This paper aims to clarify the historical changes of settlement space of northeast China, and the influence of native ideology on the structure of settlement space. We tried field survey on 3 settlements in Qian gang xiang, Nang an xian, Chang chun di qu, ii lin sheng.
The history of the settlement is very short, only 200 years. Before the location of the settlement, the land of this area was used by nomads.
The history of the settlement has experienced five main periods as follows;
1) Early age of settlement, from 1800 to 1912
2) Middle age of settlement, from 1912 to 1930
3) Before foundation of new China, from 1930 to 1949
4) Early age of foundation-Great progress-Before liberation, from 1949 to 1978
5) Age of liberation, from 1978 to now
From analysing above, we found that the history of the settlement had been influenced by polytical power, and the structure of the settlement space had also been influenced by polytical ideology.
The native ideology of Fengshui and Confucianism had remained very long time in the mind of peasants, and had strongly influenced to the structure of the settlement space, especially to the location of the settlement, plantation around the graveyard, celebration for the repose of souls, and the layout of houses and other facilities.

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We select depopulated municipality of SHIMANE prefecture in which population especially decrease as a subject of investigation and perceive various condition of population dynamics by making agricultural villages which is minimum regional society of a unit for analysis.
In this study, we realize the structure of distribution of the village types by population dynamics that were got. Then we pay attention to the term of convenience, central convenient function level, that have relevant especially to the types, and we replace it with relation between each village and the key sattlement. By that we realize the distribution of the village types by population dynamics.
Conclusions are as follows:
1. We investigate distribution of village types by population dynamics from the point of view which is distance or difference of height between villages and key settlement. Consequently it become clear that distribution of the types is can be grasped the structure of core which have the center of key settlement in a unit of old villages, and accumulation of convenient function in key settlement make stably all area of old village.
2. We couldn't get direct correspondence between population and condition of agriculture. However we check up them again using land location of distance and deference of height between each village and the key settlement. As a result the qualification that prescribe population types is different in each condition of agriculture. And ordinary prerequisites of stable type depend on location of relation with key settlement but the stable type of middle or small scale can exist on the places where are far from key settlement. Then prerequisite is preparedness of basic condition of agriculture.
Dispersing of central convenient functions in micro scale by that in area of old village where we maintain the key settlements is necessary for stabilizing population.

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Recently abandonment of cultivation increases in suburban area. There are many approaches to investigate the factors of abandonment of cultivation. Adopting a questionnaire survey, the purpose of this paper is to make clear the factors of abandonment of cultivation by the condition of farm household. Study areas are Ageo city and Hatoyama town in Saitama prefecture. Mail service was used for the questionnaire survey.
The feature of farm household with abandoned cultivated land made clear. The agricultural labor force is scarce and aged. And the livelihood is depending on off-farm income.
One main factor of abandonment of cultivation is deficiency of agricultural labor force. Because labor force of farm household is inclined to non-agricultural sectors. Another main factor of cultivation abandonment in Hatoyama town is the deficit of agricultural infrastructure improvement. Because topographic condition of Hatoyama town is the same as undulated and mountain region.
And one important factor is the zoning, i. e. the non-cultivated land should not be converted to non-agricultural land.
So the non-cultivated land left as abandoned agricultural land.

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Many APEC Asian economies are decreasing their grain self sufficiencies and increasing their dependencies on the world grain market. But, a basic trend in the world grain market has changed to a tighter market situation since the middle of the 1990s. With declining US government grain stocks, we can't expect the US to play the single major role in stabilizing the world grain market as it did before. With increasing global air temperature, grain yield variabilities in major exporting countries, such as US and Australia, are increasing. These recent trends are predicted to cause the world grain market to become more unstable. Under these conditions, we should realize a sustainable rural development in both exporting and importing countries in the APEC area through conserving and reallocating rural resources from a perspective of world food security.

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