A stripped seminiferous tuble from the fresh, non-fixed testis of adult Sprague-Dawley rats was incubated in Burstone's medium for non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity (ALPase), and a cribriform distribution (ca 35-45 pm in width) of the stronger activity was found on the surface of tubules. The same histochemical procedure was done on the testes of rats aged 1,7,14,21 and 42 days, This interesting finding began to be seen on 14 days of age and it was established by 21 days postnatal. On the thick (ca 40-100 pm) sections from the prefixed testes of rats 1,7,14,21 and 42 days, ALPase was investigated histochemically and ultracytochemically with Ogawa et al's lead citrate method. Closing about the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, an inner cellular layer of the flattened cells showing many of the characteristics of smooth muscle (myoid cell) began also to be demonstrated ultrastructurally on 14days of age due to the differentiation of the inner cellular layer of the limiting membrane of seminiferous tubules. At the same time, moderate amount of the reaction products for ALPase was observed throughout the myoid cell layer. Abundant reaction products for ALPase could be proved at 21 days of age and thereafter. The products were seen in the space surrounding a myoid cell, especially in the intercellular junctions of myoid cells. By electrophoresis on starch gel or cellulose acetata membrane, the isoenzyme pattern of ALPase was studied on the testes at the same stages of postnatal development as the experimental design for morphologic investigation. Type I of the isoenzyme increased moderately at 14 days of age and thereafter. In conclusion, a cribriform distribution of stronger ALPase on the surface of seminiferous tubules might be related to the activity in the intercellular junctions of myoid cells, and the enzyme would be Type I of ALPase.

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The relationship between the electrical activity of muscles and the oxygen requirement with the change of speed in walking and running concerning adult subjects was discussed in the previous paper.
In this paper.the relationship of the speed of walking and running to electrical activity of muscles in children under development was studied to investigate whether there is the same relationship which was obtained in adults.
Twenty-nine healthy boys and tw enty-one girls ranging from five to thirteen years old, and five male and three female adults participated in the experiment.
EMG activity in the right leg was recorded from the following muscles of all the subjects.
Tibialis anterior, Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Vastus medialis, Rectus femoris, Bicep s femoris, and Gluteus maximus.
All the female subjects and some of the male subjects had additional muscles monitored as described below:
Rectus abdom inis, Sacrospinalis, Deltoid anterior portion, and Deltoid posterior portion.
The series of tests consisted of seven speeds or more for walking and twelve speeds or more for running which varied from 30 meters per minute to their maximal walking and running speeds.
In addition, the relationship between the electrical activity of muscles and the oxygen requirement was examined in the six boy subjects which are two 6 years, two 8 years, and two 10 years of age respectively

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Schliiter et al. (1975) reported that the appearance of splenic ceroidosis is considered to be derived from increased destruction of erythrocytes in 41.7% of cases of the traumatic rupture of the human spleens, this suggesting the close interrelationship between splenic trauma and ceroidogenesis in the spleen.
An attempt which exper imentally has not been hitherto carried out has been made to form ceroid by the manipulation of crushing mouse spleens. Consequently since a clump of ceroidcontaining macrophages could be at a high rate found in the crushed portion of splenic parenchyma more than one week after crush, whether or not hemorrhagic necrotic changes are involved in the occurrence of ceroid was investigated using histochemical and electron microscopical techniques.
Three days after crushing degenerated erythrocytes, fragmented cytoplasmic matrix and membranous structures considered to be derived from cellular organelles were seen to be phagocytized by some macrophages in the crushed region of the spleen. More than one week after crushing membranous or lamellar structures and moderately or highly electron dense granules characteristic of the ultrastructure of ceroid were detected in partially hemolysed erythrocytes and necrotic cells engulfed by macrophages. Furthermore, the fusion of many phagolysosomes containing these substances suggestive of the formation of mature ceroid was recognizable with the lapse of the experimental period.
The above findings are thought to support the view that engulfed erythrocytes and necrotic cells play an important role in the formation of ceroid in the mouse spleen. It was noted that numerous membranous or lamellar structures characteristic of ceroid were discernible in the splenic macrophages. This finding suggests that engulfed cellular organelles supposed to have been derived from debris of numerous disintegrating cells may have been closely involved in the ceroid formation in the splenic macrophages.
Moreover, the entity of the c rystalloid structures found in siderosomes or cytoplasmic matrix of the macrophages including ceroid is discussed.

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The measurement of rat complement was studied on CHSO titration as the total hemolytic complement activity, C142 titration as titration for hemolytic activity of complement component C1-C2, and C 3 total as titration for hemolytic activity of complement component C3 -C9, and the following results were obtained:
1. EA (i.e.,optimally sensitized sheep erythrocytes) and rat serum were incubated at the temperatures of 15,20,30 and 37°C to study CHSO titration, and the highest hemolytic activity was shown at 20°C for each incubation time.
2. When EA incubated with rat whole serum at 0°C, EAC142rat sites forming T_max was 20 min.
3. When EAC14rat and EAC142rat, formed once at each temperature of 0,20,37 and 47°C, was incubated with gpC 2, the incubation velocity was maximum at 37°C, a n d EAC14rat2gp sites forming T. was 15 min.
4. When EA was incubated with 1: 400 diluted rat serum at 20°C and 37°C, the highest hemolytic activity was shown at 20°C for each incubation time, and EAC142ra t sites forming T. was 45 min.
5. To hemolyze EAC142rat and EAC142rat2gp,1: 25 diluted Crat-EDTA is adequate as the source of complement component C 3 -C 9, and the conditions of incubation were a t 37°C and for 60 min.
From the above results, the best conditions for the measurement of rat complement are as follows:
1) For the quantitative analysis of CHSO, the rat serum is diluted to 1: 240, reacted for 60min. at 20°C in 5.0×10⁸ cells/ml (EA).
2) For C142 titration, the rat serum, which is diluted by multiples from 1: 400 to 1: 6400is reacted at 20°C for 45 min. in 1.5×10⁸ cells/ml (EA). Next, Crat-PDTA, which is diluted to 1: 25, is added and the reaction is carried out at 37°C for 60 min.
3) For C3 total quantit y measurement, add the rat serum diluted to 1: 610 to EAC142rat2gp of 7.5×10⁷ cells/ml. Next, add 0.01 mole/I EDTA-glucnse-GVB an d react them at 37°C for 60 min.
In the assay method established in this experiment, it is not necessary to separate or purify each component of rat complement. Because the sample of rat serum could be used if necessary to measure the complement activity. This experimental procedure may have merit in its simplicity, short end incubation time, and high reproducibility. I think it may be useful to know the complement activity of the rat under various experimental environments for future experiments.

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An experimental model of the tumor-bearing hosts was prepared by inoculating cells of Walker carcinosarcoma 256 subcutaneously into Wistar-JCL rats. Their total hemolytic complement activity (CH₅₀), relative amount of complement component C3 (C3), hemolytic titration of C1-C2 (C142 titration) and hemolytic activity of C3-C9 (C3 total) were determined as parameters of complement response in hosts.
Next, the tumor-bearing rats were s ubjected to surgery 3 days after inoculation and divided into groups of curative resection and non-curative resection of tumors. CHSO was titrated in both groups and the following results were obtained.
1. A burned group of rats, experimentaly induced inflammation showed significantly higher complement activity than the tumor-bearing rats (P<0.001).
2. A high correlation was noted between CHSO and C3 value in the tumor bearing rats (y=0.71x + 44.23, r=0.727, P<0.001).
3. The changes of CHSO in relation to tumor volume showed significantly higher values in tumor-bearer below 25 cm3, but significantly lower values above 201 cm³ than the value of control (P<0.001). The same tendency was noted in C3 total, while no remark a ble change in C142 titration (not significant).
4. The change of CHSO in relation to the interval after tumor inoculation showed the maximum levels on the 2nd day (P<0.001), but significantly decreased on the 14th day (P<0.001). The same tendency was noted in C3 total, while no remarkable change in C 142titration (N. S).
5. In the group of curative resection of tumors, high complement activity was maintained until the 28th postoperative day. While in the group of non-curative resection o f tumors, complement activity was noted until the 14th postoperative day.
From these results, complement response to the inoculated tumor cells was noted in the early stadium after the inoculation, via properdin system (i. e.; alternative pathway). High complement activity was noted in the group of complete surgical removal of tumors for a long postoperative period. This fact seems to suggest the usefulness of complement as a parameter of hosts'immunological response to the tumor. In addition this study confirms the effectiveness of curative surgery on tumors.

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It is well known that carcinomatous ascites, which is often seen at the end-stage of the patients with malignant tumor, is difficult to treat. Satisfactory treatment to reduce carcinomatous ascites has not been found and its mechanism is still controversial. Experimental study was made to clarify its mechanism by using “Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.” Some experiments and clinical study were also carried out to inhibit the accumulation of carcinomatous ascites. The following results were obtained.
1. Carcinomatous ascites developed not only by the occulsion of lymphatic vessels of diaphragm but by the accumulation of vascular permeability of the peritoneal membrane. The latter mechanism seems to be strongly participated in the accumulation of carcinomatous ascites.
2. Cathepsin D acid protease and one of lysosomal hydrolase was closely related to the accelaration of vascular permeability.
3. Systemic administr ation of hydrocortisone did not effect on the absorption of particles over 0.5p in diameter through the lymphatic absorption pathway of the diaphragm.
4. Hydrocortisone, pepstatin, Aprotinine and FOY-305 seemed to be related to the inhibition of the accumulation of ascites, since hydrocortisone inhibited the release of cathepsin D and pepstatin decreased the activity of cathepsin D. On the other hand, Aprotinine and FOY-305 inhibited the kinin-system which was induced by cathepsin D.
5. Reinfusion of the sterilized, cell free and concentrated ascitic fl uid of patient with cancer into the vein of same host was quite effective to decrease the ascites. The combination of adjuvant chemotherapy with steroids, Aprotinine and OK-432 was more effective than single therapy.

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Auditory brainstem response was first described by Jewett and Sohmer in 1970, as the early 10 msec duration of component of auditory evoked potential, which was recorded from scalp electrodes. ABR changes in its wave components with the development of brainstem. ABR is consisted of seven components and wave V is shown to be the most detectable one in human neonates.
Recently, ABR has been used as the tool for clinical assessment of neurological diseases and auditory function in adults and children. For the purpose of establishing the normal value of ABR wave components in neonatal period at our institute, ABR was recorded in 65 normal newborns without any neurological, respiratory and other abnormalities, in age from 28 to 45weeks of gestation. The mean and standard deviations were calcurated in each gestational age, and various changes were observed as following.
1) In full term neonates, the latencies of ABR wave components when measured with a stimulus of 85 dB, and 4000 Hz were as follows; Wave I: 1.98±0.08 msec, Wave 4.94±0.39 msec, Wave V: 7.04±0.47 msec, and I - V interval: 5.05±0.38 m sec.
2) The wave V latency decreases 0.26 msec a week with according to development.
3) The latency is influenced by various click. For example, the wave V latency prolonged with decreasing stimulus tone intensity and also decreased with increasing stim u lus tone cycles. There was significant difference in the wave V latency between 6000 Hz and 2 0 00Hz. (P<0.001)
4) There was also significant difference in latencies to each wave got from AFD and SFD with similar body weight. This result suggests that, ABR may be of use for the assessm e nt of gestational age.
5) There are no significant difference between ABR patterns of full term neonates and the premature neonates at the time of 40 weeks in gestational age.
6) It is necessary to establish the normal values of ABR in each institution for assessment of abnormality in ABR, because each ABR-device may depict different wave patterns.

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Recently, perinatal and neonatal advanced cares have heen established against high risk newborns especially in the respiratory problems, but morbidities of the central nervous system damages were characterized inspite of survival of their tiny lifes. Neonatal asphyxia and intracranial hemorrhage are the most important and common serious neurological events in the neonatal intensive care unit. Auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) is consisted in its origin of brainstem auditory pathway, and is able to measure central nervous system integrities without any invasion.
ABR was p erformed on 27 asphyxiated neonates,22 cases of ICH (intracranial hemorrhage)neonates, and 4 cases of ICH caused by Vit. K deficiency. They were transfered to NICU since 1st. Jan. to 31st. Dec. in 1982. The following results were obtained.
1) In 27 asphyxiated neonates with 1-minutes Apgar score of less than 6,51.9% showed increase of latencies in ABR, and 74.1% increased thresholds, and abnormal ABR were detected in 77.8% of the cases.
2) In 13 asphyxiated neonates without ICH,7.1% of the cases showed increased latencies, the threshold increased in 85.7%.
3) In the cases of ICH with 1-minutes Apgar score more than 8,66.7% of the cases showed increased latencies,16.7 % had increased thresholds.
4) ABR in the asphyxiated group were significantly higher in threshold than that of nonasphyxiated group as well as ICH cases. (P<0.001)
5) In the IVH cases, ABRs could not be depickted in 60% of the cases, and 20% showed increased latencies (1.5-4SD)
6) IVH cases showed significantly higher threshold than that of SDH cases. (P<0.01)
7) In the SDH cases, ABR latencies were less increased than that of IVH, and recovered within 2 weeks.
8) 4 ICH cases due to Vit. K deficiency with brain edema and increased ICP showed remarkably prolonged latencies in ABR.
9) In the cases of brain edema in ICH and asphyxia, abnormal ABR was improved within short time after the treatment of cerebral edema.
10) The present results indicate that ABR is a valuable and reliable tool in assessment of brainstem function, especially in the comatous state of critical CNS damage following IC H and/or asphyxia.

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