The method of radiography of the osseous auditory tube with or without contrast medium and its validity in diagnosis of chronic supprative otitis media was examined.
1. The best roentgenogram of the osseous tube was found to be obtained by projection of X-ray in the vertical plane with 5 degrees of lateral deviation. In contrast radiography of the tube, radio-opaque (40 per cent moljodol) was injected into the tube using Atom LG-2 Lymphography from the pharyngeal orifice with pressure of 3 kg/cm².
2. In simple osseous-tubo-radiography, linear shadows of the anterior and posterior wall of the tube and that of the surrounding tissues were found to demonstrate pathological changes in the osseous auditory tube.
3. In chronic suppurative otitis media, the shadow of“semicanalis musculi tensoris tympani”showed marked irregularity.
4. By combination of three tests, that is-simple osseous-tubo-radiography, contrast osseous-tubo-radiography and chloromycetin test, pathological changes of the osseous auditory tube in chronic otitis media can be evaluated more accurately. About 81% of cases with chronic supprative otitis media were found to have abnormal findings in these three tests.
5. Validity of tests above-mentioned was confirmed through both macroscopic findings of the tympanic orifice of the tube during ear surgery and histological findings of the tissue around the osseous tube.

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Enzymic digestive method has been proved by us to be useful for the detection of some phospholipids, because many phospholipids are hydrophilic and boiled snake venom is a well-recognized pure source of phospholipase A2. Unfortunately, the enzyme is apt to be less active towards the phospholipids in formalin-fixed tissues than in fresh ones. From the present point of view, in regard to the structure and function of biological membranes“Fluid Mosaic Model”by Singer and Nicolson seems to be available. The biological membrane is composed of proteins and lipds. In comparison of the protein, there have been few researches towards a morphology of the membrane lipids.
In the present paper, the digestive method with snake venom phospholipase was applied to guinea pig erythrocyte for the morphological observation of membrane's phospholipids. Some phospholipids in the cell membrane of intact red cells suspended in an isotonic buffer might be digested easily by snake venom phospholipase, because they are unfixed and are sufficiently in contact with the enzyme. Phospholipase can only act on the outer layer of intact red cell membrane on guinea pig red cells. The outer layer of membranes is mainly composed of lecithin. In this case, the lecithin is converted into lyso-derivative and fatty acid. Moreover, phospholipase is found to digest phospholipids in the washed intact red cell membrane without causing significant hemolysis, if the isotonic reaction medium contains no albumin. Therefore, the derived fatty acids should be converted to be insoluble soaps in situ, which could be used for the detection of digested phospholipids. By the way, the duplicate control sample was coducted in exactly the same medium except that phospholipase A had been omitted.
Fresh samples of guinea pig blood were obtained by heart punction. In order to check the enzymic digestion, light-microscopic observation was carried out. This histochemical procedure is similar to Holczinger's method for the detection of fatty acids. The digested erythrocytes were colored dark green, but duplicate control materials were colored just gray. The percentages of Holczinger-positive red cells on the light-microscopic observations were counted after several durations of the digestion with several concentrations of Naja Naja phospholipase. More than 50 minutes of digestive process can introduce about 80% in the ratio of digested erythrocytes. Enzymic digestion was repressed by Glutaraldehyde fixation. As another check for the enzymic digestion, the derived fatty acids in the supernatant of the reaction medium containig albumin was determined biochemically. In comparison of the reaction medium containing neither albumin nor enzyme, free fatty acids increased definitely in the supernatant of reaction medium containing albumin. Therefore, the enzymic digestion was carried out on the cell membrane following this procedures, and the increased fatty acid might be derived from some phospholipids in the cell membrane.

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House wife,49 years old,3 deliveries in 15 pregnancies, regular cycle.
Atypical genital bleeding continued since August,1976, and adenocarcinoma in the uterine cervix was detected on November when she consulted first a gynecologist. The operation was performed in the Kansai Medical University Hospital on January,1977.
Pigion's egg-sized, nodular tumor occured in the anterolateral portion of the cervix of the uterus, which was normal-sized and located normally (Fig.1). Metastatic foci could be found in 3 lymph nodes, out of 8 examined nodes, histologically.
Tumor cells were mainly large, clear and round shaped, and they hold glycogen granules and lipid in the cytoplasms sometimes. Histological pattern of the tumor tissue was mostly solid alveolar (hypernephroma-like) type, and tubulocystic space, in which diastaseresistant PAS-positive materials could be seen, and intracystic glomeruloid structure revealed in some places of the tumor.
The mesonephric origin of the tumor was discussed, and mesonephric carcinoma of the uterine cervix was reviewed.

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It is widely known that abnormality of basic activities in EEG appear and increase in the schizophrenic patients during psychotropic drug treatment. There are several communications with regard to this phenomenon and the authors seem to intend for groping some way to physiological aspect of the recovery process and for finding a new clue to develope ant i-psychot ic substances.
The research group to which the present author belongs has been studying on computerized analysis of EEG changes in psychotic patients as well as neurotic and epileptic ones during drug treatment since 1970 by using various analytic methods. In this communication, the author presents the results of CEEG (Itil) study on influences of perphenazine treatment and of its outcome to brain function in 12 patients with schizophrenia, seven hebephrenic and five paranoid types, who were deprived from any medical care at least for one month. Their pre-treatment EEG showed no particular abnormalities in visual evaluation. Clinical observations have been made by the author and important symptoms were regularly evaluated with Expanded form of B. P. R. S. The dosage was fixed at eight miligrams per os three times daily throughout the study.
EEG changes induced by perphenazine are not so uniform in schizophrenic patients as seen in nomal volunteers; the change of major tranquilizer (Itil) were seen in the majority of 12 patients after one month of the treatment, while it was different in case by case at three hours after a single dose administration. In particular, the patient who showed little or no improvement, who was diagnosed as hebephrenic type, who showed very low incidence of alpha activity, who was in his twenties, and Who did not develope any sign of extrapyramidal symptom, presented a similar changes to the major tranquilizer type in normal subjects. In the contrary, one who showed a clinical improvement, who was diagnosed as paranoid type, whose history was relatively short, who was in his thirties, who showed ahigh incidence of alpha activity, who pre sented extrapyramidal side effects, showeb a transient increase of fast activities, at the beginning of perphenazine treatment, and then the EEG change gradually shifted to present the major tranquilizer type. Therefore, it may be concluded that the EEG changes at the beginning of perphenazine treatment can be a predicter of clinical outcome of patient with schizophrenia.

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Cardiovascular dynamics at rest and during isometric exercise were studied on patients with untreated essential hypertension and normal healthy subjects. Impedance cardiography was carried out on 34 of the mild hypertensives with Veterans-Administration scoring (VA)<7 and 24 of the moderate ones with VA>8 as well as 20 normal healthy subjects, at rest and during the sustained handgrip (30 percent of the maximal voluntary grip for a minute duration). The patients with severe hypertension, overt cardic failure and/or cerebrovascular accidents were excluded from this study. In the resting state, the moderate hypertensives revealed smaller stroke and cardiac indices, lower Heather index and peak dZ/dt value and longer R-Z interval than the mild hypertensives and the normal controls. Resting cardiac work index was augmented in the mild hypertensives than the other two groups. Blood pressure and total vascular resistance at rest were higher in the moderate and the mild hypertensives in this order than the normals, while there was no significant difference in heart rate among these three groups.
In response to the sustained handgrip exercise, heart rate and blood pressure increased by almost the same extent in all the three groups. The mild hypertensives responded to the exercise by significant increase in cardiac index and shortening of R-Z interval without any significant change in Heather index, while the moderate ones responded by significant decrease in cardiac index and lengthening of R-Z interval with substantial depression in Heather index. Cardiac work index and total vascular resistance were augmented during the exercise in all the groups. These findings would indicate that the mild hypertensives are in a normal circulatory state with a more excessive reactivity while the moderate ones are in a depressed circulatory state with an insufficient reaction to the exercise.
In conclusion, cardiac performance in essential hypertension may remain normal or even hyperkinetic in its earlier stage, and become overtly, or at least covertly impaired in the fully established stage.

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The contractility of the spontaneously contracting atrium as well as the electrically driven left atrium and papillary muscle isolated from rat heart was tested in Locke's solution saturated with pure oxygen at 25,30,35,40°C, and the action of quinidine, lidocaine, propranolol and carteolol in the medium at 30°C was comparatively studied.
1. When the temperature of medium was increased, the beat rate of spontaneously contracting atrium was increased but its maximum developed tension was decreased; and in electrically driven left atrium and papillary muscle, the maximum developed tension was decreased, the contraction and relaxation velocities were increased, the refractory period was decreased, and the maximum driven frequency was increased with increasing the temperature: the change of contraction and relaxation velocities in left atrium was more than those of papillary muscle.
2. The maximum driven frequency of cardiac muscle was dependent on the time from the end of ralaxation to contraction initiation of the muscle (the recovery time of muscle contraction). Propranolol increased the time in papillary muscle, carteolol increased that in left atrium.
3. Propranolol, lidocaine and quinidine suppressed the beat rate of atrium as well as maximum developed tension of left atrium and papillary muscle, while carteolol did not.
4. The refractory period of the atrium was increased by quinidine, lidocaine and carteolol, while that of papillary muscle was increased by propranolol.
5. The recovery time of muscle contraction in left atrium was increased by carteolol while that in papillary muscle was increased by propranolol and lidocaine. The time of each muscle was increased by quinidine.
6. Lidocaine is characteristic in the increase of the recovery time rather than in the increase of the refractory period in papillary muscle, and quinidine is so in the increase of the refractory period rather than in the increase of the recovery time in left atrium.
7. From the results, it was assumed that quinidine acts easily on atrial muscle while lidocaine and propranolol on papillary muscle to increase the refractory period and the recovery time of muscle, and that carteolol prolongs the recovery time of the atrial muscle contraction.

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Establishment of bypass using free grafts has advantages over STA-MCA anastomosis in securing sufficient blood supply to the intracranial arteries. Arterial grafts irradiated with high energy electron are known to be definitely aseptic and to evoke little tissue reaction and this method seems to be best suited for utilization of arterial grafts from human cadaver.
Experimental studies were performed using, first, the homologous arterial grafts 5 cm in length for assessment of the long-term results in dogs, secondly, the homologous grafts 10 cm in length for establishment of a bypass through the tissue planes in dogs, thirdly, the homologous grafts of a small caliber, less than a millimeter, for feasibility of a small arterial bypass in rats, and lastly the heterologous grafts. These grafts were prepared by irradiation of 2,000,000 rads of electron generated by Van de Graaff accelerator and had been stored at 25°C until use. A segment was resected from the carotid artery and replaced with these grafts by anastomosing end-to-end. The patency of the grafts were examined angiographically and gross and histological examinations were made at various intervals.
Observations from twenty-four hours up to two years after transplantation of the homologous grafts in fourty-three dogs revealed an excellent patency rate; only one had been occluded when it was examined on the third day. On histological examinations the structure of the grafts had been well preserved for a long time, especially of the elastic fibers; remarkably few changes were noted in it even two years after transplantation. The high patency rate may be attributed not only to very little histological changes for a long time period, but also to adoption of the microsurgical technique in the anastomosing procedure.
Experiments using the long arterial grafts were carried out in 3 dogs and these grafts were made around the sternocleidmastoid muscle as a loop, simulating a tortuous course through the tissue planes. They had been patent in all three cases for 2.5 months period, showing, though too small in number to draw a definite conclusion, that irradiated arterial grafts could be used to bridge over a certain distance.
Experiments using the homologous grafts of a small caliber were done in 8 rats and five grafts were patent and the other three grafts were occluded probably due to the technical failure. These experimental results indicate that even very small sized arteries could be substituted with the arterial graft irradiated with high energy electron.
Experiments using the heterologous grafts were designed in three combinations; the rabbit aorta to the carotid artery of a dog in 10, the pig intercostal artery to the carotid artery of a dog in 7, and the rabbit carotid artery to the carotid artery of a cat in 3. Only 7 grafts of the rabbit aorta transplanted into a dog were patent; of these 7 patent grafts six were greatly expanded to form an aneurysm. Histological examinations showed that the elastic fibers of the grafts were destroyed in an early stage and replaced by a fibrous tissue. There was, however, no cell infiltration within the graft in seven patent grafts. On the other hand, massive cell infiltration was noted in all occluded heterografts. From these results it may well be concluded that high energy electron irradiation could not prevent or suppress tissue reaction to the heterologous grafts.
It is concluded that, as far as the homologous arterial grafts are concerned, high energy electron irradiation gives a promissing outlook for construction of a bypass over the occluded cervical carotid artery by means of transplantation.

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Immunity and sterility are major problems of the homologous and heterologous transplantation. Cathode ray irradiation provided by a Van de Graaff generator has been used to sterilize various tissues destined for grafting. More recently, irradiated grafts with high-voltage electron beams have shown evidence of suppressed transplantation immunity. Cervical arteries of 31 dogs were reconstructed by the frozen-irradiated homologous arterial grafts, which were examined as follows:
1) Reendothelialization of the grafts was observed in various stages of healing by a scanning electron microscopy.
2) Fluorescence microscopic technique was employed to demonstrate regeneration of adrenergic nerve fibers of the grafts 4 months and 8 months after surgery.
3) Regeneration of vasa vasorum of the grafts were investigated by colloidal carbon perfusion technique.
4) Muscle contraction was examined by transmural electric stimulation or by local application of noradrenalin or KCl solution.
Scanning electron microscope disclosed a thin mural thrombus consisting of fibrin and platelets which was quickly formed on the inner surface of the grafts. Reendothelialization was recognized at the sites of anastomosis five days after operation. An arterial graft as long as 5 cm was completely covered with neo-endothelial cells in 2 months, though, nuclear region was relatively elevated. Neo-endothelial cells seemed to be matured at the end of the 4th month, when their nuclear zone was flat and marginal fold reappeared. Reendothelialization of a longer graft (10 cm) was completed in the little later stage compared with 5 cm graft. Present SEM findings might suggest that the neo-endothelial cells are derived from the pre-existing endothelium of recipient artery, and that they imigrate centripetal through the graft along the superficial plane of the mural thrombus.
Neither regeneration of adrenergic nerve fibers and vasa vasorum, nor contractile activity of arterial wall was evident at all.

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Although non-parasitic cystic disease of the liver is a comparatively rare pathological entity, it is encountered with gradual increase especially accompanied with the advancement of the diagnostic technique such as radioisotopic scintillation scanning, laparoscopy and angiography in the recent year. From a view of the literature the number of reported cases is approximately 528 since 1910 to 1975 in Japan.
A large solitary cyst of liver was reported. It was treated surgically by the total excision of the cyst which containing 2900 ml of serous fluid. Another case of polycystic liver disease associated with polycystic kidney were also experienced. It was treated by conservative therapy. Test puncture of the cyst through the laparoscopy was performed.
Test puncture of the cyst through the laparoscopy in case 2 and an analysis of the fluid in both of the cases were performed. Reports on cases of non-parasitic liver cyst appeared in the literature were reviewed and discussed.

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