This paper aims to examine the applicability of “Extra drainage systems” which can complement conventional drainage system. Firstly, the authors asked participants about the difficulty using conventional drainage system and the idea using extra drainage systems. Then, the authors classified collected cases into 19 categories of drainage problems. After that, the authors got the evaluation of applicability of extra drainage systems to solve the problems by technical experts of those systems. The result showed those systems are effective to solve 16 categories of problems. Therefore, it is confirmed that extra drainage systems are useful to solve current problems of drainage.

There is no definition of criteria for the performance improvement inspection. This study researches the public sector, which includes national subsidies and financial loans for housing renovation with performance improvement, and private training sessions of six architectural schools with four examples of survey reports. The public sector requires inspection of seven criteria. The private groups educate architects on inspection methods for the performance improvement beyond the public sector. They educate about inspection method of deterioration status and performance improvement, and legal integrity before renovation. Moreover, the preparation of those renovation plans is taught.

This paper studied the enacting process of the Application fee for Building confirmation. Conclusion of this study is as follows; 1) In the process of enacting the Building Standards Law, the maximum amount and the maximum amount above a certain scale were added to the article after the legal examination. 2) In the process of enacting the Enforcement Order, detailed provisions were established with eight levels of area classification. 3) In order to make the maximum upper limit equal to the conventional amount, the area scale of the corresponding category was set too small as a standard for the future.

Because of COVID-19, people are required to refrain from leaving their homes unnecessarily. In this study, the relationship between the stress levels of Japanese university students and their home-based learning environment was investigated through a questionnaire survey. The results show that stress levels decreased as the number of days passed for those who lived with their families. Moreover, days with lower stress levels were those when the students had opportunities to meet others in an online setup, suggesting that having opportunities to communicate with others and making plans to do so may contribute to stress reduction.

The former Taiki elementary school was built in the Samoto district, Susami town, Wakayama prefecture in 1903 and was extended in 1913. This paper demonstrates the value of the wooden elementary school as property of the region, based on the measuring survey of the school and the village landscape survey.　The results show the following indications: Taiki elementary school is the oldest wooden school building in Wakayama prefecture. It shows characteristics of the village landscape. It has kept its authenticity for 117 years. It has been influenced by village conditions and building techniques of that time.

In Japan, despite increasing expectation for migrant to revitalize rural areas, they are often faced with difficulty in securing their jobs. This research, particularly focusing on all 17 restaurants in a rural municipality of Tatsugo Town, analyzes setting up process of the restaurants owners including migrants as well as locals, discussing how migrants can create their jobs. The result confirmed the migrants’ difficulty in finding land and/or tenants due to less human network than the locals. However, it implies that changing style of tourism could open new opportunity for the migrants.

This report is to consider effective support measures for settlement by investigating the intentions of migrants to persons who wish to migrate to Tottori Prefecture and immigrants to Chizu Town. Effective support measures are (1) utilization of trial housing and town subsidy system and dissemination of advance information. (2) Both persons who wish to migrate and immigrants have relatively low household income before moving and are declining even after moving, so they are unable to pay for housing rent and renovation. Therefore, it is desirable to consider reducing the burden on users, such as making some repairs in advance.

This paper clarifies the actual conditions and problems of the circulation and reutilization of vacant historical buildings in Kanazawa City, and considers measures for improvement. The research was conducted according to the following methods: 1. Analysis of the data from the exteriors survey of historical buildings 2. Analysis and evaluation of the support system for historical buildings in Kanazawa City, based on literature and surveys 3. Interview survey with owners of vacant historical buildings

This research focuses on the social contact in urban spaces as a possible protective factor against the development of loneliness. We conducted an online questionnaire survey focusing on going-out activities, especially those for leisure purposes, which previous studies have suggested might be correlated with loneliness, and examined their association with it. Through web-based questionnaire survey and following text mining analysis, it was clarified that it is important for the senior citizens to go out in urban spaces, enjoy leisure time, and interact with others so that they can avoid feeling lonely.

This paper examines the effect of road surface decorations through a social experiment. Road decorations can change the street atmosphere different, and motivate people to walk and increase participation in street activities. However, people feel less secure when considering the safety of the elderly and children while walking; specifically, vehicles are a major safety concern. Similar to a woonerf/ shared space in Europe, a traffic-controlling rule allowing various road activities should be implemented; subsequently, after drivers understand this traffic regulations, everyone will be able to use the road as a place of living without anxiety.

Diverse lives and societal changes have created the demand for flexible use of residential streets. The authors installed movable objects such as potted plants and seats on a residential street to observe their effect on human activities. It was noticed that the objects had a calming effect on traffic and promoted pedestrian safety. It was also observed that plants influenced pedestrians to walk leisurely and feel relaxed; the presence of seats motivated the elderly to go out onto the streets and walk. The installations potentially promoted communication among residents by improving traffic environment.

We examined community management, which is a system based on mutual assistance in a multi-generational co-housing complex that encourages caring for the elderly. 64% of the apartments rarely implemented community management either in the form of a “mediation-type” or “council-type” system. The system of caring for the elderly was never established as the elderly residents who faced difficulties in fulfilling their prescribed roles were requested to move out. The significance of multi-generational co-living as felt by the residents was found to be concerned with the acquisition of new lifestyles and values, social roles, and security and the relationship of trust.

The report introduces the present condition and problem of descriptions about the treatment of disaster hazard areas in basic guideline for urban renaissance and guideline for city planning. The targets are 4 prefectures in Tokai region. As the result of analysis, it has become clear that treatments of disaster hazard areas were different from each municipality because of directionality about the exclusion of guideline for city planning and kinds of disasters. In the future, not excluded areas need to be considered excluding and if impossible, disaster prevention measures need to be set in location normalization plan.

In this report, by analyzing the aerial video of the drone that produced by PR video, we report on the characteristics of the aerial video of the drone in historic district and the issues that are considered to be inconsistent in the preservation and formation of historic landscapes. Then, from those issues, we will discuss about the preservation and formation of the historic landscape in the viewpoint of the sky.

At the center of Tokyo, urban renewal measures by National Government and Tokyo Metropolitan Government as well as demographic measures by the Wards Governments have been promoted in parallel in town planning. In the Wards of in Tokyo, various authorities for town planning systems are settled in among National, Metropolitan and the Wards Governments. This research aimed to measure the effect of various town planning systems on residential environment using multi regression analysis based on the hedonic approach. As a result, the urban planning systems for large-scale development might not always give positive effect to price formation in secondhand condominiums.

For the creation of a sustainable urban and regional area, local governments have to explore the town management. It is necessary to plan concrete projects and community-based activities to achieve them. One of the methods is the Charrette workshop. It is essential to acquire technical knowledge for utilizing charrette workshop (CWS) in local cities. This paper describes the effectiveness and potential of CWS for local governments. Especially, it was shown that a CWS in collaboration with a community of local residents is effective for promoting the examination of detailed contents at the stage after some specific projects are planned.

Our target are unemployed living alone seniors in the apartment complexes. We conducted a questionnaire survey and extracted 3 patterns of lifestyles. We analyzed lifestyle characteristics according to the presence or absence of loneliness and subjective health status. We also asked what kind of facilities and events they wanted in their apartment complexes. And we compared the features of them by levels of loneliness, subjective health and lifestyles. Finally, we identified some features in terms of facilities and events which are aligned to certain lifestyle that can contribute low level of loneliness and high subjective health.

Especially the population of intermediate and mountainous areas is aging at an unusually rapid rate. This paper aims to clarify living behaviors of elderly people and their spatial patterns in mountain villages which have many spatial restrictions on daily living activities. In particular it examines the movement patterns of elderly people with various lifestyle types who live in agricultural communities in intermediate and mountainous areas. For this purpose, the author conducted research based on headings for individuals and the data of people wearing wristwatch-type GPS in three different areas of Akiohta-Cho.

In recent years, a number of cities in the world are challenging to introduce the advanced ICT technologies such as AI and IoT and manage and operate their cities to be smart. In Japan, The Smart City is highly recognized to solve various urban issues, however, cross section cooperation, evaluation of projects and procedure of projects are unclear. From the analysis of the global Smart City index and the Smart City projects sponsored by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, we concluded that the out-put and out-come evaluations, and cross-section data sharing are highly important to promote Smart Cities.

The new era of development has subsequently been accompanied by many challenges such as urban sprawl and inappropriate urban expansion, informal settlements, and environmental pollution, which have all negatively affected the urban environment. The paper initially observed experiences from case studies related to quality of life, urban growth, and affordability issues. Secondly, the study identifies a multi dimensional approach strengthening inclusive urbanization. In conclusion, the study clarifies how the Afghan government can promote the production of more affordable housing by presenting assessments and suggestions, thus contributing to the improvement of affordable housing in Kabul.

This paper analyzes land-use management issues on excavating sites of grave and rock from a viewpoint of restoration and keeping proper land-use and conversion into another land-use, especially for urban land-use. Therefore, questionnaire surveys for local cities and suppliers to gather and quarry gravel and rock in the three major metropolitan areas were conducted. In addition, a case study was conducted in two districts where the conversion to urban land-use was started in recent years. As the result, the issue for the conversion into urban land-use of excavating sites by planning were investigated.

This study demonstrates a process for color planning for local place branding in Kagoshima prefecture. Colors which most closely related to prefectural features were shown to a group of over 1500 locals who were asked to identify those which they most closely associated with Kagoshima. The resulting selections were organized into 18 palettes. These palettes were then applied to product design, environmental design, and communications design. In total there were 13 cases of use. These were evaluated through interviews and public reaction. This paper demonstrates the contribution of citizen participation in color selection can support local cultural and socioeconomic development.

The client is considered to play a pivotal role within the whole development process of a building project in order to improve the efficiency and value of building production system. The purpose of this paper is to analyse building development projects in the UK which are invested by overseas developers, and the relationship of contract parties focusing on obligation and liability of the contract.

The client is considered to play a pivotal role within the whole development process of a building project in order to improve the efficiency and value of building production system. The purpose of this paper is to analyse building development projects in the UK which are invested by overseas developers, and the non-contractual risk management methods from the aspects of selection, practice and engineering technology.

This study focuses on the new supply strategy of public rental housing “Social Housing” (SH) in Taipei City. Focusing on the features of residents and rent level of SH, this study evaluates the role of SH as public rental housing comparing with the existing rental Public Housing and private rental housing. Besides, this study analyzes the locational feature of SH by focusing on the accessibility to public transportation including MRT and city bus and comparing with the existing rental Public Housing. Finally, this study summarizes the position of SH in Taipei City based on the above analysis and comparison.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the measures for municipalities to tackle with the current problems of unmaintained vacant houses based on the nationwide survey. As the result, it became clear that the main problems and the important points for solving these problems. The problems that had been pointed out before are not solved in many municipalities, and some additional problems are found. There are many cases where it is difficult for municipalities to take positive measures even to unmaintained vacant houses that adversely affect the surroundings.

This research investigates elements of uncertainty (EOU) remaining after demolition work starts, through observation of the design and construction processes of an exclusively-owned dwelling unit of a condominium with a design–bid–build method. Design revision was assumed for designers to deal with EOU as of the construction contract. There was a case where EOU found after the demolition of interior brought design revision and additional construction, which influenced the construction period and cost. It is thinkable that issues caused by EOU found during the construction work increase. A contract needs to be thought for such risks among stakeholders.

The study describes an architectural survey of The Fujita Museum warehouses. The two buildings were built in 1911 immediately after reinforced concrete construction was introduced in Japan. And after 107 years the buildings were demolished in 2018. The warehouse 1 had a superior in fireproof performance because it was made of double outer wall and with an incline roof that were made from reinforced concrete. It also have a steel roof truss that was a produced domestically by The Imperial Steel Works, Japan.

Department of Architecture, Waseda University maintains the design documents of the National indoor general stadium. These materials include detailed design drawings for air conditioning and sanitation facilities of main gymnasium and sub gymnasium. In this report, we aim to create a summary and list of these materials and build a foundation for considering the implementation design of the National Indoor Stadium.

The purpose of this report is to survey Kenzo Tange’s correspondence with participants in the eighth conference of the International Congresses of Modern Architecture (CIAM VIII). These materials are stored at the archive of Ms. Michiko Uchida. Tange’s correspondence with Walter Gropius, Josep Luís Sert, and Takamasa Yoshizaka in particular highlights the preparations he made before traveling abroad. The analysis of the letters Tange sent to his wife revealed what he thought about reconstruction in Europe, modernist architecture, and what urban design should be like in Japan.

The Ijinkan (the former engineers’ residence of Kagoshima Cotton Mill) is one of western-style buildings in Bakumatsu Japan. In its floorplan, room-sizes and components including doors, windows and verandahs were designed in the same manner. With reference to the archaeological surveys, it is revealed that the main building, two attached building and stable were laid almost symmetrically in the rectangular plot of land. Considering the lives of foreign engineers employed in the Satsuma, the Ijinkan was probably designed as a boarding house, which was different to other existing western-style buildings in Bakumatsu Japan.

This paper aims to consider the spatial flexibility in the house called Tempe à Pailla using Eileen Gray’s two portfolios. Based on her portfolio discourse and photographs, we analyzed the formal elements with spatial flexibility in terms of the room position, the types of the formal operation. As a result, Gray realized the formal elements with spatial flexibility, especially in the terrace and the bedroom, using the three types of the formal operation: “pivoting”, “folding”, “sliding” which were more narrowed than E.1027. In conclusion, we state that Gray created a more contrasting composition concerning the spatial flexibility than E.1027.

Notes handwritten by Furuichi Koi in French are currently kept in “Furuichi Koi Collection”, the University of Tokyo (M04, M05, M07). M04 and M05 were translated into Japanese by Iguchi Shohei, but Japanese translation of M07 entitled Notes sur les travaux publics en Europe is not yet realized. The purpose of this report is the typing and Japanese translation of the full text of “Notes diverses” of Chapter 1 that provide an overview of the Rhone River, suspension bridges over the Durance River, roads near the Durance River, and maintenance personnel for roads.

This paper, the author makes a literature survey and interview survey on the experience and architectural activities of architect Toshio Shibata, and clarifies Toshio Shibata practical architectural activities and its role in the reconstruction of Hiroshima.

The drawings of the house register of Makabe in 1902 basically matches the actual floor plan of the remains. These drawings are only single-line floor plans, but for example, they are color-coded for each floor type and the exact area is depicted, and also the main entrance is indicated by numbers and letter orientations. It is possible to read the drawing more precisely by paying attention to the characteristics of these drawing notations.

Industrial urbanization disconnected city dwellers from direct access to natural resources. Consequently urban forests were introduced into cities for their aesthetic and environmental qualities, and are managed through the practice of urban forestry, which primarily focuses on maintenance services. However, emerging initiatives around the world are expanding the scope of urban forestry practice through the network generated by untapped forestry resources in the city. This study aims to clarify the potential of urban forestry for fostering citizens participation through resources accessibility, by comparing the network of different case studies based on the resources transformation and the members involvement.

Hanroku Yamaguchi’s “Plan for Osaka” is known to be a pioneering example of Japanese planning. This is the first in a series of papers confirming the contents of the accompanying text to Yamaguchi’s plan, “Explanation of the Plan for Osaka” by comparing two existing versions. Through close examination of the corrections made between versions, this study draws attention to city design topics that Yamaguchi was especially concerned about. Part one addresses the development of Yamaguchi’s street plan, from the city authority’s street design requirements, to the comprehensive consideration of city planning including other facilities and upgrading of the existing streets.

Early detection of the crack in the external wall is a critical task in building maintenance. An image-based inspection has an advantage in terms of cost and efficiency; however, it requires much effort for high-rise buildings because of a massive number of taken pictures. Specifically, it is hard to distinguish the cracks in the walls made of natural stones from their complex texture pattern. To support such inspection, we developed the artificial-intelligence-based computer-aided detection system for wall cracks. We demonstrated that the system detects cracks properly in pictures of granite wall panels taken from a real tower building.

In response to the labor shortages caused by an aging society, many attempts have been made to improve productivity using information technology, such as sensors and automated heavy machinery. Crane work is one of the labor-intensive tasks in construction sites; hence, automation is expected.
This study reports on a computer vision-based application for supporting crane work, specifically item-hoisting work. A pose estimation method is developed using marker-tracking and deep-learning-based global feature-tracking, which calculates position correction data for a crane and manipulation for a gyro instrument that controls the turn of a hoisted item.

A method for shape design of free-form shells under self-weight is presented, without resorting to any parametric shape representations. The graph surface is discretized into a polyhedral surface with quadrilateral mesh. Membrane stresses which satisfy the equilibrium in the horizontal plane are given based on Pucher’s formulation, and the equilibrium equation in the vertical direction is solved. Desirable distributions of thrusts on the boundaries of a surface can easily be specified. Successive over-relaxation method is used for solving Pucher’s formulation discretized by the finite-difference method. It is shown in the numerical examples that various equilibrium shapes can be generated.

The impression of space and perception of distance may be different in real space, 3D space on the flat display (DP space), and 3D space on the immersive head-mounted display (HMD space). In this study, the mean value and standard deviation were calculated and verified based on the data obtained from the experiment. The difference between DP space and HMD space for the real space is described. The results showed differences of the perceived distance and, in psychological evaluations, differences of the openness and the presence of the object.

The 2011 North Nagano earthquake of M=6.7 occurred in the next day following to the 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tōhoku. This earthquake attacked snowy countries between Nagano and Niigata prefectures and caused many damage related to the snow. However, these disasters were not reported so much because most concerns are concentrated to the bigger Tohoku event at that time. In this paper, authors carried out literature surveys on damage related to snow. Local newspaper of Shinano-Mainichi was surveyed and related to snow articles were listed in time series and discussed.

This research conducted a questionnaire to 160 elementary and junior high school students and their parents who practiced “my gensai map program”. The target area was damaged by Typhoon No. 19 and has a high risk of flooding. As a result of the questionnaire, it was found that the students who created the map communicated their learned to their families. And it was found that conversation at home is involved in deepening the effect. At the time of typhoon, many households were considering evacuation, and as a result of the examination, many people chose to evacuate at home.