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Volume 11 (1986)
- Issue 6 Pages 314-
- Issue 5 Pages 248-
- Issue 4 Pages 186-
- Issue 3 Pages 126-
- Issue 2 Pages 62-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 11, Issue 3
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Tetsuo TAKAHASHI, Naoki KAMO, Yonosuke KOBATAKE1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 126-136
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, a third retinal binding chromoprotein was found in cell membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Like bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin, the third pigment shows photoreaction cycling upon illumination, but the decay of its photointermediate is two orders of magnitude slower than that of the two. Behavioral studies have shown that the pigment acts as photoreceptors for both positive and negative phototactic systems in this bacteria. Also, another photorepellent system has been found in the course of the study, which is mediated by a different (the fourth) photoreactive retinal-protein pigment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1317K) -
Michio SUGI1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 137-146
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis review paper gives an overview of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films in relation to their possible applications in electronics. LB films are ultrathin organic films with controllable structures of molecular dimensions. The preparation techiques are outlined in order to understand the characteristic features of LB films. They involve the manipulation of monomolecular sheets (monolayers) formed on a water-air interface and the transfer of them onto a solid substrate as the fundamental techniques, and the fabrication of superstructures, the utilization of composite layers, the monomolecular sweeping technique and the manipulation of monolayer packages as the advanced techniques. Examples are shown of versatile investigations aiming at the application of LB films in electronics : as ultrathin insulators in microelectronic devices such as Josephson junctions and FET's, for microlithograpy such as high-resolution electron-beam resist films, and as the active materials associated with specific functions such as non-linear optical properties and semiconductive or metallic conductivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1460K) -
Light-energy ConversionKiminori ITOH, Kenichi HONDA1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 147-157
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLangmuir-Blodjett (LB) films are now attracting much interest because of their high potentiality as molecular devices and as useful parts of electronic devices. This article reviews attempts to construct functionalized LB films for light-energy conversion : dry-type as well as wet-type solar cells; light-driven molecular pumps; molecular wires and light-harvesting systems. Preparation and characterization of LB films, including an application of a scanning electron microscope for mixed LB monolayers, are explained also.View full abstractDownload PDF (1675K) -
Shiro KISHIHARA1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 159-167
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClarification and concentration of sugar juices and liquors in sugar factory and refinery by membrane separation technique are discussed. Ultrafiltration is superior to traditional clarification methods in purification of sugar cane and sugar beet juices. The permeation flux in the ultrafiltration is influenced by pH and temperature of both the juices, and by addition of bagasse to the cane juice. The sugar juices are partially concentrated by reverse osmosis. Polysaccharides contained in refined cane sugar are removed by ultrafiltration. Affination syrup is considerably decolorized by ultrafiltration and the ultrafiltrate is more easily decolorized with adsorbents than the original affination syrup. Final cane molasses is efficiently clarified by a self-rejecting membrane formed dinamically on a porous ceramic tube. Reverse osmosis is applicable to concentraion of sweet water or waste water contaning sugar. Waste effluent from regeneration of decolorizing ion-exchange resin in a sugar refinery is fractionated into two fractions, i.e. a salt solution (permeate) and a colored solution (retentate) through a reverse osmosis membrane with a properly low salt rejection, and the salt solution has almost the same capacity to regenerate a exhausted resin as a freshly prepared salt solution has. The economy for the ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis process is also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1587K) -
Haruhiko OHYA, Akimasa MASE, Yohichi NEGISHI, Kanji MATSUMOTO1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 169-176
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAsymmetric cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membranes were vacuum dried at ambient temperature, after being soaked in alcohols such as methanol, ethanol (EtOH) and isopropanol (i-PrOH) to replace water in the membrane.
The dried membrane was characterized by permeabilities of He, CH4, N2 and CO2, and separation factor of equi-molar mixture of CH4 and CO2.
Shortening the evaporation time of acetone results in an increase of permeability. Dried membranes which were heat treated less than 80°C did not virtually permeate gases. Treatment by mixtures of EtOH and i-PrOH gives the best dried membranes among the tested; as for separation factor, mixing ratio of EtOH and i-PrOH as 1 : 3 gives the best; as for permeability, as 1 : 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
Takao KOKUGAN, Hirokazu KOBAYASHI, Masaru SHIMIZU1986 Volume 11 Issue 3 Pages 177-183
Published: May 01, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study phenomenologically the behavior of permeation through cellulose acetate membrane under reverse osmotic process, experiments were carried out with extensive range of heat treatment temperature and solution concentration. The following results were obtained.
(1) For high temperature treated membrane, reflection coefficient σ and solute permeability p are not affected by concentration. But for low temperature treated membrane σ has dependence of concentration in NaCl solution but not in Na2SO4 solution.
(2) Phenomenological coefficient -LPD is the product of a limit separation degree σ and flux coefficient LP and it can be considered as separation efficiency. It has maximum value for heat treatment temperature. Osmotic flow can be estimated directly from the LPD which depends on con entration for NaCl solution but not for Na2SO4 solution.
(3) Phenomenological coefficient LD behaves same as solute permeability p for heat treatment temperature but it varies with concentration for lower temperature treated membrane and lower concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K)
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