This research focuses on the relationship between spatial self-position detection by referring to landmarks, and the specific visual field function. Through an experiment using virtual environment technology, we verified the relationship between the self-position detection accuracy based on landmarks and the gaze tendency of subjects. The results suggested that when detecting the spatial self-position using some landmarks, there are subject who mainly gazing at landmarks and who are mainly gazing at other than landmarks. In addition, it was shown that the self-position detection accuracy differs between the two groups by changing the visual area where the landmark is displayed.

In this study, we investigated the effect of an ambiguous middle-area of attribution formed by varying the form of the unevenness of the stores facing the street on the recognition of the street central position. Ten college students participated in the experiment asked to search the central position of the street in a virtual street. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the sensory central position of the street easily moved in the condition where the middle-area was created by the concave shape.

This study is a report focusing on the timber framing system of two fisherman’s house, the Kimura house and the former Shiratori house located in Ishikari city. In the analysis, the overview of the two buildings was organized, and then the framing system of daidokoro and niwa were considered. As a result, the simplicity of Jyoya・Geya-Kozo and the design of the independent post were clarified.

This study examined the sense of safety that bollard arrays give pedestrians. A total of 18 subjects experienced a virtual environment, including bollard arrays near the boundary between a sidewalk and a roadway. Participants had to adjust the bollard arrays’ height to convey a sense of safety when the car passed by. In experiment 2, the subjects’ eye height was intentionally manipulated by adjusting the floor of the VR space. Results suggest that the height of the reassuring bollard increased with the gap between bollards. Besides, the lower the eye height, the lower the height of the reassuring bollard.

The dwelling units’ space composition developed for aristocrats from 17-18th century in Paris were transformed into a new one which the bourgeoisie mainly lived, after the French Revolution and Haussmann’s renovation of Paris in the 19th century. In modern era, the traditional dwelling units’ plan of “Appartement” has been further subdivided and used as the dwelling space for ordinary Parisians. Focusing on the sustainability of the traditional Appartement space which continues to be lived to nowadays, this study attempts to accurately record the historical data and analyze and describe the change of the plan using the “Space Syntax” theory.

This study presents a methodology that considers design as common resource in the field of architectural design. The purpose of this report is to verify the outputs and outcomes of MOKU-CHIN RECIPE, a design tool for revitalizing private rental housing. In this report, all the renovation ideas of MOKU-CHIN RECIPE are listed, and 70 cases of renovations are analyzed and interviews are conducted. In conclusion, it is clear that MOKU-CHIN RECIPE is a resource with its purpose and effect clearly recognized, and a resource that allows for a variety of creativity through the acquisition of knowledge and skills.

Currently, Japan as a whole is experiencing an aging. In addition, many depopulated areas are plagued with natural environmental and topographical factors. We tried to typological analysis by analyzing land use data and population characteristics. Through cluster analysis, it could be confirmed that there were 6 types of religions by land use condition, and 5 types of religions by population characteristics. And it could be clarified that the distribution situation of each religion was different. Problem situation and future vision of each religion also showed different characteristics.

Kuju is a village in the Kumano area with a population of about 20 people. There is a closed elementary school in this village, where cafes, bookstores and bakery shops are open. We designed and built a bamboo tent during their annual KUJU MARKET, a Marche event hosted by them. This is an experiment to be able to hold an event outside even in rainy weather. It is also an experiment on using bamboo as a material for temporary construction.

In the early Showa period, there were 60,000 ryoteis and 20,000 okiyas and 80,000 geishas. Tokyo, Osaka and Aichi had many geishas, but the number of geisha per capita was the highest in Ishikawa. The number of geisha decreased during the Showa Depression and increased during the Sino-Japanese War. In Aichi, most of machiai-chayas were in Nagoya. Nagoya had many ryoteis, okiyas and geishas, but the number of geisha per capita exceeded Nagoya’s one in some areas. In Aichi, few areas had the changes in the number of geisha were on downward trends.

To tackle current issue such as declining and elder population, regional planning is one of the key programs for local municipalities. So, this paper deals with the unit of regional compact city policy and attempts to clarify the functional unit in the region across current border of municipalities. From the analysis such as Coordinated Core Metropolitan Areas, population size, city planning areas, living spheres and questionnaire survey, large cities tend to have positive answers for Regional Compact City Policy but small cities. Therefore, decision-making mechanism should be cleared between member municipalities.

This study is to clarify the transition of the vicinity of Fukuyama castle focused on the historical remains related to the castle. By clarifying the transition, we aim to utilize the historical remains for revitalizing local cities as their characteristics. It is not only for visitors but also for their citizens to arouse a feeling of “Civic Pride”. Our final goal is to make the findings of this study as a basic information for formulation of City Planning of Fukuyama and of other local cities which have the similar issues of losing its attractiveness and of population decline.

This study focuses on cases where stations and medical facilities were integrally developed, offering knowledge about planning methods for the city center revitalization. First, we defined 35 districts with a redeveloped railway station alongside medical facilities development after the 2000s. Second, we conducted a questionnaire survey with the municipalities about these developments and the outputs contributing to urban regeneration. Finally, we organized the results by types of medical facilities. Then, we assess the characteristics of planning methods done and the effects observed.

At present, the spread of COVID-19 has caused many infections in our country, which have not yet been brought under control. The government declared a state of emergency in April 2020 and requested the public to refrain from going out unnecessarily. The impact of the spread of COVID-19 is not only threatening people’s lives and health, but also the economy and people’s action and attitudes. Therefore, in order to study the future of the town planning, this study clarified the changes of staying population due to COVID-19 from the viewpoint of land use.

The purpose of this study is to present the planning method and process of the infill-type housing estate in Wakasa Town, and to clarify the effect of environmental improvement and community reorganization after the project. The research results are as follows. This housing estate has many young households, which has a positive effect on the age balance of the district, and U-turn households promote parent-child ties. The landscape is full of greenery and is used by the local residents, which has a positive effect. It forms a community with the village by participating in various district events and activities.

Green Infrastructure (GI) which utilizing various function of natural recourses for resolving social issue is necessary to correspond with the bad effects seems to be caused by climate change, such as urban warming and increasing floods in recent year. This study aims to proposing design guideline for using small valley called “Yato” as GI effectively and we evaluated the thermal (air temperature) and water environment (flow rate) in some of them in Yokohama. All Yato in Yokohama are also classified six types based on these results, and countermeasures to improving thermal and water environment were suggested for each type.

In this study, we set four challenges to overcome in rebuilding the historic buildings that were extensively damaged by the tsunami. The four issues are (1) financing and system construction, (2) emergency restoration of damaged buildings and infrastructure restoration, (3) time-limited reconstruction schedule issues, and (4) legal compliance issues. The authors have constructed and practiced solutions to these four problems and demonstrated certain effects.

In this study, we proposed a new analysis method of cognition preferences for urban landscapes based on machine learning algorithms and SNS data. Benefiting from the high performance of machine learning algorithms and the diversity of SNS data, this new framework can not only accurately estimate urban residents’ subjective evaluation of urban landscapes but also quantitatively compare the cognition preferences of residents with different characteristics.

To prevent graffiti, a private business operator is conducting a project involving the posting of outdoor advertisements on walls surrounding Shibuya station, as requested by the owners of these walls. In this study, the project status and influence of changing the graffiti on the walls to advertising on the landscape impression of visitors are evaluated. The results indicate that wall owners can not only reduce the damage caused by graffiti but also earn advertising revenue. Moreover, the impression of visitors, in terms of the liveliness, calmness, and security of the landscape, is enhanced.

In this study, we implemented the street furniture “BOLLARD TABLE” at the Oote-Mall in the central area of Toyama City, and verified its effectiveness. As a result, it was found that the “BOLLARD TABLE” creates a well-designed staying space that gives users a sense of openness and the character of the Oote-Mall. These findings will provide insights for the development of street furniture that provides a new way to enjoy urban space while ensuring safety considering the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trends in the national award system and to identify the actual conditions and issues. We identified national trends in terms of establishment history, objectives and age. In addition, focusing on the regional characteristics of the award systems, we investigated the contents of the judging and the actual situations of public participation. As a result, we found that few systems are open to the community and few opportunities to be directly involved in the evaluation of works.

This study analyzed the operational status of 18 districts to which the tsunami reconstruction base development project established for the reconstruction after Great East Japan Earthquake was applied. As a result, the following three points were mainly clarified. Of the 7 districts that were gradually expanded, 5 districts including the land readjustment project were 10ha or less, and 5 districts with an applicable area of 5ha or less were slow to introduce the project and only public facilities were developed. 7 districts with more than 10ha were not merged with the land readjustment project except Rikuzentakata City.

Due to COVID-19, university campuses have been closed since April 2020, and campus space usage was restricted. The significance of campus space will be discussed by comparing the campus use by the students before and after the self-restraint. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted on 6,789 students to identify the actual situation of activities such as classes and interactions, as well as their keen opinions through open-ended responses. Restrictions on campus use lead to the loss of interaction and campus spaces for students to study and to live. This research clarifies the significance of campus space for future campus planning.

The global spread of COVID-19 has forced many universities to close their doors. In the city of Boston, the government assisted institutions to use off-campus spaces for institutional use on a temporary to re-open the campus. This study focuses on the universities and the city of Boston and finds out the background and contents of the policy and details of temporary uses. In conclusion, the existing institutional planning code helped to promote the communication smoothly between universities and communities for temporary uses. Furthermore, this study shows hotels in the city were used as student dorms for de-densification, isolation, and quarantine.

By analyzing Architecture-disputes found in architecture journal articles about building defects, there were four types of liability. According to these four types, we made pathways for architects as designers shall see things from different angles, clients shall understand the project and explain to neighbors, designers and supervisors shall coordinate with the project party after design phase and supervisors shall be aware of being the last barrier against building defects.

This paper provides the first statistics on stigmatized properties in Tokyo, Japan, based on information posted by the general population on the website oshimaland.com. The data suggest that events are more likely to be posted when they are more recognizable to the public. In concrete terms, ratios of the numbers of posted events to the numbers of deaths reported in government statistics are much higher for homicides and fires than for suicides and solitary deaths. In addition, most deaths by homicides and fires are posted immediately after the events occur, whereas other events take longer to be posted.

Anyone can calculate the building unit price obtained from the building start statistics relatively easily. It is useful for capturing a macro view of the building market, and there is a great need for its use in architectural planning. However, if the stratification of the attributes of the observed data is extremely advanced, the number of data may be too small, and interpolation and smoothing are required for good estimation. In this paper, some of the basic and concrete methods are shown based on the examples, and the technical framework that enables the appropriate methods is presented.

In this study, we construct the constructure of WBS using classification system and analyze the possibility of using unified building information throughout the construction process in order to improve the efficiency of construction project management. Specifically, we assume WBSs using a combination of UniFormat and MasterFormat tables of OmniClass, Elements/Functions and Systems with Products tables of Uniclass2015, which are known as international standard classification systems, and construct quantitative analysis inside per table and in association of tables. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of unifying building information according to WBS using the two concepts of separability and structural comprehensiveness.

In Japan, the number of people facing difficulty in finding rental housing remains high. To address this issue, it is essential to investigate the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of renters, owners, and real estate agencies. We conducted a survey of real estate agencies in the municipality of Toshima, Tokyo, and found that agencies that had more business experience, that were better informed about the public subsidy system, and that engaged not only in brokage but also in leasing services tended to make more contracts with renters in need. Promoting the reutilization of vacant housing would be a potential solution.

This paper reports on the number and distribution of thatched houses in Iga City, Mie Prefecture, and Koka City, Shiga Prefecture. In this survey, 980 houses were found to be extant in Iga City and 361 in Koka City, with the distribution clustered in the northwestern part of Iga City and the south-central part of Koka City. In addition, 97.7% of thatched houses in Iga City and 96.7% of thatched houses in Koka City have roofs covered with metal sheets.

The Kawaguchi Kenichi Laboratory, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, has, in its collection, the landscaping change drawings for the Yoyogi National Stadium designed by Kenzo Tange. They consist of six volumes containing design change instructions and drawings made during the construction period. These drawings also contain Tange’s instructions for reusing flagstones from the Tokyo tramline for the Yoyogi National Stadium pavement. This report explains part of the Yoyogi National Stadium design process by summarizing and cataloging these materials.

This paper aims to consider the design process of “house” through the experience of the model design and making by the 4th grade 32 children. As a method of analysis, we compare the three type of drawings and their form and function. As a result, children have become to be interested in making low floor instead of high floor in the model making process, and concentrated to make the indoor bedroom and bathroom, not only in the inside, but also as equipment in the outside.

Nakagin Capsule Tower is a famous piece of Japanese architecture and an iconic representative of the architectural style named “capsule architecture”. The building consists of 140 independent capsules which became dilapidated through time and due to financial issues became difficult to renovate or replace them at once. However, the old capsules can be renovated one by one what shows the unique and more flexible approach possible for capsule architecture. This article traces the history of renovation of one of the capsules and the development of the new rental system called “monthly capsule”.

Redevelopment of declining industrial areas was an important economic and safety issue in the 1990s in Italy. Since then, a number of redevelopment projects have been carried out. In many cases, the existing factory buildings were regarded as an industrial heritage and were conserved, renovated, and reused continuously. In this paper, we will report the history and program of the Bicocca district in Milan, which is considered to be a successful example of the revitalization of an industrial area, as well as the methods used to preserve and utilize industrial heritage structures.

In this study, we examined the transition of the style of the RC main hall in Tokyo and analyzed the influence of the style of the main hall (independent type / mixed type) on the style, and pointed out the followings. 1) From 1951, the number of RC temple main halls gradually increased, the number of modern style main halls increased at first, and then the traditional style exceeded. 2) The main hall of the mixed type is mainly modern style, and the styles up to 1990 is various, but the building types has increased since then.

Yoshihumi Nomura is a folk house researcher based in Gyeongseong and Kyushu, and this paper organizes his architectural materials stored at Kagoshima University. The Nomura materials consist of 165 volumes, 8,986 items with 5,580 photographs, 1,647 drawings, and 1,759 others. Most of them were from the Nansei Islands and remote islands around Kyushu. We consider that these materials are important for the study of the folk house, which have not been preserved today.

This paper describes the development of a database of past structural design cases. Each data is extracted from the integrated structural design and analysis software and stored in a database. The database is in RDB format, and the amount of data is over 400 properties, 15 tables, and the average number of records in each table is over 10,000. In addition to design information such as cross-sections, the database integrates material quantity information, which is unprecedented in other building databases. We have also developed a similar property visualization system using this database characteristic.

The objective of this study is to develop a method to extract and draw shape information of elements through operating those within building information models for considering the factor of a failure. According to the types of building components, three types which are pipes, rooftop slabs and roof-drains are selected as a case study. In each case, the different method to confirm and extract the overlap between an element and the target room is proposed. Drawings are created in a 2D manner by using this extracted shape information.

Basic maps are necessary for research of rural settlements, showing the general shape of the settlement, including streets, building layout and elevation. However, ready-made maps based on civil engineering surveys do not exist especially in many small settlements in developing countries. This paper proposes a method of creating base maps with limited manpower and budget by using GPS and Grasshopper (a plug-in for Rhinoceros). Streets and buildings are measured using equipment such as GPS receivers, and the resulting data is processed by Grasshopper to obtain a three-dimensional map. A case study in the village of Yusuk, Thailand, validated this approach.

In this study, a questionnaire survey of students participating in group work was conducted in order to gain knowledge for effective planning and management of online group work in university education. As a result, the group work members were divided into three types in order of their contribution: proactive leader type, supporter type, and follower type. Many members of the proactive leader type and supporter type rated both the maturity of the group and the contribution of the individual highly, while the follower type had various ratings for the group and low ratings for the individual.

Since 1999, the number of required credits in Domestic Science in high school education has decreased from four to two. The authors sent out questionnaires to Chiba Prefecture Domestic Science high school teachers. They analyzed the result of the questionnaires and how the contents of lesson would be changed in accordance with the number of lesson hours. They also tried to find out the relationship between the contents of classroom lectures and practical training, hoping that the usual lessons and practical lessons would be unified in a better positive outlook.

This study investigates the actual conditions of houses flooded by the 2020 Kyushu floods, and reports on the recovery procedures. The recovery procedures were organized in the chronological order based on the records of the technical guidance provided by the authors. The recovery process chart clarified the work process and the number of people required. In addition, the authors interviewed the victims and summarized the recovery work and period of one year after the disaster. It was found that it was difficult for residents to work alone immediately after the disaster and that it was necessary to secure personnel.

The 1964 Niigata earthquake is one of the biggest one occurred in the Japan Sea and caused various damage to the wide area. In the previous paper, the authors reexamined damage at Akita prefecture using local newspaper articles and appearance of various damage in spite of longer epicentral distance of more than 100 km was pointed out. In this paper, damage in the whole affected areas excepting the Niigata prefectures is discussed with reports and newspaper articles at that time. Detailed damage by local municipality is listed in a table and its spatial distribution is discussed.

Typhoon Jebi in 2018 and typhoon Faxai in 2019 have revealed that the housing stock in Japan is wind vulnerable. In the face of the emerging climate change impact, it is an important and urgent matter to upgrade wind-vulnerable housing stock. For this, the upgrading of damaged houses, which are proved to be wind vulnerable, is most efficient. However, this is usually not happening. This study investigates the situation of the rehabilitation of the damaged houses by field and questionnaire surveys, focusing areas affected by typhoon Faxai and its vicinity, illustrating what hinders upgraded repair.

This study reports the results of a post-disaster survey for residential environment in Chiba Prefecture after Typhoon Faxai on Sep. 9, 2019. Besides to damage surveys for houses caused by strong winds, questionnaire surveys on the residential environment, which inquired about the change of the residential environment after the disaster, were conducted. As the damage of roof becomes severe, the number of houses responding to “water leakage” increases. When the damage ratios of the roof were 10%, the response rate to “water leakage” was 30%.

This study reports structural characteristics of damaged houses and cause of roof damage due to Typhoon Faxai. The field survey was conducted in three areas of Chiba Prefecture. It was found that the damage rate in these areas was about 60%. Damage to houses equipped with roof tile was remarkable, whereas the rate of damaged houses decreased as the building age became younger. Younger houses tend to have slight damage to roof and its cause was often wind-born debris from neighbor with damage due to strong winds during typhoon.

This study aimed to grasp the current status and issues of facility planning for psychiatric day care units in Japan. We investigated and analyzed the following two aspects. 1) We collected material data and drawings of the facility to understand the operation status and room planning of 27 psychiatric day care units. 2) We inspected 11 facilities and conducted interview surveys to figure out the building usage and ideas in using rooms by staff.