Human serum cholinesterase activity and its inhibition ratios with dibucaine and fluoride were measured by butyrylthiocholine-5, 5'OE-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (BTC-DTNB) method for 1096 samples. As the result of these samples measurement, only one sample showed approximately 10% lower inhibition ratio than others. This sample showed also 10% lower inhibition ratio by both the Kalow's benzoylcholine UV method and p-hydroxybenzoylcholine (p-HBC) UV method. According to the p-HBC UV method, the mean value of cholinesterase activity was 266.4 IU/1 (SD=81.1) out of 1096 samples.
Six human serums from the same family including the above exceptional case were examined for dibucaine and fluoride inhibition ratio by p-HBC UV method. The result showed that all samples excepting the above mentioned case were normal level in the inhibition ratio. Furthermore, the polyacrylamide electrophorersis of this sample revealed the disappearance of both C₁ and C₂ bands in electrophoretic pattern.

抄録全体を表示

Comparison of glucose contents in sweat with blood glucose in 5 healthy subjects is described. After sampling of blood and sweat in the fasting condition, 50g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted. Blood or sweat was sampled alternately at intervals of 15 minutes for two hours during OGTT. Glucose in blood, sampled from venous of the subjects, was measured using a glucose oxidase enzyme electrode. Glucose in sweat, sampled from the head of them in a steam bath, was analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC).
In the fasting condition glucose contents in sweat and blood were 0.18-0.60 mg/dl and 75-90 mg/dl, respectively. These sweat values were by one to two orders of magnitude lower than those reported previously. This discrepancy may be ascribed to the differences between clasical and modern techniques. The values reported previously may include some erroneous factors such as coexisting reducing substances. HPLC enables us to measure minute changes of actual glucose contents in sweat. No relation was observed between blood glucose and sweat glucose in the subjects. The results of OGTT were classified into two types. The glucose values in blood and sweat increased remarkably to 155-188% and 128-136% at 60 and 45 minutes after oral administration of glucose, respectively, in three of the subjects. On the otherhand, blood glucose hardly increased, but sweat glucose slightly decreased after the administration in two of them. Glucose content in sweat comparatively reflects blood glucose, but may relate to not only blood glucose but also individual difference and situation of perspiration such as sweating rate. Blood glucose might be estimated noninvasively using a correlation between blood and perspiration, if a statistically significant relationship between the two could be established.

抄録全体を表示

An enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) was established for measuring human urinary albumin. The assay was based on a two-step sandwitch method by using polystyrene beads as the solid-phase. Measurement covered from 5 to 1,000 ng/ml, and its coefficients of veriation of intraassay and interassay were 5.0-9.0% and 8.0-12.4% respectively. Dilution test showed a good linearity in the range of 0.1-1.0 O.D., and the recovery ratio was between 96-124%, This EIA showed a good correlation with an commercially available RIA system (r=0.974, n=78). The urinary albumin of normal and diabetic subjects, free of proteinuria by testtape method, was 7.12±3.96 and 31.87±52.72 mg/g·cr respectively, and the latter group showed a significantly (p<0.025) higher urinary albumin. This EIA could be a useful system for detecting trace amount of urinary albumin and be applied to the diagnosis of early renal dysfunction.

抄録全体を表示

Extremely low lactate dehydrogenase (LD; EC 1.1.1.27) activity in the serum of a 43-year-old man was noted in health examinations. The LD isozyme from the patient showed a characteristic pattern with only two isozyme bands of LD-4 and LD-5 in the serum, erythrocytes, lymhpocytes and saliva. A model experiment of in vitro hybridization indicated that M₄ with a very low proportion of H₄ gave zymograms similar to those obtained from this patient. Other LD isozymes related to the H-subunit were detected in stimulated lymphocytes (LD-3), and young erythrocytes (LD-1 and LD-2). These results suggest that this case is a new type of H-subunit deficiency in which the produced H-subnit protein is rapidly inactivated in vivo.

抄録全体を表示

Enzymeimmunoassay, using monoclonal antibody coated polystyrene bead and insulin-peroxidase conjugate, to measure serum insulin levels was developed. A murine monoclonal antibody was prepared for the antibody coated onto bead and insulin-peroxidase conjugate was prepared by periodate method. The optimum molar ratio of insulin: peroxidase was 1.5: 1 for the conjugation reaction for high yield and good assay performances.
Intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) were 2.3-13.6% and 3.4-14.4%, respectively.The average recovery using five serum samples were 97.5±5.5% and the dilution study showed good linearity. The assay was satisfactorily correlated with a commercially available radioimmunoassay kit (r=0.98). From the precision profiles in comparison with four commercial insulin enzymeimmunoassay kits, present assay showed the best precision of all kits. It was considered that present assay system could be utilized for a routine assay for serum insulin.

抄録全体を表示

This study was aimed at examining whether there was any specific change in lipid profile of aortic tissues in diabetic patients. To this end, 8 non-diabetic patients and 4 type-2 diabetic patients, who were freshly autopsied, were analyzed for lipid contents and compositions in the arch, renal, and abdominal portions of aorta. The aortic total lipid content was nearly doubled in the diabetics as compared to the non-diabetics even on the visually non-plaque portion. Characteristically, about a four-fold increase in the triglyceride content was observed in the diabetic aortic tissues as compared to those of the nondicbetic. On the contrary, the phospholipid content decreased significantly in the diabetics and there was an inverse correlation between the aortic sphingomyelin/free cholesterol ratio and total lipid accumulation in the diabetics (r=-0.612, p<0.05). The possibility of increased deposition of circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins coupled with phospholipid dysfunction was discussed as characteristic changes of diabetes mellitus

抄録全体を表示

The esterolytic activity of new arginine esterase (s), which was separated from kallikrein, was measured by using N-α-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (Tos-Arg-Me) as substrate in human urine.
The urine of the patients with primary aldosteronism exhibited markedly raised new arginine esterases activity, although the patients with hypertension or chronic nephritis showed no significant elevation of this engyme activity.

抄録全体を表示

New hapten-[C-3]-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates were prepared from the N-succinimidyl esters of glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-hemisuccinate and 3-hemiglutarate by coupling with BSA. The specificity of anti-glycochenodeoxycholic acid antisera elicited in rabbits by immunization with these antigens was assessed by cross-reaction studies with closely related bile acids. The results showed that antisera obtained were reasonably specific, although glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucuronide and 3-sulfate exhibited marked crossreactivities. Employing these specific antisera a simple radioimmuoassay procedure for the determination of glycochenodeoxycholic acid in serum was established.

抄録全体を表示