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Volume 21, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Shoji Kimura1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 2-8
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTransport equations based on the solution-diffusion model and those derived from the irreversible thermodynamics were compared and discussed both for inorganic salts and alcohol separation cases. Transport mechanism of RO membranes were explained. Transport phenomena of charged membranes were introduced and the new ES model for nanofiltration membranes was explained.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Hiroyoshi Hidaka1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 9-17
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntracellular Ca2+ plays important roles in versatile cellular functions. Incerease in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration via either Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space or Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular Ca2+ store sites causes Ca2+ binding to its intracellular receptor, Ca2+-binding proteins. Many Ca2+-binding proteins are found and their functions have been partly elucidated. In this article, I would like to introduce the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms by which the Ca2+ signal is mediated in the cell. Especially, molecular characteristics of calmodulin, the most characterized Ca2+- binding protein, are detailed. Furthermore, this paper describes calmodulin-dependent protein kinases as the main target proteins of calmodulin, and kinas cascade composed of these kinases and newly found CaM kinase kinase. Finally, pharmacological approaches using specific inhibitors of the CaM kinase family are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1491K) -
Isao Endo1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 18-22
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA membrane bioreactor was introduced in this paper ; particularly, its structure and types, mass flow aross membrane, application of the reactor to industrial use. The structure of a membrane bioreactor is not so complicated but the reactor enables us to achieve both microbial or biochemical reaction and separation of aiming products simultaneously in the system. In order to develop further the membrane bioreactor, we must develop more about membrane and its modules by modifying digestion organs in animals like small intestine, large intestine, lever and so on, Beside this, material constants of reaction media should be completed into database.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Takeshi Kobayashi1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 23-27
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMembrane can be applied as a tool of the removal methods for inhibitory methabolites in cultivation of microorganisms. Membrane techniques have also been applied for immobilization of microorganisms to improve bioproductivity. High cell concentration cultivation and two stage cultivation for geneengineered microorganisms can be possible in the fermentor with cross-flow filtration. Some examples for these cases are reviewed.View full abstractDownload PDF (844K) -
Osato Miyawaki1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 28-35
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe bioreactor with regeneration of dissociable coenzymes, such as NAD, NADP and ATP, have been the major target in the development of the second generation bioreactor. The bioreactors with coenzyme regeneration are classified into two categories. In the first category, the coenzymes are chemically modified and bound to water-soluble macromolecules, which enables complete immobilization of coenzymes along with enzymes, typically, in the membrane reactor. In the second category, the coenzymes are partially immobilized in the reactor system either though (1) reaction dynamics between the coenzymes and enzymes, (2) electrical repulsion between the coenzymes and negatively charged membrane, or (3) rejection to the coenzymes by nanofiltration membrane. Among those, the method with nanofiltration membrane seems most promising because of no neccesity for the chemical modification of coenzymes and its general applicability to all of the dissociable coenzymes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Masato Terasawa, Masaki Odagiri, Hideaki Yukawa1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe proposed a new process which used microbial cells as catalysts for enzymatic reactions. For this purpose, coryneformbacteria strain MJ-233 was employed as a biocatalyst. This strain is characterized by its non-lytic property under non-growing condition, therefore, the bacterial cells can be reused for enzymatic reaction without immobilization. The characteristics of this process are as follows : (1) General immobilization process is not required. (2) Conventional reactors can be utilized. (3) Recycling of bacterial cells can be carried out by ultrafiltration system. (4) Operational stability is very high.
In this paper, enzymatic production of L-aspartic acid or L-isoleucine by this process is reported in detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
Masakatsu Furui, Takeji Shibatani1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn optically active (2R, 3S) -3- (4-methoxyphenyl) glycidic acid methyl ester ((-) MPGM) was an important intermediate for the synthesis of diltiazem hydrochloride which is a typical calcium channel blocker. To establish a practical production system of this useful chiral compound, a hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor has been developed. In the bioreactor system, the lipase from Serratia marcescens was immobilized on the spongy layer of the shell side of a membrane by means of physical adsorption. Asymmetric hydrolysis was carried out semi-continuously in a membrane bioreactor circulating both toluence solution containing racemate ((±) MPGM) in the shell loop and aqueous solution cotaining NaHSO3 in the lumen loop. The membrane bioreactor permitting the simultaneous achievement of enzyme reaction and phase separation was highly efficient for industrial production of (-) MPGM. This paper briefly describes the process of research development of the industrial-scale membrane bioreactor. In addition, our recent works relating to membrane bioreactors were presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (1057K) -
Kanji Matsumoto, Kazuho Nakamura1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMembrane separations are widely used in bioseparation processes. Bioseparation processes consist of the following four processes, that is, cell harvesting/removal of cell debris, concentration, purification and polishing. In these separation processes microfiltration (MF) is used in removal of cells or cell debris, ultrafiltration (UF) in concentration of biomaterials of high molecular weight and biomass, reverse osmosis (RO) including nanofiltration (NF) in concentration of organic acid, amino acid and saccharide, and electrodialysis (ED) in desalting.
Besides the conventional applications mentioned above, more sophisticated membranes, membrane modules and equipments are developed and utilized. In this report the following topics are reviewed ; 1) the rotating membranes and their filtration performances in the separation of cells or cell debris, 2) the hybrid membrane separation of cell debris combined with centrifuge, 3) application of adsorptive membranes for affinity separation and membrane chromatography, 4) pervaporation of aroma compounds and 5) membrane extraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 57-65
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1134K) -
Kenji MISAWA, Hirotaka OHASHI, Junji ARISAWA1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 66-73
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrical and optical characteristics of a monoolein poly vinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with taste solutions were examined in this paper. The electric resistance and the optical transmittance of the membrane showed more than 90 times change with the concentration of NaCl solution. As electric conductances of the membrane increased with different patterns in the taste solutions such as Saccharose (sweetness), NaCl (salty), HCl (sourness), Quinine hydrochloride (bitterness), mono-Sodium L-glutamate (umami), it was proved the membrane had an electrical selectivity. Order of the detectionthreshold of the membrane for the taste solutions was Quinine Hydrochloride <HCL<mono-Sodium L-glutamate<NaCl<Saccharose. This is the same order as a human taste characteristic. This paper showed also the reproducibility of the membrane conductance for the taste solutions. It was improved by decreasing an electric current value passed through the membrane. These results suggest that the monoolein PVC membrane had possibility as a taste sensing material.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K) -
Masao Sudoh, Takako Aonuma, Yoshiko Tsubaki, Kazuyoshi Ohashi, Motohik ...1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 74-81
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdsorption of plasma protein on polymer films was measured by using a quartz-crystal microbalance in a flow cell. Piezoelectric AT-cut quartz resonators in contact with aqueous protein solution, coated with polymer films of poly (vinyl alcohol), polyurethane, silicon and Nafion, exhibit frequency changes according to mass changes by adsorption and desorption of the protein on the film. The mass change was determined by the frequency response according to the Sauerbrey relationship. Adsorption quilibria of bovin serum albumin and fibrinogen on polymer filmes were well correlated by using Langmuir isothemal equations. The protein mass adsorbed on the Nafion was largest, followed by silicon, polyurethane and Poly (vinyl alcohol) films. In the exchange adsorption/desorption experiment, the albumin on the Nafion was found to keep adsorbed on the film in aqueous fibrinogen solution. Real-time measurements of adsorption and desorption properties of protions were demonstrated and revealed a useful applicability of a quartz-cryatal microbalance.View full abstractDownload PDF (970K) -
Takeshi Kato1996 Volume 21 Issue 1 Pages 82-83
Published: January 01, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: March 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolysulfone membrane filter [PSE] has special features by its charasteric membrane structure.
(1) Excellent retention performance
(2) Low initial pressure drop and extended service life
(3) Quick recovery of electric resistivityView full abstractDownload PDF (248K)
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