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Volume 11 (1986)
- Issue 6 Pages 314-
- Issue 5 Pages 248-
- Issue 4 Pages 186-
- Issue 3 Pages 126-
- Issue 2 Pages 62-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 11, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Tohru SAWANOBORI1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 248-260
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the reentry or circus movement is one of important mechanisms underlying the generation of arrhythmias. This is recently clasified into three category such as ordered reentry which means circus movement in an anatomically defined pathway, random reentry which means circus movement without the involvement of an anatomic obstracle and reflected reentry which does not require the reentrant circuit. In this article I describe some recent progress in studies on designed to present the characteristics of the circus movement. On the theoretical considerations, the reentry has been regularly explained for by terms such as conduction velocity (V), refractory period (R) and length of circuit (L). Basic contribution of appearance of reentry in heart tissue needs the following conditions : (1) slow conduction (2) shortening of refractory period and (3) existence of unidirectional block. The reflected reentry which does not require the circuitous pathway and unidirectional block complexed the conception of reentry itself. On the other hand, experimental technique used to investigate mechanism of arrhythmias including simulations were developed to document the spread of activation in the heart tissues. Simultaneous multi-recordings display the sequence of reentry in pathological conditions. However, direct evidence of reentry is very rare in clinical fields. Moreover, there is no complete methods distinguishing reentry from other mechanism such as abnormal automaticity. The progress in this field is expected.View full abstractDownload PDF (1728K) -
Preparation of Electropolymerized Thin Films and Their PropertiesTakeo OHSAKA, Noboru OYAMA1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 261-270
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrochemical polymerization has recently received great attention in the modification of electrode surfaces, because of the useful functions and applications (electrocatalysis, protection of metal from corrosion (antiphotocorrosion), electrochromic display, energy storage, ion-exchange property, permselectivity, photovoltaic property, electrochemical doping-undoping property, etc.) of the resulting modified electrodes. This technique also holds great promise for the synthesis of new organic conducting, semiconducting and nonconducting polymers. The purpose of this paper is to briefly review basic principle and apparatus of electrochemical polymerization, and chemical, electrochemical and physicochemical properties of electropolymerized thin films.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
Yuichi SUGIYAMA1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 271-284
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: August 16, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article consists of two parts. The first part deals with current concepts of drug transport in the liver. Hepatic uptake of bile acids and organic anions has been studied in a number of different ways including analysis of multiple indicator dilution (MID) curves, in vivo plasma disappearnace curves and measurements of the uptake by isolated liver cells and membrane vesicles.
The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, and the principle of MID method was particularly described in detail. In spite of the diversity of methods, observations that the uptake of these compounds is saturable and that analogues compete for the uptake have generally been considered as evidence that the uptake step is carrier mediated, although the carriers for organic anions and bile acids may be different. The second part deals with the recently developed concept, that is albumin-mediated hepatic uptake of drugs. The hepatic uptake of warfarin and rose bengal was studied in rats using MID method and the isolated liver cells, respectively. The experimental data suggested the existence of serum-protein mediated uptake system. However, this protein-mediated mechanism was not only specific for albumin, but also could be seen for r-globulinView full abstractDownload PDF (1687K) -
Haruhiko OHYA, Hiroaki MATUMOTO, Youichi NEGISHI, Kanji MATSUMOTO1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 285-296
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConcentration of aqueous acetone andn-butanol solutions by pervaporation was carried out using porous polypropylene hollow fiber. The dimensions of membrane were 0.083 μm as pore size diameter, 262μm as outer diameter, 20.6μm as membrane thicknessland 0.44 as porosity ε.Acetone andn-butanol are concentrated in the permeation. But the separation factor ofn-butanol and acetone was lower than their vapor liquid equiblia.
In the permeate, acetone is concentrated more thann-butanol when concentration of acetone in feed are equal to that ofn-butanol. Permeation fluxes of acetone, n-butanol and water increased exponentially with the increase of feed solution temperature. But concentration of acetone and n-butanol in the permeate kept almost constant. With the increase of flow rate of nitrogen gas, only permeation flux of water increases. Permeation fluxes of acetone, n-butanol and water increased with the decrease of downstream pressure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1211K) -
Kenji MISAWA, Junji ARISAWA1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 297-302
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Millipore DOPH model membrane is composed of a Millipore filter whose pores are filled with dioleylphosphate (DOPH);and increases its electric resistance by a factor of 104 when Ca2+ ions are combined with it. The concentration of CaCl2 which increases the membrane resistance depends on the density of DOPH adsorbed in the filter and the initial KCl concentration. The surface structure of the membrane changes at the same time when the membrane resistance increases. By the stereoscopic microscope mounted a photomultiplier on the eyepiece the structure change can be detected quantitatively as an intensity change of reflected light, i. e.; Ca2+ ions decrease the intensity to 50% as compared with the original hydrophilic state.
The membrane resistance which became higher with Ca2++ ions oscillates while the current and pressure stimuli are applied to the membrane. The frequency is dependent of these stimuli. These stimuli change the membrane surface structure to make locally the hydrophilic areas. It is conceivable that the structure changes are caused by replacing Ca2+ ions with K+ ions in the hydrophilic groups of DOPH molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Koichi HASHIMOTO1986 Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 303-305
Published: September 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEconomy of vapor phase gas separation and pervaporation can be improved by the use of vapor compression method, which can give the necessary pressure difference for the permeation and at the same time can rise the permeate and residual gas temperature by the adiabatic compression. Thus the latent and sensible heat can be recovered to preheat or vaporize the feed.
A example is shown, where the 979kg/hr of 8.07wt % ethanol solution made by the biomass conversion is separated to 457.7kg/hr of 17.2wt% solution and 521kg/hr of 845ppm ethanol solution. In this case only 57.48kcal/hr is required as shown in Fig. 1, which is only 19% of the heat used for vaporization. And ethanol loss is 0.56% of the feed.
A next example is the production of 40.55kg/hr of 99wt% and 2.38kg/hr of 33.8wt% ethanol solution from 42.92kg/hr of 95.4wt% solution without dehydration agent as shown in Fig. 3.
Also the permselective membranes for organic vapor mixture can be used in this system, which also can be the revolutional technique, when combined with the rectification.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K)
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