Those affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 were forced to live in temporary housing complexes. Neighbourhood associations established in these temporary housing complexes played important roles in improving the living conditions of the residents. In this study, we selected three types of neighbourhood associations in Ishinomaki-city, Miyagi Prefecture, and analysed the residents' activities and the management of the associations from 2013 to 2015. We found seven core activities fundamental for improving the living environment in the temporary housing complexes. The key requisites noted for sustainable management of the neighbourhood associations included reduction of the workload and responsibilities of the chairperson, appointment of female officials, and establishment of vice-group leader positions.

As one of the new styles of agriculture, the combination of solar photovoltaic and food crops is spreading. However, there are few empirical analysis about this new agricultural style. Using data of questionnaire survey, this paper has analyzed the factors that affect this new agricultural style by farmers. In the present study, it has been revealed that the expectation for electricity self-generation and adding value for agricultural products have enhanced farmers' willingness for the combination of solar photovoltaic and food crops.

In this paper, I analyzed factors causing income difference for 121 municipalities located in the Tokai area by using per capita income for taxation and applying multiple regression analysis, and found the main factors which generate positive or negative deviation from the average per capita income, for each municipality. In the cases of municipalities containing bad locational conditions, there are many such municipalities, where negative deviation was generated by two or three main factors. In order to improve the per capita income, it is important to receive more persons, who have the will to come or return to a target municipality and work, and make sure there are ample job opportunities.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the characteristics of activities for maintaining rural community by collaboration with non-residents of family members by focusing on the case of Nishiotaki, Iiyama City, Nagano Prefecture. As a result of our survey, it was revealed that there are three types of way non-residents of family members are involved with community activities: participation in only recreational activities; participation in only required activities; and participation in both recreational and required activities. It was also found that year after year, the number of the non-residents who are involved with community events or associations has increased, but the number of them is limited, because some of them have more than one role in the community and all of them are not interested in the community activities. Therefore, it is necessary to think to involve non-residents who are not family members in the community activities.