This study tried to obtain solutions on four subjects : Tbackground and meaning of resident participation, (2) the method for effectively conduct of resident participation, (3) problemsregarding resident participation. and (4) the grasping of the influence factors of local government officers' consciousness concerning resident participation. An outline of the main results are as follows.
1) Many local government officers strongly recognize the needs of resident participation. Regarding the background of their support, there are such recognition of the realities as problems solution by the assembly or the top-down approach which have run into a stand-still due to the rapidly changing of the sense of values, life-style and behavior patterns of rural residents.
2) Many local government officers think that resident participation not causing any serious problems. It is commonly thought that resident participation will produce such ploblems asan infringement of the role and authority of the assembly, dispersion of leadership of the local government andencouragement of the egoism of the residents. However, it became clear that almost all of them do not worry about occurrence of such problems.
3) Many local government officers evaluate such a method to promote resident participation as a supply of information, make the residents realize that participation produces good results, create a child participation system for social activities, and form a daily activity base.
4) It became clear that consciousness of local government officers regarding resident participation is affected by such factors as attribution of age, experience in administrative work, experience in administrative work regarding resident participation, the state of dealing with resident participation and the peculiarity of belonging to a municipality. Especially, experiences of administrative work regarding resident participation strongly influences their evaluation attitude concerning effects and problems with resident participation.

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the recreational value of Nishigami Farm Management Co-operation's pickup farm in Hokkaido, Shikaoi-town. We use zonal travel cost method to evaluate the value of this farm. The travel cost method is used to estimate a demand curve and its consumer's surplus.
About 15, 000 people visit the pick-up farm annually for recreation. They visit not only for picking up strawberries but also for enjoying rural amenities and agricultural landscapes. Most of the people visit the pick-up farm by their car. It is easy to estimate their travel cost. Therefore, we think that this site is appropriate for applying the travel cost method.
The data results from a questionnaire survey that was interviewed in from July to September 1993 to visitors at the pick-up farm. Consequently, we collected the data of 208 visitor groups from these on-site surveys. For evaluating the recreational value of the pick-up farm, we estimated the frequency of visit functions by ordinary least squares (OLS). These functions are used for estimating demand curves. Finally, we obtain the consumer's surplus by integrating demand curves.
As the result of applying the travel cost method to the recreational value of the pick-up farm, we obtain three conclusions which are summarized as follows.
1. The recreational value of this pick-up farm is estimated at about from ten million to thirty million yen. And this amount is equivalent to the farm's annual turnover from the entrance fee.
2. Visitors recognize that the farm provides the rural amenities such as “enjoying natural environment to the full” or “actually, we are able to experience agriculture”.
3. The travel cost method is very useful for evaluating the multifaceted function of agriculture and farming villages by selecting appropriate cases.

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One of the most pressing concern of developing waterside environments is the prevention of accidents at water parks and other such facilities. Citing court cases involving water-related accidents over the past 30 years, this paper will explain the legal responsibility for accidents which have occurred at water parks, and will consider various points for constructing these parks. Regarding accidents in which the behavior of the victims could have been predicted, it is apparent that attempts have been made to hold the management of such facilities liable in cases involving places where people gather, structures that should have been designed to discourage climbing, lack of safety prevention measures, past history of accidents, and so on.
It is necessary to formulate accident prevention measures for three stages of the development of water parks: planning, design, and post-completion. At the planning stage, there must be a thorough understanding of locational conditions and past history of accidents; at the design stage, safety features are incorporated into the design after considering and predicting behavioral patterns of users; and at the post-completion stage, periodic inspection and maintenance must be undertaken after completion of the project, and elements that can be considered dangerous should be removed before any accidents or other problems occur.

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Landscape of paddy fields, which is a typical one of Japanese rural landscape, will be possibly changed in future by two factors. One is the change of the agricultural structure, from small-scale landed farmers to large-scale rental farmers. The other is the social demands for conservation and reconstruction of landscape and nature in rural areas.
This report describes how these two factors will influence the paddy field landscape, and what landscape will be realized in the result.

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