The role of social capital in community collective action and public work participation was investigated featuring the land consolidation project in semiarid area, Arak District, Markazi Province, Iran. An intensive farm household survey was conducted to identify and measure the level of social capitals and their impacts on participation rate in collective action and land consolidation project. Logit regression analysis was applied to 177 household samples. Neither human capital (educational level) nor physical capital (land holding size) did not influence community activities participation. While physical capital has negative impact on land consolidation participation. It appears that the larger farmers, who already expanded their farm size through spontaneous land exchange with neighbor farmers, had little incentive to participate in land consolidation. Cognitive bonding social capital, measured by the degree of trust in community members, was significantly positive to participate in community collective actions, while not in land consolidation. Cognitive linking social capital, measured by the degree of farmers' trust in local government extension officer, was significantly positive on participation in land consolidation but not for community activities. Solidarity of community members was not significant for both cases. It is suggested that the trustful relationship between the individual local community members and government official is important to promote public works which require contribution from the beneficiaries.

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The present study suggests interrelationship between incentive or actual utility performances of contributions of member involved in the community activation and the member's successive participation. Advantages and subjects of characteristics of 3 organizations: voluntary, ground relation, and productivity, were also discussed. The outline of the results are as follows;
1) The organization based on ground relation can gather members easily, and the followers are cooperative all the more for the community of living or activity. In the productive organization, the constant contributions of the follows are able to expect, and the allocation of profits is important factor for successive participation. However, as for the followers of organization based on ground relation, the problem is that they does not understand the purpose of the activity sufficiently.
2) In the organization of voluntary association, the actual utility performances of member's contributions are important factors related to the successive participation. The question arises: leaders are easy to fall into the low utility performances of high contributions according to the activity years. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the activity identity and the self control of activity environment. There is one other thing that is important for maintenance and development of the organization: the actual utility performances of member's contributions bring about good social evaluation accompanied with economic efficiency.

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