-containindgia lysates howeda greater increase in H bA1b y the incubationY. oungerR BCw hich are morer esistant to low osmoticp ressure than old RBCw ere apt to be glycosylateodr to be carbamylated. These findingss uggestt hat uremiaa nd g lucose-containinhge modialysatea ccelerateR BCg lycosylation and carbamylationw hich might relate to RBCm etabolisma nd that the sufficienth emodialysis is necessary to prevent Hb abnormal metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1278K) -
Correlation between HbA1a+b and uremic toxins and adequate hemodialysisKozo Tanaka, Mitsushige Nishikawa1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 132-140
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood urea nitrogen (BUN) increases and renal anemia develops with the advance of chronic renal failure. Carbamylated hemoglobin, a condensation product of hemoglobin with urea-derived cyanate, increases as BUN elevates. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relation between HbA1and renal function or renal anemia and to evaluate the usefulness of measuring HbA1 in hemodialysis patients. Subjects were patients with chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients. HbA1 was determined by microchromatographic technique, using the Monitor G column. HbA1a+b correlated with BUN and creatinine in nondialyzed renal failure patients without diabetic nephropathy. A significant positive correlation was also found between HbA1a+b/HbA1 and BUN, showing that hemoglobin carbamylation has an important role in the increased HbA1 level in renal failure. HbA1 a±b showed a negative correlation with Hb, suggesting hemoglobin carbamylation may play a part of renal anemia in renal failure patients. HbA1a+b was decreased within 5∼6h of acetate dialysis in non-diabetic patients. However, glycosylation may occur during a hemodialysis session with the dialysate containing 200mg/dl glucose. Coefficients of variation of HbA1a+b was smaller than that of pre-dialysis BUN level. These results suggest that HbA1a+b is a useful indicator of control in regular dialysis patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1244K) -
Toshiko Nagata, Yukihisa Umeda, Masaya Urakami, Mitsuo Inada1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 141-149
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to assess the role of urin ary dipeptidyl aminopeptidase N (DAP IV) in early diabetic nephropathy and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We compared urinary DAP N activity, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity, and albumin levels between healthy subjects, non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects that did not show clinical proteinuria, and IGT subjects. In healthy subjects, a significant difference in the excretion of urinary DAP IV occurred with age. Therefore, we focused mainly on the results of the forties of each group. Urinary DAP IV activity in NIDDM subjects, and IGT subjects was significantly higher than that in controls (1 1.8 ± 5.3,7.2 ±1.4,5.7 ± 0.8 U/g creatinine (Cr), respectively, p <0.0 0 1). No statistically significant difference in urinary NAG activity was observed compared with controls (NIDDM; 4.5 ± 2.7, IGT; 3.7 ± 1.7, control; 2.9 ± 1.2 U/g Cr). A significant correlation was observed between urinary DAP N and urinary NAG in NIDDM and IGT groups. In both groups, some subjects showed elevated DAP N activity despite normal NAG activity, while no subjects showed both normal DAP IV activity and higher NAG activity. Urinary albumin levels in NIDDM subjects also were higher than those in controls (p < 0.0 1), but this difference was less pronounced than that for DAP IV activity (p < 0.0 0 1). We conclude that measurement of urinary DAP N activity is a useful tool for detecting early diabetic nephropathy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1585K) -
Toshiko Tokoro, Norio Yoshikawa, Akira Shouzu, Mitsushige Nishikawa1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 150-158
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the pathophysiology of the uremia-related immunodeficiency, we measured the lymphocytes subsets and their activation in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), and evaluated the effect of recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) treatment in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis (HD). We also engrafted their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice to investigate PBMC function independently of the uremic milieu. Patients with HD had normal percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes populations, but CD19+ cells decreased in number. However, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and the percentage of helper Ti (Thl) subpopulation increased, and the activation of CD3+ and CD4+ cells to AMLR reduced. After the treatment of Epo, the reduced activation of CD3 + and CD4 + cells in the AMLR was normalized. In SCID mice to which human PBMC were engrafted, human immunoglobulin and IL-6 concentrations in serum were not different between those with PBMC from patients on HD and mice with PBMC from normal controls. These data suggest that (1) the number of B lymphocytes decreases and that of Thl cells increase in patients on HD, (2) their CD3+ and CD4 + cell activation in the AMLR is reduced and that (3) the immunological abnormality can be returned to normal in several weeks when anemia or the uremia-related milieu is improved.View full abstractDownload PDF (1408K) -
Masaya Urakami, Yukihisa Umeda, Yoko Yamane1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 159-167
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of smoking on plasma and platelet arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, platelet aggregation with AVP, and AVP binding to platelets in normal subjects. Plasma and platelet AVP levels increased to the peak level at 5 to 10 min after the start of smoking, and decreased thereafter in parallel with plasma nicotine levels. A good correlation was found between plasma nicotine levels and plasma AVP levels, and also between plasma and platelet AVP levels. These results suggest that platelets rapidly take up endogenously released AVP from plathna. We also observed a decreased platelet aggregation with AVP ex vivo when the plasma and platelet AVP levels were elevated in vivo after somking. Binding experiments of washed platelets did not demonstrate any change in receptor number or affinity before and after smoking. These findings indicate that endogenously released AVP taken up by platelets desensitizes platelets to AVP without loss of AVP receptor number or modification of receptor affinity for AVP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1395K) -
Masaya Urakami, Yukihisa Umeda, Yoko Yamane1999 Volume 51 Issue 2-4 Pages 168-174
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2013
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe found 3 subjects whose platelets lacked an aggregation response to arginine vasopressin (AVP) out of 36 healthy subjects. These 3 subjects (Non-Responders; NR) were compared with 8 subjects whose platelets responded completely to AVP (Responders; R). All cases were young healthy men without bleeding disorders or tendencies. Platelet function was evaluated by aggregation response to AVP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, and epinephrine. Resting and AVP-stimulated [Ca2+]i in platelets were also measured. We measured AVP levels in platelet free plasma (PFP) and in platelets, and characterized AVP receptor on platelets. There were no significant differences in platelet aggregation with ADP, collagen, and epinephrine between the 2 groups. Addition of AVP to platelets showed a rapid but transient increase in [Ca2+]i in both groups, but the peak level was extremely low in NR. The binding experiment demonstrated that maximal binding capacity (B max) of AVP receptor on platelets was significantly reduced in NR (B max; 213 ± 12 SEM sites/cell in N vs.30 ± 4 sites/cell in NR). PFP and platelet AVP levels did not differ between the 2 groups. These results indicate that the selective lack of platelet aggregation with AVP is caused probably by congenitally reduced B max of AVP receptor.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K)
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