Recently patients suffering from acute glomerulonephritis caused by Types 12 and 4 of the group A hemophilic streptococci have increased in Japan, as in America, England, Canada and Australia. Rammelkamp designated this acute nephritis caused by these nephritogenic strains "epidemic nephritis. " Eighty-five patients suffering from acute glomerulonephritis were admitted to our hospital during two and a half years from July of 1955 to December of 1957. This report covers the clinical observations on these 85 cases. The patients ages ranged from 2 to 14 years. The peak is observed as being in a from six to eight year age-group. Boys were more frequently (55.3%) affected than girls (45.7%).
Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract was the commonest precursory disease (68.2%)and was followed by scarlet fever (8.2%) and impetigious skin manifestations (3.0%). The incubation period from the preceding illness to the onset of nephritis varied from 2 to 20 days according to the parents' complains. No antecedent disease was noted in 11 of the 85 cases.
This variation of the incubation period caused us to hypothisize two theories, keeping the consideration of allergy in mind: firstly, when the preceding streptococcal infection is severe enough to be both the sensitizing and effective stimulus in allergic process, the incubation period may be 1∼2 weeks; secondly, when the infection which is not severe enough to reveal any clinical symptom, is capable only of sensitizing (Ist phase of the autoantibody theory)and an exacerbated inflammation with symptoms conductive to recognition can first become an effective stimulus (2nd phase), the incubation period may appear as short as two or three days.
From the observation of the erythrocytes sedimentation rate we should conclude that the patients with continuous accelerated ESR did not recover quickly.
We found no relationship between NPN and hypertension.
The marked changes of serum protein in the acute phase of glomerulonephritis showed the increase of γ-globulin and α-globulin with a slight decrease of albumin. EKG is an evitable test for nephritic patients since 8 patients showed the abnormality in EKG, the flattening of T-wave which needed 2∼3 months to return to normal. The average course of treatment was 45 days, but the prolonged cases which continued for more than 4 months were usually accompanied by chronic tonsillitis. The extirpated tonsilles from 11 patients were studied histologically and it was proved that they have the obvious changes of chronic tonsillitis. As chronic tonsillitis is the possible foci of infect allergy, antibiotic control of upperrespiratory inflammation in its acute stage of nephritis must be continued untill the signs of inflammation will have wholly disappeared. Prognosis of our cases was good except for one death by uremia.
The treatments available to date are discussed.

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[in Japanese]

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The relationship between depressive action on the afferent evoked potentials from the cat's sciatic nerve and appearance of the spike and dome by morphine were studied.
From the results, it was concluded that morphine depressed indirectly the afferent pathway by the action on the focus of the spike and dome.

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Studies were made on the in vitro lysis of leucocytes by using 16 rabbits. (Three of them were injected subcutaneously with living tuberculous bacilli of H37RV strain; 7 of them venously with the same strain; 2 of them intrapulmonarily with death strain; and the rest of them were not given any kind of injection.)
The method used at this experiment is the same as descrived in the first report.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The leucocyte of these tuberculous rabbits causes cytolysis in vitro following the addition of tuberculin.
2) No relation was found between the intensity of tuberculin reaction and the rate of leucocytolysis of respective tuberculous individual animals.
3) The cytolysis is not so remarkable in the case of the subcutaneously injected group of rabbits as in that of the venously injected ones.
4) The cytolysis is more remarkable in the cases of iritis, testitis, and otitis or the combination of them than in pulmonary tuberculosis only.
5) The imitate eosinophile leucocytes play a main role in the leucocytolysis. In conclusion, the same results were obtained by the experiments above mentioned as were obtained in the case of tnberculous patients.

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The non pathogenic. coli bacillus vaccine were injected on rabbit and the fluctuation of the function of reculoendothelial system was measured by Congo red method periodically.
The coli vaccine allways caused remarkable decrease of the congo red value by the injection with no respect to the hight of the normal value of the Congo red index. And the effect continued for 12 hours.
The injection of TTG which is known as the endotoxine of Pseudomonas fluorescens on rabbit causes the remarkable decrease of the function of the reticuloendothelial system without any respect to the normal value of Congo red index and seldom recovers for 72 hours.

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Twenty five strains of Proteus bacilli were isolated from the feces of healty young pupils (1960 persons) in Otsu-city, Shiga prefecture, and their cultural, morphological and biological properties were studied.
These 25 strains were divided into five groups as follows:
1 Proteus mirabilis 52% (13 strains)
2 Proteus morganii 28% ( 7 strains)
3 Proteus rettgeri 8% ( 2 strains)
4 Proteus vulgaris 4% ( 1 strain)
5 unclassified 8% ( 2 strains)
Three strains of them were agglutinated by Komagome 111 serum. Two of these 3strains (No.37 and No.102) lost its agglutinability in a short period when they were being subcultured, and one strain (No.56) preserves its agglutinability.
One of the two that lost its agglutinability belongs to Proteus mirabilis and the other to P. morganii. The one that kept its agglutinability belongs to P. vulgaris.

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Vascural system on the mesenterium of mice were observed with the bioniicroscopic observation apparat (by NAKATA') at 1,3,5,10,15,20,30 and 45 min. after the cutaneous injection of 0.1cc/gm of 0.3% sodium iodate.
Arterial system was contracting from 5 min and maximam at 30 min. after the injection, especially on the arterole eminently.
Nevertheless venous system was extending from 5 min. and the maximam at 30 min. after the injection.

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4% sodium iodate was daily injected into the ear vein of the rabbits (7 whites and 5blacks) in the daily dose of lcc/kg for 7 days.
Several examinations were done about peripheral blood findings, histological and histochemical examinations about liver and kidney.
The main results were as follows: -General Observations:
1) There were found remarkable anamia after the application.
2) About percentage of several sorts of leucocytes, momocytosis was observed well-known. Histological and histochemical Observations:
3) There were cloudy swelling on the central zone of liver cells of white rabbits, but vacuolious degeneration and fatty deposits were found on the liver cells of the central zone of black one.
4) By Perls' method, there were found iron deposits on the liver cells and the epitheliums of proximal convolution of white rabbits, but black rabbits could not found.
5) By Okamoto-Utamura's method, there were copper deposits on the liver cells and the epitheliums of proximal convolution of one black rabbits, but not found in the white one
6) The decrease of PAS positive substances on the liver cells and the epitheliums of proximal convolution were found both in the white and black rabbits.
7) Phosphatase in the liver cells and the epitheliums of proximal convolution of white and black rabbits were slightly increased after the application.

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A review of the literature on surgical problems of obstructive jaundice reveals that various methods have been unsuccessfully tried up to 1945, except for some case reports of successful management of biliary tract obstruction. But in recent years a number of cases have been successfully treated by intrahepatic drainage.
It is the purpose of this paper to dem onstrate a new operative method for only one group of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The present reports refer to those patients with a persistent obstruction elsewhere high in the extrahepatic biliary tract. Intraductal drainage was obtained by inserting a free cut end of the jejunum into the unobstructed common hepatic duct and was successfully carried out in our first case.
While in Japan in order to reduce the jaundice of the patients with an extrahepatic biliary obstruction in the hepatic hilus region, Honjo, in 1953, attempted to divert the contents of the congested intrahepatic biliary system directly into the jejunum; it was performed to anastomose a resected small portion of the liver edge to the opening of the jejunum. This simple method was employed on our second case.

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