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Volume 40, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Special Topic:Vesicular transport in the cell
Review Article
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健 佐藤2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 2-8
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThe secretory and endocytic pathways in eukaryotic cells act as major routes for biomolecule transport out of andinto the cell. Transport from one organelle of these pathways to another is mediated by vesicular carriers, which are generated by coat protein complexes regulated by the small GTPases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)is the starting point for the secretory pathway, where newly synthesized membrane and soluble proteins are concentrated at specialized ER exit sites. In these distinct zones of the ER, the coat protein complex II (COPII) and the small GTPase Sar1 generate COPII vesicles through a sequence of events under the control of multiple regulatory mechanisms. In this review, the current knowledge of COPII–mediated vesicle formation from the ER, as well as highlighting non-canonical roles of COPII components are described.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
周作 渋谷, 保 吉森2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 9-20
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSAutophagy is an intracellular bulk degradation system that is conserved from yeast to human. When autophagy is induced by stresses such as nutrient starvation, double–membrane vesicles called autophagosomes are formed in the cytoplasm, and the cytosolic components inside the autophagosome are degraded by autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Autophagy is thought to prevent many important diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, heart failure, type II diabetes, and pathogen infection, and therefore is an attractive target for clinical applications. In this review, we will discuss Atg proteins that were discovered in 1990’s and their functions in relation to autophagosome biogenesis. We will also discuss selective autophagy, which specifically targets unwanted structures and maintains intracellular homeostasis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1162K) -
Mikihisa Takano, Masashi Kawami, Ryoko Yumoto2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMembrane transport of nutrients and other compounds is an essential process for all living organisms. In the cell membranes, there are many kinds of influx and efflux transporters. The expression of these transporters is regulated by various physiological and pathophysiological factors. In this review, first, various modes of membrane transport were classified and overviewed. Then, regulation of membrane transporter by vesicular transport was discussed; focusing on the enhanced expression of facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 in adipocytes by insulin, and the decreased expression of bile salt export pump (BSEP) in hepatocytes by gene mutation and its restoration by 4-phenylbutyrate. Modulation of vesicular trafficking may be a possible strategy for the treatment of diseases associated with the altered expression of membrane transporters.View full abstractDownload PDF (1386K) -
Shotaro Tanaka, Yuichi Takakuwa2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 29-37
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSMast cells are responsible for type I allergy. These cells are packed with secretory granules containing allergy-inducing substances, such as histamine and proteases. Once an allergen binds to an IgE–receptor complex at thecell surface, the secretory granules fuse with the cell membrane, and release their contents into the external environ-ment within a few minutes. This is called “degranulation”,but the process and mechanism are still controversial. Tovisualize degranulation, various and unique imaging methods have been investigated by many researchers. In thepresent review, we abstract and introduce the recent progress of live cell imaging strategy for visualization of secreto-ry granules of live mast cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (925K)
Original Contribution
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Yuki Takechi, Yuto Shintani, Daiki Kimoto, Emiko Okamura2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 38-45
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe regulation of the phospholipid protrusion, the vertical fluctuation at the surface of cell-sized vesicles (CSVs),was investigated by solution NMR in combination with the 1H–1H nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) enhancementmeasurement. Using deuterated bisphenol A (BP–d) and palmitic acid (PA–d) as model hydrophobic components,we compared how the lipid protrusion is modulated by the presence of BP–d and PA–d in the fluid, soft CSV mem-brane. The phospholipid protrusion was suppressed by BP–d but not by PA–d, although both BP–d and PA–d werebound to the membrane. The contrasting effect of BP–d and PA–d on the protrusion motion is interpreted by the dif-ference in the mode of interaction between these substances and lipids in the membrane; rather hydrogen bondingthan van der Waals forces is the decisive parameter to regulate the phospholipid protrusion motion.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K)
Products Spotlight
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Haruhiko Kohyama2015 Volume 40 Issue 1 Pages 46-49
Published: 2015
Released on J-STAGE: May 14, 2015
JOURNAL RESTRICTED ACCESSTOYOBO has been developed a new asymmetric cellulose triacetate hollow fiber membrane.Differently from con-ventional cellulose triacetate membranes, nonsolvent is used as core liquid to form an active layer at inner surface.Porous structure at outer surface is controlled by the coagulation bath conditions. The new membrane, which hasexcellent features such as high inner–surface smoothness, low transmembrane pressure and stable performance dur-ing treatments, is suitable for hemodiafiltration.View full abstractDownload PDF (1114K)
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