The key membrane of the cell, the plasma membrane, contains a set of specific proteins that affect many aspects of the cell's behavior. Certain peripheral proteins at the interior surface, in association with integral membrane proteins, form the membrane skeleton to provide mechanical stability and morphology of the cell. Various transmembrane proteins provide a passage way across the membrane for certain molecules. Still others bind signaling molecules, or provide anchors for components of the other cells or the extracellular matrix at the outer surface of the plasma membrane. This review article the physiological function of several characteristic membrane proteins and their dysfunction resulting in various genetic disorders in humans and animals.

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The technique of molecular imprinting is the facile way to construct the specific recognition and catalytic sites in polymeric materials by using print molecules during polymerization. Recently, another molecular imprinting technique, which is called an alternative molecular imprinting technique, has been proposed. Contrary to the conventional imprinting technique, polymeric materials are converted into molecular recognition materials by adopting the alternative molecular imprinting technique. Molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied to separation materials, such as membrane materials, HPLC stationary phases, tailor-made catalysts, assay tools, recognition elements in sensors, and so forth.

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We have already developed the electrical sterilization method with the metal coating hollow fiber membrane. The sterilization mechanism was imagined as follows : the leakage of intracellular contents was confirmed when bacteria were sterilized by a direct electric current. This leakage proved indirectly that the cell membrane was partially broken.
In this paper, the leakage phenomenon and the mechanism on the sterilization were focused and the possibility whether the metal coating hollow fiber membrane became a new device of gene extraction was examined. After the direct electric current to the membrane surface trapped Escherichia coli O 157 was passed, the gene was checked. As a result, the vero toxin type 1-gene could be detected. The detection sensitivity on the gene extraction was mainly depended on the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) which was an anion surfactant and the value of the direct electric current. The highest sensitivity in the extraction was obtained under 5 % SDS and 300 mA. In addition, the gene was extracted under Escherichia coli O 157 of 10⁷or 10⁸CFU/ml contained in other bacteria of 10⁸CFU/ml.
This system needed the time to extract the gene only in 10 minutes. The system was also simpler equipment which consists of the perista-pump and the power supply except the membrane.

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Hydrolysis of triolein catalyzed by Rhizopus delemar lipase was investigated as a function of the water and AOT concentrations in AOT reversed microemulsion systems. In this study, the W (= [H₂O] / [AOT]) value was used as a parameter of the water concentration. The initial reaction rate remained constant at W of 10-12. In the fixed W systems, the reaction rate apparently increased with increasing the AOT concentration. The conversion yield after 24 h showed a maximum at an AOT concentration of 50 mM and W of 10. The maximum velocity depended on both the W value and the AOT concentration. Its change corresponded to the profile of the initial reaction rate. The Michaelis constant was found to be the same for the value of W larger than 12, and it was independent of AOT concentration.

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