Experimental models of acute liver, renal, and hepatorenal damage were induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and bilateral ligation of renal hilus to evaluate changes in the levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), branched-chain ketoacids (BCKA) and alanine in the liver, plasma, and muscle, hepatic energy chage (E. C.: (ATP +O.5ADP)/ATP + ADP + AMP), cytosolic redox state, and mitochondorial redox state after 2 4hours. The results showed that E. C., which reflects intracellular energy state, decreased in each damage group, suggesting deficit in energy supply. After confirmation of this fact, level of BCAA and BCKA, the sources of energy supply were measured, and supply of BCAA by degradation of muscle prtein was observed in muscle tissue. Increased transamination to BCKA was also suggested. Alanine, a glucogenous amino aids was supplied to the liver at the same time. The present results suggest that, under such damages, BCAA supplied from muscle tissue is thought to be transaminazed to BCKA, followed by oxidative decarboxylation in the muscle or liver, and is potentially utilized as an energy source in the muscle and liver. It is suggested that transaminazed and decarboxlized BCKA is utilized as energy in liver damage and renal damage; however, under hepatorenal damage, converted BCKA is not utilized, alanine accumulated, and energy supply by 9 oxidization of fatty acid is suppressed.

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In the present study, to clarify the effects of steroid hormone on the endometrium and the relationships between the endometrium and implantation of the ovum, histological and ultrastructual investigations were performed with regard to changes of the endometrium and the endocervix of the uterus in women with regular menstrual cycles and postmenopausal women.
The following conclusions were obtained.
1) The endometrial epithelium h a s two different cell types: a ciliated type and a nonciliated type. The latter is dominant. These cells show cyclic changes.
2) In the endometrial epithelial non-ciliated cells, as s hown by TEM, ribosomes gradually increase in number, and the cytoplasmic organelles develop in the early to middle proliferative phase. At the end of the proliferative phase, further development of intracellular organelles is observed, and accumulation of glycogen is found in the basal part of the cells. At the early to middle secretory phase, cytoplasmic organelles enlarge, and vacuoles are also formed. Cytoplasmic organelles reach their maximum size at the middle secretory phase, and thereafter, show degenerative changes. A large number of ribosomes are recognized at the early secretory phase, but they gradually decrease in number from the middle to end secretory phase.
The cytoplasma of the ciliated cells show little change during menstru a l cycle.
3) In the endometrium, as shown by SEM, the surface of the non-ciliated cells is convex like a dome at the early proliferative phase, and protrusion of their surface becomes most prominent from the middle to end secretory phase. Apocrine or microapocrine like secretion is also observed at this stage. The microvilli, at the early proliferative phase, are short and small, and then, become swollen from the end proliferative phase to early secretory phase. Their number and size decrease from the middle to end secretory phase.
The ciliated cells gradually increase in number at t h e proliferative phase, reaching a peak at the end of the proliferative phase. The cilia are short and immature at the early proliferative phase. They gradually become elongated, reaching full maturity at the end of the proliferative phase, and again shorten at the middle to end secretory phase.
4) Fewer ciliated cells are present in the endocervix than in the endometrium, and they remain unchanged during the menstrual cycle. In the non-ciliated cells, cytoplasmic organelles most increase and secretory granules and vacuoles accumulate in the ovulatory phase.
5) The endometrium is sharply demarcated from the endocervical epithelium at the level of the histological internal os, with no transitional type of cells found between the two epithelia.
6) Atrophic changes are prominent in the endometrium after menopause. The number of ciliated cells decreases, and size and height of cilia are reduced. Non-ciliated cells become flat, and are intermingled with cells coated with dense or thin microvilli.
7) Remarkable differences are found in the distributio n of ciliated cells between the uterine body and cervix, whereas no differences are apparent between any parts of the endometrium of the uterine cavity.
8) In conclusion, it is speculated that not only the number and/or distribution of ciliated cells in the endometrium but also the mobility of the cilia as well as the biological response of the endometrium against the fertilized ovum also play a role in the implantation of the ovum.

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We studied the distribution of isolated from medical staffs, inpatients and hospital environments at one ward in our hospital. This is one of the epidemiological studies against nosocomial infection in our hospital.
Coagulase nega tive staphylococci (CNS) was most dominant bacteria isolated from hospital environments, medical staff and inpatients. Corynebacterium was isolated most frequently from anterior nares, but was isolated very few from hospital environments and glucose non fermented negative rod (GNF. NR) was isolated especially from moist places. Pseudomonas aeroginosa was isolated only from inpatients and around them.
There was many kinds of bacteria isolated f rom anterior nares. Anterior nares site was seemed to be the reservoir of bacteria. CNS and Corynebacterium were isolated most frequently from doctors. These bacterium are recognized the most dominant organisms among the resident flora of human skin. Some of the resident flora are causative of the nosocomial infections. Therefore, we have to be more careful against compromised host.

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Mercury and selenium concentrations in whole blood of 125 dental staffs (32 dentists,43dental hygienists,15 dental technicians,15 dental assistants,11 clerical workers and 9 members of dentists' families) were determined and their amalgam work, own amalgam fillings, dietary habit, smoking and alchol consumption were also investigated by a questionnaire. Association of these factors with blood mercury and selenium was studied.
1. Among 32 dentists,2 dentists routinely handled amalga m as a filling material.
2. Mercury and selenium concentrations in whole blood of 125 denta l staffs (mean with range in the parentheses) were 20 (5-82) ng/ml and 144 (63-365) ng/ml, respectively. These values are within normal ranges of the elements in blood of gene r al Japanese adults.
3. A significant correlation (r = 0.52, p<0.01) between the mercury and selenium concentrations was observed in male dental staffs.
4. There was no difference between dental staffs with amalgam work and those without amalgam work in the mercury concentrations.
5. Multiple regression analysis showed that the habitual fish intake was a significant factor contributing to the selenium concentrations and that the habitual fish intake and own amalgam fillings were probable factors contributing to the mercury concentrations.
These results lead to a conclusion that the amalgam work did not effect on the mercury and selenium concentrations in whole blood of the dental staffs and dietary habit is more important factor contributing to the both elements in blood than the amalgam work.

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Generally, pseudoseizures are defined as a group of non-epileptic seizures which do not include those caused by anoxia. A part of these pseudoseizures can be attributed to a conversion symptom of hysteria and may be hardly differentiated from the true epileptic seizures. In the prsent communication, a rare case of hysteria, which exhibited pseudoseizures during sleep, is reported.
The patient was a 32-year-old male, who was struck over the right temporal area of his head with a crowbar when he was 26 years old. Brain CT scan did not reveal any abnormalities then. Three months after the incident, the patient started to experience cramps in the fingers of his right hand. Gradually the patient developed tonic seizures of the extremities followed by frequent generalized tonic convulsions. Epilepsy being suspected, the patient was treated with anti-epileptics, which were not effective. Due to the continuing frequent seizures and the ineffectiveness of the treatment, the patient was admitted to our hospital. At the time of admission, he had about 15 seizures per day.
During the hospital stay, the antiepilep tic medication was gradually discontinued with no signs of change in the patient's states. During EEG recordings, the patient had seizures without any positive findings (paroxysmal abnormalities) in the EEG. During all night sleep EEG recording, the patient had a seizure in stage II sleep, but no epilieptiform patterns were seen in this recording either.
This case wa s considered to be hysteria with somatic manifestation of psychological conflict induced by head trauma. The tonic seizures are the somatic manifestation, and they are considered pseudosizures (non-epilieptic) since there were no positive findings in EEGs, no changes in consciousness during the seizures, and no post-ictal stupors. Another factor supporting the diagnosis of pseudoseizures was that the frequency of the seizures increased according to the patients situation (e. g., he would have seizures when his desires were thwarted).
The prominent characteristics of his personality were theatricality, egocentrism, and dependency, which fit the description of a hysterical personality. Malingering was also considerd, but it was ruled out because of the seizure documented during stage II sleep.

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