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Izuru SAIZEN, Kei MIZUNO, Shintaro KOBAYASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
1-6
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Large amount of conversion from farmland to non-agricultural uses has occurred in white zones of the agricultural promotion area. However, no study has tried temporal and spatial analysis of land-use change over a large area due to lack of time-series digital data in white zones.
In this study we arranged time-series lattice date in Osaka Prefecture by overlaying land-use master plans and 10-meter land-use grid date. Agricutural land change in white zones over 1978-1992 was analyzed in comparison with that in the urbanization control area.
The result showed that land-use change in the urbanization control area was outstanding in the early 80's, while in the latter period the trend has encroached on white zones, showing high rate of conversion to residential area and public facilities including effects of large-scale road development.
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Keisuke Yoshida, Shoichiro Asakawa
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
7-12
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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A prominent theme is the development of farmland evalution of the urban fringe based on the consciousness of neighbours (N=492) . 1) After the result of semantic differential method, the three common factors; general evaluation, rurality and peculrality were identified. 2) Based on cluster analysis of the factor scores of each questionnaire respondent, four groups were identified. 3) The four groups have different attitudes regarding conservation and planning. The first group has an average consciousness. The second group gives a higher priority to farms. The third group thinks of farms as recreational use. The fourth group thinks offer food and other uses.
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-Case of the Hanam City in Kyonggi Prefecture-
Sangwon LEE, Yohei SATO, Kenichi HATANAKA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
13-18
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The objective of this study is to analyze development pattern on converting farmland and the criteria of choosing it to be converted by the farmer using spatial method in Seoul Grennbelt.
These results were as follows.
1) Agricultural facilities are just 9 cases out of 23 cases of development on converting farmland.
2) Urban facilities were established on farmland where its relative distance is far from the farmhouse and connected to the arterial road. Agricultural facilities were established on farmland where its relative distance was close to the farmhouse.
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A case study in West District of Kobe
Lei WANG, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI, Yasuaki KUKI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
19-24
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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For revealing the effect of newtown development on changes of the surrounding rural, Seisin Newtown and 144 cmmunities of West District of Kobe were chosen as the survey area, and annual changes in distribution patterns of agricultural structure and living environment were analyzed with principal component analysis and quantification theory type III method. The results showed that Newtown development provides a convenient environment for the surrounding rural area, and has promoted agricultural productivity due to related rural development projects.
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Takashi HIROHARA, Makoto YOKOHARI, Yoshitake KATO, Takashi WATANABE
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
25-30
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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An evalution framework of farmland for “multi-crop”agriculture was developed. The framework was then applied to the study area in Saitama Prefecture to identify present distribution patterns and decreasing processes of prime farmlands for multi-crop agriculture. Spatial analysis of prime farmlands by the distance from nearest railway station illustrated that the distribution patterns of prime farmland are similar to that of urban area. Periodic analysis of the farmland distribution in the study area illustrated that the percentage of decreased prime farmlands by means of urban development was higher than those of 2nd and 3rd class farmlands.
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Hitoshi IKEGUCHI, Keiko SHIRATORI, Takehiro GOTO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
31-36
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Keeping visibility toword broad landscape is one of the important function agricultural landuse. In purpose to clarify this function. we attached importance to the relationship between the actual physical from of local community and the landform as potential resource. In htis study we tried to compare them at 8 viewpoints in Fuji-Hokuroku (the northern foot of Mt. Fuji) area. To visualize the potential view from the ground level without artificial visual obstacles can provide, we simulated 3-D model using orthophotograph and DEM.
Through the comparison between the actual photographs and this potential views at the railroad stations, we pointed out that the neighboring existence of paddy fields effectively preserves the visibility of Mt. Fuji.
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Satoru Okubo, Shori Yamamoto, Yoshitake Kato
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
37-42
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This paper presents a method to analyze landscape strutures on rual on terraces-hills. Four typical towns predominated by paddy fields on stopes were selected as research sites in the Bosoh Peninsula. We focused on the natural drainage system as one of the most important factor to understand horizontal linkages among land units. Based on drainage directions calculated from digital clevation models (DEM), relationships between land use patterns and topographic patterns were analyzed. In the result, landscape structures were represented on a schematic landscap model. In the addition of the analysis, we discussed about environmental functions of different landscape structures.
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Naoki HAYASHI, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
43-48
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The questionnaire survey was carried out to derive a desirable upgrading strategy for advanced utilization of irrigation ponds such as relaxation. The main feature of this research is that recognitions about utilization of water edge in childhood are foucused on. Analvzing hte answers from residents statistically, we can conclude the followings are important in planning advanced utilization of irrigation ponds : (1) the recognitions about playground; (2) the recognitions about agriculture. Keywords of concrete tentative plans are environmental education, allotment garden, and so on.
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Kota Asano, Yoshifumi Kodama
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
49-54
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This paper focuses on the problem in choosing a measure of central tendency in the valuation on the public agricultural projects. In general, total benefits of projects are evaluated by multiplying numbers of households who enjoy it by values of the measure. Because the choice of measures could vary the resulting value, considering it is important work. In this paper we focus on the selection between the mean and the madian, and we take two approach to it. One is the welfare economic approach and another is the statistical approach.
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Model Selection by Non-nested Hypothesis Testing
Ryuichi Tamura, Hiroto Tanaka
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
55-60
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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IN THIS PAPER WE TRY TO ESTIMATE the willingness to pay distributions for the multiple function of a water resource utilization project, using the double-bounded dichotomous choice date. In many CV studies, a functional form to be assumed in modelling the WTP distribution is not so carefully specified that misspecification problem sould occer. We propose a non-nested type testing procedure to choose the most appropriate form among alternetives, which requires only ressampling the likelihood ratio statistics.
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-Calculation of internal rate of return, net present value and benefit ratio-
Hiroyuki ITO, Katsuhiko DEMURA, Kazuo SATO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
61-65
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Recently, efficiency and the profit of public works are asked by social capital maintenance.
Importance and the necessity of the cost benefit analysis are recognized as a technique of the evaluation of the policy.
Especially, the validity verification of the invesiment is an important problem in the land improvement project of agricultural infrastructure improvement and rural development.
In htis paper, Internal rate of return, net present value and benefit ratio were calculated.
And internal rate of return, net present value and benefit ratio were compared.
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Ken-ichi HATANAKA, Mcinhard BREILING, Yohei SATO, Pavel CHARAMZA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
67-72
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Skiing contributes a lot to boost local economy in mountainous areas. We estimated the economic impact of global warming on local economy through skiing. We obined per person expenditure by skiers, estimated how many skiers are in ski resorts in Nagano prefecture, and estimated how mach money is likely to be used according to the nember of visitors. We also estimated the size of indirect economic impact induced by consumption by skiers, using I-O analysis. Furthemore, we related the assumed rise of temperature with the number of visitors. Economic impact by skiers' expenditure is assumed to diminish 260-310 billion yen for 1°Ctemperature rise.
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-Matsumoto district in Kobe City-
Yasunari MIYAKE, Yasuo MATSUMOTO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
73-78
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Reorganization of village is advanced in Matsumoto district, Kobe City located in the suburban agricultural area starting with the work in the allotment garden. In this paper, we clarified the process of reorganization of village mainly composed of the allotment garden, and considered the effects which it accomplished and the problem in the future. The following five points were pointed out as a condition that reorganization of village was able to be approved and promoted in this district. 1) The leader who had advanced consideration existed, and thry worked on reorganization of village positively, 2) Effective role which land improvement district and land improvement project played, 3) Publicrelations to resdent by organization magazine, 4) Promotion system of reorganization of village in the administration, 5) Conditions of location and social condition this district is given.
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-A CASE STUDY OF A SMALL PARK RENEWAL PROJECT IN MORIOKA CITY-
Jun-ichi HIROTA, Mami CHIBUKA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
79-84
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This study focuses on the process of development of the the partnership and the role of coordinators through Groundwork methods in a case of a small park renewal project in Morioka City. Morioka Junior Chamber's members and we have cordinated the project process together. The result are as foiilows: the roles of coordinators are. 1) education and information on the GW movements, 2) technical assistance on planning of parks and manegemnet of workshops etc, 3) advice on how to manage the process of the project, 4) interpretation among commnuity., municipality and companied, 5) a kind of outsider's position.
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-The case of Tono City Museum in Iwate Prefecture-
Yoshiaki MUKAIDA, Tomoyoshi KUMAGAI, Jun-ichi HIROTA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
85-90
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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In this paper we explored the contribution of municipal museum to revitalization of rural community. There are some subject in which staff, a management system such as a budget, and others, the relations with the other department in the museum. We analyzed potentials of municipal museums on these functions by case studies in Tono museum. The results are that the Tono museums have enogh abilities to contribute to revitalization of rural community.
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-The case of Oppama District in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture-
Shizuka Hashimoto, Yohei SATO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
91-96
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness and problems od social group representative system as a participation method in community development by partnership through the case study. (1) It is possible to make use of their characteristics in planning process with including social groups that act in related area. The communication function of group is effective for opening the process with including social groups that act in related area. The communication functon of group is effective for opening the information of planning process to public. (2) In order to promote the planning smoothly, enlightenment of representative participants from each group is necessary for getting the agreement of cooperation preliminary to planning. (3) It is necessary to bridge the difference of cognition between each participant through the cooperative process for improving the acceptable level of plan.
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Fumi Fujimoto, Kazuhiro Kimura
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
97-102
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The rural planning around school road should be conducted under the perception of schoolchildren's activities. The study was carried out of two study areas to investigate the tendencies of school road planning by classifying the form of school roads. In the study, we focused on the form of farm road, and we examined the behavior of schoolchildren on the road. In these area, the farm was effective to avoid traffic accident, and was also charming for schoolchildren as a various playground.
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Hiroshi Hirai, Kei Mizuno, Shintaro Kobayashi
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
103-108
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Repeal of supply-demand restriction which forms a part of deregulation prompts bus companies to withdraw from their bus lines in less profitable rural areas. Some municipalities started bus service in order to keep mobility of aged people and students. Costs of this service strain municipal budget, but on the other hand municipalities are able to establish welfare development plan and public transportation plan comprehensively. Advanced case of Kamiichi Town, Toyama Prefecture will be of much help for study of local transportation system in rural areas.
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-Mainly on Comparison of Farm Households and Non-farm Households-
Hiroto Yoshida, Satoshi Hoshino, Toyonobu Sato
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
109-114
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Home care services needed to the household are different by characteristics of a care person in addition to the conditions of the aged person who needs care.
In this paper, we grasped difference of home care service demand in a farm household and a non-farm household by questionnaire investigation from above-mentioned point of view and analyzed the factor.
And we considered the supply system of home care service in hilly and mountainous areas through the analysis.
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Nobuyoshi FUJIMOTO, Yuji KUSUMOTO, Nobuo MITSUHASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
115-120
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to clarifify some tendencies of the public policy of housing services encouraging migration to rural areas, which are accomplished by questionnaire survey to rural municipalities and two case studies.
The results are as follows: Intermediate-mountainous areas surpass others at the public policy of housing services to settle there. But, the policies to provide comfortable housing environments are not yet sufficient. It is important that the policy includes some supports by rural community to migrators. Finally, to repeat visits in advance to the area draws some migrating supports of the community.
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Masanori Azuma
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
121-126
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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There are many villedges suffered from floods of Chngjiang. It has been tried to reconstruct by moving the suffered villedges to safe zone. The characteristics of those are as follows;
1. By this opportunity of moving, there is a plan to integrate villedges and to construct villedges providing facilities.
2. Yhe constructed house are not for temporary purpose, but for parmanent use.
3. The whole plan was made first, and then phased building.
4. In order to raise quality of construction, it is strictly supervised.
5. Construction was standardised and simplified, in order to build as soon as possible.
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Yhe case of Tanohata village and Isawa town in Iwate Prefecture
Tomoyoshi KUMAGAI, Jun-ichi HIROTA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
127-132
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This paper analyzes new public participation systems in planning process of the master plan of local governments. One is the system in which residents are involved in planning works as planning stuffs (Yanohata village), and the other is the system in which they participate in planning process as council (Isawa town).
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-A case Study in Misumi Town, Shimane Prefecture-
Goshu YOSHIKAWA, Kei MIZUNO, Shintaro KOBAYASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
133-138
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Upon starting new activities for community development, it is common to learn from successful cases that have been practiced in other areas. This study deals with such as a case in Misumi Town, which referred to a preceding activity in Kaminaka Town. Through examining the activities in Misumi, it was shown that the villages-based planning process had for effects for revitalization of rural community and worked as a chance for getting force for community, which promoted willingness for community development. However, certain institutional problems such as lack experience in community-based activities, or poor administrative supports became disturbance for the village-wide spread of the planning process.
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-The case of Kaminaka-cho of Fukui Prefecture and Haguro-cho of Yamagata Prefecture-
Shunji IWATA, Hirofumi YOSHIMOTO, Masamitsu OGIHARA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
139-144
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The object of this study was to clarify hte method of rural settlement planning viewed from process of execution. The basis of the method of study was an analysis of the adjusted rural settlement according to the rural settlement adjustment plan in kaminaka-cho of fukui prefecture and haguro-cho of yamagata prefecture. An analysis was made of the background cause of rural settlement adjustment, the results of development of new residential area, the attributes of new comers and the evaluation of rural settlement adjustment by the residents in th rural settlement. The subjects on method of rural settlement adjustment planning were clarified based on the above-mentioned analysises.
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-K District in N Town, Hyogo Prefecture-
Tadashi Ushino
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
145-150
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Making a comprehensive district plan in the K District by inhabitants have been successfully implemented by using the “Kande method” as a planning method since 1998. And it has provided the inhabitants encouragement and motivation for farmers' optimal conservation of prime agricultural land rural environment. And they are going to implement land consolidation project that takes into consideration mobilization of land for agriculture use and formation of land use order. This paper points the actual conditions of the applied examples of the “Kande method” and makes clear the issues of its applications.
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-Case Study of Liaozhong County in Liaoning Province-
Satoshi Hoshino
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
151-156
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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In this paper, the author pointed out six major problems of rural development in the syudy area of Northeast China. Those were 1) expansion of economic disparity in farm households, 2) problems on marketing of agricultural commodities, 3) problems on water resources usage, 4) problems on municipality owed enterprises, 5) improvements of village autonomy and living environments, 6) problems on sustainable farmland use. He also discussed the development strategy such as a) reinforcement of village committees, b) establishment of support center for municipality - owned enterprises at county level and c) reform of agricultural extension services for restructuring of farm - household organizations.
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-Case study of hokkaido-
Masao Yazawa, Takeshi Kawanari, Yuu Shimura
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
157-162
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Changes of arable lands area from 1980 to 1995 in each municipality of Hokkaido were studied by relating the Classification Agriculture Area in Japan with the types of main arable lands form (paddy fields, ordinary upland fields and grassland fields). Municipalities with paddy fields showed a decreasing tendency of arable lands area, and the decrease was especially large in urban area and mountainous farming area. Municipal area of arable lands and the average size of arable lands per farm household were small in muicipalities with large decrease of arable lands, except for urban area.
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-A Case Study of Mishima Town in Santo Dictrict, Niigata Prefecture-
Satoshi SEKINO, Yohei SATO, Masaya ISHIKAWA, Katsuji SHIMOKOUJI, Shizu ...
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
163-168
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This paper concerns the surficial integration of the farmland by right to use setting in the land consolidation. The success example of the surficial integration of right to use was investigated, and the success factor was investigated from ground, drawing of the replotting and hearing investigation. The reason why the surficial integration of right to use succeeded in this region is unified in the consciousness that the whole colony should change the agricultural business of large scale, and it is because the organization which adjusts right to use setting of colony agricultural joint council functioned.
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-The case of Shimodaira Land Improvement District-
Katsuji SHIMOKOUJI, Yohei SATO, Shizuka HSHIMOTO, Yukio YOSHIZAWA, Kat ...
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
169-174
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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One of the important objects in land replotting works is accumulation of farmlands. This paper reports the accelerating factors of land consolidation by tracing up the process of Shimodaira Land Improvement District, Nagano Prefecture, where got successful accumlation of farm lands. The accelerating factors are intensive leading by the promoters, practical planning with complate hearing and strict scheduling. Further study from the view point of change of farmland position will be done in near future by using GIS.
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Hisashi Datai, Satoshi Hoshino, Toyonobu Sato
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
175-180
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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In Japan, scale expansions in stock raising farms have rapidly progressed and environmental problems caused by mal-processing of livestock excreta have increased. Joint composting facility is thought to be one of the most effective solutions to the problems. However, such facilities do not widely spread yet. In this paper, the authors estimate influence of external factors on the joint composting facility quantitatively by applying a causal model. The study area is Okayama prefecture. Furthermore, based on the results, we discuss some policy implications to spread the joint composting facilities.
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Toshiyasu Iwata, Masami Okamoto
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
181-186
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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A Land Improvement District (LID) has been praised by the World Bank as one of the successful organizations of “Participatory Irrigation Manegement”. Here some typical layout of institution and structures of irrigation schemes is derived from a few large-scale LIDs. Our findings are: 1) The canals of different orders have the respective organizations for operation, maintenance and management of irrigation facilities from the primary canal down to the quarternaly canala. 2) The elementary organization is “mura”, one of whose functions is participatory irregation manegement. 3) “Mura” comprises many formal and / or informal organizations against social and administrative needs, such as a village association, a local group of farmers of Agricultural Cooperatives, as well as an informal local irrigation association, and so on.
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Mayuko KITAGUCHI, Junichi HIROTA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
187-192
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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We analyzied how agriculture and countrysaide have been described since post Wprld War II in social subjects textbooks of primary school. The results are as follows: 1) The shre of pages on agriculture and countryside has been consatantly around 20%, higher than that of indeustry and cities except around 1970 (the period of rapid encominc growth). It shows that agriculture and countryside have been thought as important. 2) Some topics, such as “geography and agriculture”, have been keeping constant share every times, while the others have been considerably changed; About 30 years ago modernization of agriculture and improvement of farmer's lofe were one of the most important topics, while in the present, environment at agriculture, revitalization of countryside and rccreation in the countryside appeare as new topics.
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Akinobu MURAKAMI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
193-198
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Kazumi Iinuma, who played an important role in the development of town planning in Japan, regarded the garden city theory as the bible of town planning. However, his vision on garden city was different from Howard's garden city theory in some points. When compared Howard's theory with the vision of Iinuma on garden city, the following findings were obtained. While there were close resemblance between Iinuma's vision and the vision generally seen in Western town planning theory of those days, Iinuma uniquely related garden city theory to national planning and possitioned garden city from broader point of view without influences of western town planning theory.
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Yukio Taguchi, Mamoru Okabe
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
199-204
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The perpose of this study is to review the procedures and progress of rural agricultural promotion based on Tozo Suzuki's throries during modern Japanese capitalism. His throries were implemented in Nagasaki village, Iwate prefecture, in northern Honshu.
The report summarize; 1) the lization of rural area agriculture during modern japanese capitalism; 2) the biography of Tozo Suzuki, a civil sarvant, author (Rural Agriculture Ecinomy-Ideal and Reality), and entrepreneur who established and promoted a rural co-op which produced related agricultural products during the non-harvest season; 3) and analysis of his theories to understand the plan its problems.
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-A steo toward the creation of water environment in rural region-
Daisuke FURUKAWA, Masaya ISHIKAWA, Yohei SATO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
205-210
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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In the rural arca, the effective water quality purification which is measured by the nutritive salts such as the nitrogen / phosphor is a use of the reed plant wctland. A purpose of this reseach is to clarify the nutritive salt removal ability of the reed wetland, in the winter period when the plant growth falls remarkably. In this test, the artficial wastcwater contained ammoniacal nitrogen as a principal ingredient was flowed into the artificial reed wetland planter. We measured the componcent and density of flow out water. As a result, the ammoniacal nitrogen was hardly detected. Also removal speed of the total nitrogen is 2. 164 g/m
2. d and removal rate become 83.8%. It was clarified that there is sufficient nitrogen removal ability.
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Koji ITONAGA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
211-216
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This report describes the initiative and gross root challenges to create ecilogical, self-sustaining communities, with the combination of nature, agreiculture and lacal people in the rural area in U. K. and Scandinavia.
The book written by Simon Fairlic. “Low Impact Development”, deals with the planning and building theory to create the alternative communities with nature and local societies and economies. We can see thses new activities in the rural area in U. K. by the permacultural design concept. There are new cooperative housing movements, which are called Co-bonsing in Denmark and Sweden in Scandinavia. In Scandinavia we can see some ecological villages, which aim to create alternative and self-sustaining and ecological settlements by grass root people, who want change modern life style toward more environmental and sustainable style. In Japan we need to develop alternative planning method to build new ecological villages in the rural area.
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-Study on an evalution system for the sustainability of agriculture (1) -
Acharya Gay Raj, Kazunari Fukumura, Masahiko Tomita
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
217-222
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: November 29, 2011
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Kenji URAGAMI, Koji ITONAGA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
223-228
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This report analyzes the lifestyle and housing space structure of farmers in the mid moutain area in Japan from the view of Pernmaculture design concept, which is ecological and sustainable design method made by Bill Mollis on in Australia, containing the follwing concepts; relative location, each element performs many functions, each imprtant function is supported by many elements, efficient energy planning, using biological resourdes, energy cycling, small-scale intensive system, accelerating succession and evolution, diversity, edge effects. After analyzing some typical housing lots in two villages, we can say that some lifestyles and systems have been designed by same concepts. It is possible to reconstruct these traditional villages toward alternative and ecological vellages by confusing the Pernmaculture concepts and traditional wisdom.
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Tomijiro KUBOTA, Hisashi KOBAYASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
229-234
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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In order to clarify the agricultural activities on the characteristics of material flow in rural area, nitrogen flow and runoff model is developed taking cropping types and their spatial distribution patterns into consideration. Based on the examination results of spatial distribution paterns of the cropping types using seasonal remote-sensing date, the nitrogen flow and runoff model is simulated. The calcuated annual nitrogen runoff from small catchment where various crops are cultivated, is varied from 2.7kg·ha
-1·yr
-1 to 108kg·ha
-1·yr
-1. Thus, it is suggested that spatial distribution patterns of nutrients input and intake through agricultural activities should be considered to analyze material flows in rural area for watershed environmental control and regional agricultural management.
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Susumu YAMADA, Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI, Yoshiko KITAGAWA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
235-240
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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Succession and the number of species were investigated in wet, abandoned paddies, undergoing various treatments (mowing once or twice a year, plowing, and surface soil padding) in the Tama Hills (western Tokyo).
Phragmites acstralis was dominant before such management was performed in these paddies. In plowed plots, most of the
P. australis disappeared. In padded plots, in addition to
P. australis, other dominant species such as
Isachne globosa and
Polygonum thunbergii also disappeared, and erect stem paddy-weeds became dominant. In mowed plots, the density of
P. australis gradually decreased with increasing mowing frequency, and prostrated or rhizome paddy-weeds increased. The number of species in the plots mowed once was sometimes higher than that in the plots mowed twice.
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Kei Shimizu, Jun Nemoto, Takehiko Katsuno, Kenichiro Fujisaki
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
241-246
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The habitats of
Bletilla striata, which is a vulnerable species, were found on some artificial vertical cut slopes surrounding paddy fields at Mobara city and neighboring towns in China prefecture. Growing conditions and environmental factors of these habitats were studied. Leaf siza and number of flowers differ among populations. At some places, they depressed by shade of trees above the slopes and other competing plant species. In addition to keep these slopes without land development, annual cutting of trees and weeds at adequate season is necessary to conserve
Bletilla striata community.
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Hisashi KOBAYASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
247-252
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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For the purpose of applying Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to the rural planning, life cycle energy consumption and carbon balance on agricultural activities in an irrigation area are examined as a preliminary case study. The life cycle energies of crop and livestock framings are estimated at 56.6TJ/yr (27Gj·yr
-1/ha) and 44.4Tj/yr respectively. Carbon balance through the agricultural activities in the area is also calculated as 4, 478t-C/yr of C-emission and C-import, 1, 750t-C/yr of C-recycling and 3, 348t-C/yr of C-production. The overall C-balance of agricultural activities in the area is estimated at 1, 040t-C/yr of release. The results suggest that a study on lifecycle C-balance might be useful to evaluate the eco-efficiency of the agricultural activities in rural area.
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-The case study at the Carbón-Chinipampa village in the Sierra region. -
Kyosuke Kobayashi, Mamoru Okabe
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
253-258
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This study analyzes the change of the structure and the occurrence of the surplus labor force at the agricultural village through the break of latifundio at the cantral Andes highland region in Ecuador. The data from the field survey by the reporter at the Carbon area in Carbón-Chinipampa village in Bolivar province were used for the analysis. The final chapter of this paper indicates that the subdivision of the farmland and the penetration of the monetary economy cause the agricultural surplus labor force in this agricultural village.
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-A case of Oe-Town in Yamagata Prefecture-
Natsuki SHIMIZU, Yohei SATO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
259-264
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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This reseach presented the effect of the public support and necessary condition for the sustainable management of agricultural and rural infrastrucgture by surveyed in a typical moutainous town (Oe-town in Yamagata Prefecture). The constitution elements of agricultural and rural infrastructure divide into natural resources, social and physical infrastructures. The constitution elements of agricultural and rural infrastructure divide into natural resources, social and physical infrastructures. The elements that are lacking are the junior high school, high school and hospital in the spatial extent to the selection included a few community O-aza and old village in the survey area. Also, it was cleared that the social infrastructure is able to become the base that bring about a new production element or production activity without disappearing even at the time of the decline of agriculture and forestry. The success factors were the financial public support which supplement consititution ellement like the physical infrastructure and the existing condition of the socia; infrastructure.
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Yoshio FUJII
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
265-270
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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At present, hte significance of the hilled rural area is recoganized from the viewpoint of the function of preservation of the environment. In this paper, the classification of settlement in the hilled rural area was investigated among 22 settlements in Iwate, Kohchi, Miyazaki, and Shimane Prefectures in terms of the agricultural regional characteristic, consciousness of residents about an atmosphere and living environment of settlement. The dependency of the classification of settlement in terms of an atmosphere and living environment of settlement on that in terms of the agricultural regional characterisitic was evaluated.
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Emi SAKI, Tsuyoshi TAKAHASHI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
271-276
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the relation betweem the production adjustment of rice and the characteristics of local agriculture, and to present effective methods to use the farmland appropriately after that. In this paper, Cluster analysis was carried out according to the percentage of each item in total area of the production adjustment and as aresult 44 municipalities of Kyoto Prefecture were classified into five patterns. The agricultural characteristics of each pattern were analyzed and the relevancy was found between the percentage of each item and (1) the rate of paddy field and (2) the farming scale.
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-A Case Study of Oguni Town in Niigata Prefecture-
Hiroyuki HONJO, Nobuo MITSUHASHI, Nobuyoshi FUJIMOTO
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
277-282
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The purpose of this study is to clarify the local governments' policy of developing exchange activities with city in moutainous rural areas. Oguni Town, Niigata Prefecture, was chosen for investigation where hearing the government's staffs and questionnaire concerning exchange activities to residents were put into practice. The conclusion could be summarized as follows; 1) activities aimed at unspecified urban residents and those aimed at the specified must be closely related; 2) elaborated countermeasure through community participatory planning debate in each settlement is required for sustainable exchange activities.
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-In case of residents of Sendai-city and farmers of johoji-town and hanaizumi-town-
Masako SARUISHI, Hiroyuki FUJISAKI
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
283-288
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The purpose of this paper is to survey the attitude to the accommodation on the farm among residents of Sendai-city, farmers of Johoji-town and Hanaizumi-town.
As the result, there is possibility that the accommodation on the farm is established in Japan. But the various support systems for farmers who want to open the accommodation are required. And some seggestions about how to manage the accommodation on the farm were got.
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-Case of Shikaoi town and Shintoku town-
Tetsuya TAKADA, Yohei SATO, Masaya ISHIKAWA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
289-294
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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The purpose of this study is the better suggetion for the farm inn management. The farm inn management hindrance was grasped by the interview investigation to the manager, and the requirement for the user was grasped by the questionnairing to the lodger in the form of the satisfaction. Unimprovement of relades law and regulation, transportation expenses, unimprovement of information source were raised as a hindrance. The value in which landscape and building and facilities were high on the satisfaction was shown. And result of the multiple regression analysis, at the satisfaction of the whole travel, it was confirmed that the satisfaction of the landscape gave the effect most.
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-CASE STUDY OF YUDA TOWN IN IWATE PREFECTURE-
Yutaka TANAKA, Tatsuya BESSHO, Jun-ichi HIROTA
2000 Volume 19 Issue 19-suppl Pages
295-300
Published: December 08, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 13, 2011
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We analyze in this paper how the human network in a local community has been developed through the green tourism movement in the case of Yuda town in Iwate prefecture. We investigated who and how have been involved in the green tourism process by interviews and questionnaries to the related people. The findings are as follows; 1) The green tourism was managed by the Cooperatives and the local government in the carly stagr, but has turned to become locals people managing systems. 2) The green tourism movement has created and strengthen human networks within the local community. 3) Good initiatives of the local government was one of the most important factors to produce good results.
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