A galactosyltransferase (UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase) was purified from rat serum to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on α-lactoalbumin-Sepharose 4B, gel filtration through a column of Sephacryl S-200 and preparative SDS-PAGE. Some properties and distribution on rat sperm surface of the enzyme were investigated, and the following results were obtained.
1) SDS-PAGE of the purified protein showed two molecular species with molecular weight of 55,000 and 52,000, and the apparent molecular weight estimated by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration was approximately 57,000.
2) The protein was rich in se rine, and half life of the protein in rat serum was estimated to be 8.5h from the decay in the radioactivity after intravenous injection of ¹²⁵I-labeled galactosyltransferase.
3) The antibody against the protein was raised in rabbits and immunoprecipitated rat serum galactosyltransferase almost completely. The immunochemical specificity was shown by SDS-PAGE analyses of the immunoprecipitates from ¹²⁵I-labeled serum or immunoblotting of rat serum followed by detection with ¹²⁵I-protein A.
4) The two molecular species showed a similar patt ern by peptide mapping. This results suggest strongly that the two molecular species have common primary structure.
5) Indirect immunofluorescence staining of rat sperm surface show ed that the protein was mainly located on the sperm head. SDS-PAGE of the immunoprecipitate from the sperm, the surface of which was labeled by lactoperoxidase catalized iodination, revealed that the two molecular species apparently corresponded to galactosyltransferase of rat serum.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which often infects debilitated patients, sometimes with a fatal outcome. Although numerous in vestigations have attempted to determine the relationships between the elaboration of particular virulence-associated factors and Pseudomonas infection, the role that these factors play in vivo is not clear, nor is there general agreement on the mechanism of pathogenesis of this organism, on its interaction with the host defense mechanism.
In the present study, P. aeruginosa. virulent (NC-5) and avirulent (TE-14) strains for mouse were studied on their ultrastructure, on their relation to mouse peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) in vivo and in vitro from the view point of host-parasite relationships. And following results were obtained.
1. The organ ism of both strains had typical Gram-negative structure. Their size was 0.3-0.7×1.4-3.5 μm. TE-14 was motile by single pollar flagellum but NC-5 was no n flagellated. Capsule, slime layer or pili, which correlate with pathogenicity of bacter i a, were found in neither strains of bacteria.
2. Small pits, about 12 nm in outer diameter, were formed on the outer membrane when both organisms were treated with trypsin. Furthermore, spherical particles of 4.0-4.5 nm in diameter were tetragonally arranged with regular periodicity of 10 nm on peptidoglycan layer. These structures were found on both strains of bacteria and were th o ught to be fundamental structure for P. aeruginosa.
3. TE-14 was phagocyted by PEC and was digested in the phagosome but NC-5 was resistant to both actions of PEC. This difference between two strains was also shown by m orphological studies with light and electron microscopy, and by assays for bacterial v i a bility and for acid phosphatase activity. These results suggested the presence of anti-phag o cytic component in the cell wall of virulent strain.
4. NC-5, a virulent strain for mouse, lost the cell wall rigidity when it was treated with antibody and gentamicin. This NC-5 was easily phagocyted by PEA similar to in t act TE-14 and was digested in the phagosome. These results elucidate the mechanism of combination effect with antibody and antibiotics.
From these results, follwings are conclud ed. Difference for resistance to phagocytosis and to digestion by peritoneal cells was shown between P. aeruginosa. virulent and avirulent strains. It was suggested that this difference due to the anti phagocytic structural component, present in the cell wall of virulent strain. This component was affected its rigidity with antibody and antibiotics. Pits and paricle structures which were observed on the cell wall by electron microscopy after trypsinization were thought to be fundamental structures for P. aeruginosa.

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The effect of MG on central and peripheral nervous system activity was investigated electrophysiologically in the rabbit and the following observed,
1) The threshold of arousal reaction and evoked m ascular discharge due to stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation slightly rises with administration of MG.
2) The frequency of spontaneous unit discharge of the brain stem reticular formation shows a trend to slightly decrease with administration of MG.
3) The threshold of evoked mascular discharge of the fore and hind limbs due to stimulation of the cerebral cortex rises with administration of MG.
4) The threshold of evoked muscular discharge of the f ore and hind limbs due to stimulation of the hippocampus slightly drops with the administration of a small amount of MG but recovers and slightly rises on increasing the quantity of MG.
5) The amplitude of the afferent average evoked poten tial appearing in the cerebral cortex decreases in general but the amplitude of N₃ shows a trend to increase markedly.
6) The amplitude of the afferent average evoked potential appearing in the hippocampus is inhibited by the administration of MG.
7) The amplitude of the nociceptiv e reflex muscular discharge is decreased by the administration of MG.
8) The am plitude of the M-H wave is decreased by the administration of MG.
9) Spontaneous discharge of the sympathetic nerve is intensified by the adm inistration of MG.
10) The blood flow volume of the common carotid artery shows a trend to decrease with administration of MG.
11) Intestinal movement is markedly inhibited with administration of MG.
12) MV is slightly inhibited by the administration of a small amount of MG but gradually recovers and increases on increasing the quantity of MG.
13) PPR_6,7,8 increases on increasing the quantity of MG.

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