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Volume 24 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 310-
- Issue 5 Pages 238-
- Issue 4 Pages 194-
- Issue 3 Pages 144-
- Issue 2 Pages 78-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 24, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Kazuo Ohki1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 238-246
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the discovery of the cell in the 17th century, the life science has been developed by the contributions of many scientists. With the discovery of enzyme at the end of the 19th century, the chemical study of the creature has revealed the metabolic pathways in cells. And the double helix model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick in the middle of the 20th century which gave a logical answer about the mystery of inheritance at molecular level. It established DNA as the design information of the proteins. On the other hand, it attracted attention to the role of biomembranes at the cell that is the basic unit of the life. I review where the study of biomembranes has reached in the 20th century, and also manifest the problems that have been left until the 21st century.View full abstractDownload PDF (1306K) -
Masaru Kurihara, Yoshinari Fusaoka1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 247-255
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeparation membrane technology consists of the following four technologies. The first is the design of membrane materials, the second is the design of membrane morphology, the third is the design of element or module and the fourth is the design and operation technique of membrane separation plants. The progress on separation membrane technology in 20th century and an outlook for 21st century are reviewed in this paper.
Separation membrane technology has been developing wide and deep with extending of membrane use in 20th century. In 21st century, more separation membrane will be used in water purification plants and waste water treatment plants. And the new technology for easy operating, safety and reliability of membrane or plants using membrane will be needed. I hope such new technologies will be born in basic and fundamental research on membrane science or other basic science.View full abstractDownload PDF (1132K) -
[in Japanese]1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 256
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (132K) -
1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 257-277
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3069K) -
Tadao Nakashima, Masataka Shimizu, Masato Kukizaki1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 278-289
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParticle size control of emulsion is very important for keeping its stability and giving it new functional role. Porous glass membrane prepared by phase separation of a glass composition, is found to be available as emulsifying element in order to obtain. monodispersed emulsion with different particle sizes and useful W/O/W emulsion, water in oil in water type in superior high yield. We called this technology “membrane emulsification”.
Applications of the membrane emulsification to drug delivery systems were carried out under cooperative research with Miyazaki Medical College. According to clinical administration, W/O/W emulsion drug encapsulated anti-cancer reagent in inner droplets, was surprisingly effective for both terminal and multi originated in hepatocellular carcinoma when the drug was injected to suffered liver through a catheter inserted in liver artery. Another applications are tried and developed in some academia and various enterprises.View full abstractDownload PDF (2477K) -
Kazukiyo Nagai, Akon Higuchi, Tsutomu Nakagawa1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 290-295
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe temperature dependence of the gas permeation properties of poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PMSP] /poly (1-phenyl-1-propyne) [PPP] blends and poly (TMSP-co-PP) films was studied. As PP content increases, the activation energies of permeation (Ep) and diffusion (ED) for various gases in these materials increase, but no distinct change in the heat of solution (ΔHs) is observed. The increase in Ep is due to an increase in ED. All ED values are positive, while all ΔHs values are negative. In pure PMSP, Ep is negative for most gases because |ED| is much smaller than |ΔHs|. When the PP content exceeds 40 vol% in poly (TMSP-co-PP), however, Ep becomes positive because |ED| is now larger than |ΔHs|. Furthermore, Ep decreases with increasing critical temperature (Tc) of the penetrants because ΔHs decreases more than ED increases. After storage in air, the gas permeabilities of thin PMSP/PPP (9 : 1) blend films are found to be much lower than those of thin poly (TMSP-co-PP) (9 : 1) films. However, no substantial difference between the activation energies of permeation in these aged blend and copolymer films is observed. The gas permeabilities of thin poly (TMSP-co-PP) films are reduced even further after thermal treatment.This permeability reduction is a consequence of a larger Ep in the heat-treated, copolymer films. Ep is higher because of an increase in ED due to densification of these films by thermal treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (719K) -
Mutsuo Kawasaki, Masahiko Hirose, Tomomi Ohara, Shoji Kimura1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 296-303
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBoron content in sea water is approximately 4.5 mg/l and the rejection ratio of RO membrane is extremely less than that of other inorganic salts. On the other hand, the 1997 WHO additional guidelines for drinking water quality set the recommended guideline value at 0.5 mg/l. Recently in Japan, they set the value, restricted for the sea water desalination system, below 1.0 mg/l for standard clause which was changed from supervision guideline. However, it is unable to achieve this value constantly by single stage RO system. Hense, authors have developed the double stage RO system using sea water desalination RO membrane for 1st-stage and ultra low pressure RO membrane for 2nd-stage. Authors have simulated the flux and boron rejection of each stage and collated with the test data which was obtained through pilot plant. As a consequence of this trial, authors have led the system design which meets WHO guideline value by adjusting pH of the 2nd-stage RO feed water over 9.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Yoshihiko Iwasaki, Kenji Fujimoto, Hidekuni Akagi1999 Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 304-306
Published: September 01, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane has sharp pore distribution, and high thermal and chemical stability. SPG membranes are prepared in a module, and applied to membrane emulsification system. Membrane emulsification has several advantages, and basic system with SPG membrane module is reported. Membrane emulsification apparatuses with various industrial scales were also presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K)
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