Eventuality is continuous in the restoration work following large-scale earthquake disasters. While the government officials in charge of the restoration work are in a difficult situation, both they and response workers create practical measures and ingenuity, awareness, and lessons learned to solve problems at hand. The authors refer to such wisdom acquired through practical experience as on-site knowledge. Such knowledge tends to be limited to individuals and even small circles of groups, but if it is widely shared among engineers, its effect upon problem-solving potential at disaster restoration sites is great. At present, most on-site knowledge is consumed in a small area and is tends to be forgotten without being recorded. However, since large-scale disasters are highly unique and rare, and because the same conditions are poorly reproducible, active and conscious recording of on-site knowledge is indispensable for appropriate and effective recovery efforts following future disasters. The purpose of this paper is to establish a basic understanding that will lead to the accumulation of on-site knowledge for future use, based on the experience of recording on-site knowledge in the department of agricultural and rural development during disaster restoration following the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011. For this reason, the authors define on-site knowledge by discussing its characteristics and clarifying its utility in disaster response. In addition, we will present the matters that should be considered in terms of description format and quality control in on-site knowledge documentation. We then propose a method of continuous systematic collection and management.

This study aims to illustrate the potential of Social Impact Bonds (SIB)—a strategy in which private investors fund implementation and receive a return on investment from a government payer—using public transportation as an example. SIB was introduced in two Japanese cities, Kobe and Hachioji. In both places, a survey was conducted by the Social Impact Investment Foundation, which was involved in the formation of SIB as an intermediate support organization.

Based on the survey, it was inferred that the introduction of SIB in the public transport sector is necessary for the following reasons: feasibility of SIB, expansion potential of the SIB market, and high relevance of SIB to the administration. It was found that the intermediate support organization mainly helped in the formation and introduction of SIB. It was also understood that administrative support is necessary at an unprecedented stage of introduction.

Consequently, evaluation indicators and reduction targets were set for each target project, and a scheme was proposed for community-based transport services.

The purpose of the present study is to research Hardebek, formerly a nationally owned remount depot of the state of Prussia, to elucidate, from the composition of the settlers, the process and characteristics about construction of the Settlement under the internal colonization policy of Germany during the Weimar Republic. Previous studies that analysed the social structure of German agricultural villages or agricultural policies focused on the roles—as well as the meanings of the roles—played by internal colonization policies. Therefore, little understanding exists on the actual process of colony construction that led to the establishment of farms, which was the outcome of the internal colonization policy. By analysing newly discovers documents in archives and from fieldwork carried out by the author, the present paper finds that refugees and non-refugees were distributed unevenly and that refugees gathered together according to the area of their original expulsion.