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Volume 15 (1990)
- Issue 6 Pages 288-
- Issue 5 Pages 234-
- Issue 4 Pages 172-
- Issue 3 Pages 112-
- Issue 2 Pages 56-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 15, Issue 5
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Kunio Miki1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 234-243
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular mechanism of the electron-transfer reaction occurred in photosynthetic membranes has been reviewed on the basis of the structure of the reaction center complex, where the initial key re-actions in the primary step of photosynthesis are induced by absorption of light. This three-dimensional structure of the reaction center from a photosynthetic bacterium has been determined by x-ray crystallography in consequence of the first success in crystallization of membrane proteins. The present structure has also revealed some remarkable common features of proteins in biological membranes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1064K) -
What can Chemomechanical Polymer Gels produce?Hirofumi Hori, Yoshihito Osada1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 244-251
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe isothermal conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work underlies the motility of living organisms. Chemomechanical systems based on the synthetic polymer gels are the only artificial systems able to convert chemical energy directly into mechanical work. They may have potential uses where power supply is limited, and actually some chemomechanical devices were developed. This brief article describes the principles, fundamental behaviors and potential applications of these systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1316K) -
Haruhiko Ohya1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 252-257
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA brief review was carried out on separator for primary and secondary batteries, and fuel cells, and on membrane for reverse electrodialysis battery. The primary batteries cited are manganese dry cell, alkaline-manganese cell, mercury cell, silver oxide cell, and lithium cell. The secondary batteries cited are lead acid battery, nickel cadmium secondary battery, and new types of secondary batteries. Several fuels cells are cited.
Non-woven clothes and microporous membranes made of several organic materials are widely used. Some batteries use parchment paper and several types of ion exchange membranes. Fuel cells use in-organic porous sheets such as asbestos and solid polymer electrolyte.
An illustrative example is shown for scale up of reverse electrodialysis battery using 1, 000 pairs of ion exchange membranes of 0.1 m effectivearea.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Yohtaro Yamazaki1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 258-262
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCeramic thin films used in high temperature fuel cells are summarized and their peculiarities are described by comparing with organic membranes which are widely used in ambient temperature. Thin films of solid electrolyte separate the ionic current of O2- or H+ from other flows of charged particles in the fuel cells operated at high temperatures near 1, 000°C. Materials of the solid electrolyte have been explored for many years and it is concluded that stabilized zirconia is the candidate for the practical energy conversion systems. To prepare continuous and high-quality solid electrolyte films on porous ceramic substrates are the key technology to develop the high temperature fuel cells, and a number of physical and chemical processes are studied for this purpose. The most well known method to prepare the films is the EVD process which had been developed in Westinghouse Co.. Other processes such as electron beam evaporation and low-pressure plasma spraying method are also being developed. In order to reduce the thermal stresses in the interfaces between the elements of the cells, the thermal expansion coefficients of solid electrolyte, electrodes and supporting materials must be considered. Polymer solid electrolyte (Nafion membrane) is also mentioned as a flexible solid electrolyte which is used in low-temperature fuel cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (688K) -
Oriented multibilayers and monolayersSinzi Matuoka, Ichiro Hatta1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 263-268
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudy on well oriented phospholipid multibilayers is important in getting an evidence for their structures in detail because it is possible to assign the X-ray scattering direction and therefore to give the configuration of molecules. Very high resolution X-ray diffraction experiment for oriented multibilayers is accessible using synchrotron X-ray beam. Recently the Bragg peaks reflected by a monolayer were observed by making the best of extremely high intensity of synchrotron X-ray beam.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 269-275
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (926K) -
Part II : Low pressure RO membranesZhou Jianhui, Haruhiko Ohya, Takeshi Hino1990 Volume 15 Issue 5 Pages 277-283
Published: September 01, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing four types of low pressure reverse osmosis membranes (NS-300, NS-301, NTR-7450, NTR-729 HF), reverse osmosis concentration of eight kinds of aliphatic acids in aqueous solution were carried out. The effect of ratio of trimesoyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride on membrane performance have been investigated in the fabrication of NS-301 membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K)
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