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Volume 19, Issue 1
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Hisateru MITSUDA1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 1-13
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreparation of protein isolates from the cells of Chlorella, Torula yeasts, and hydrocarbon-assimilating microorganisms is described. Simple pretreatment of the cells with alkali, acid, or some organic solvents enhanced the protein extraction efficiency and made the following purification procedures easier. Bleached cells of Chlorella obtained by growing the algae in a culture medium with high C/N ratio at high temperature were found to release protein more easily than do the normal cells. Structural changes in the cell wall region detected under the electron microscope may be responsible for this. The extracted protein was further purified. Amino acid composition of the protein isolates was determined, and their nutritional values were calculated. Among the essential amino acids the sulfur-containing amino acids were found to be the first limiting amino acid. Supplementing the isolate with methionine resulted in a significant increase in its nutritional value (PER) which became comparable to those of egg albumin and milk casein. The digestibility of the protein isolate from the cells of a hydro-carbon-assimilating yeast, tested in vitro with pepsin, was as high as 80% of that of the reference protein, milk casein, whereas that of the dried cells of the yeast was less than 50%. Viscosity was measured in regard to possible processed forms of the protein isolates. A few methods for disposing of the extraction residues were tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (2224K) -
Yoshinori ITOKAWA, Sukenari SASAGAWA, Motonori FUJIWARA1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix different synthetic diets were given to wistar rats for four weeks Group 1, thiamine and magnesium deficient; group 2, thiamine deficient, magnesium sufficient; group 3, thiamine adequate, magnesium deficient; group 4, thiamine adequate, magnesium sufficient; group 5, thiamine ex-cess, magnesium deficient; group 6, thiamine excess, magnesium sufficient. Triglyceride, cholesterol, and total lipid levels in the livers of group 3 and 5 rats increased significantly. These values decreased in groups 1 and 2. Incorporation of 14C-acetate to liver lipid or cholesterol fractions increased in magnesium deficient groups (groups 3 and 5) rather than in the magnesium containing groups (groups 4 and 6). This increase was most prominent in the thiamine and magnesium deficient (group 1) and thiamine deficient magnesium sufficient groups (group 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Takaaki FUJII, Hiroshi SHIMIZU1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigations were carried out on serum lipid components and serum vitamin E in 54 cases of iron deficiency anemia during adolescence, with the following results: Serum levels of total lipids, free fatty acids, and phospholipids in cases of iron deficiency anemia were not different from those of the controls. Although the average value of serum total cholesterol levels in the cases of iron deficiency anemia was not different from that of the controls, the percentage of subjects who showed low serum total cholesterol levels was greater in cases of iron deficiency anemia than in controls. The average values of serum triglyceride, serum beta-lipoprotein, or serum vitamin E were significantly lower than those of the controls, and the percentage of subjects who showed low serum levels of triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein, or vitamin E was greater in cases of iron deficiency anemia than in the controls. No significant correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and total cholesterol. However, a moderate correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and triglyceride, and a direct correlation was noted between serum levels of vitamin E and beta-lipoprotein.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Hisateru MITSUDA, Yuzuru SUZUKI, Kenji NAKAJIMA1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 29-42
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluctuation of the nucleotide pools in a flavinogenic and a nonflavino-genic strains of Eremothecium ashbyii was followed by using column chromatography with an anion exchanger, and effects of purine bases on the pools were tested throughout the growth cycle.
1) Contents of the nucleotides in the flavinogenic strain were detected to be maximum at 1 day culture prior to the growth maximum (2 days culture), while in the nonflavinogenic strain the largest pools were ob-served after 4 days culture, corresponded to the growth maximum. After 1 day cultivation the pools in the former strain shrank rapidly with the culture time: this was remarkable for ATP pool.
2) It was found in the flavinogenic fungus that GMP pool decreased more slowly than AMP pool at the exponential stage of riboflavin for-mation.
3) Addition of purine bases into the culture media resulted in expantion of ATP pool and simultaneous shrink of AMP pool in the flavinogenic strain, although sum of the contents of adenosine nucleotides remained almost constant. However, such phenomenon was not observed in the nonflavinogenic strain.
4) Growth maximum of the nonflavinogenic fungus was obtained at 4 days culture, but riboflavin was synthesized with the maximum yield after 7 days cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1453K) -
D. S. MURDOCK, C. J. GUBLER1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 43-54
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA reliable and convenient method for the fluorometric determination of free thiamine, the di- and triphosphate esters of thiamine (TDP+TTP), hydroxyethylthiamine (HET) and pyrithiamine (PTH) in individual rat brain tissue is presented. The thiamine phosphate esters, as well as HET and PTH, were extracted from the tissue by homogenizing the rat brain in cold 0.3 M HClO4. The di- plus triphosphate esters of thiamine were isolated by passing an appropriate aliquot of the extract through a small column of Amberlite CG-50, a weak cation exchange resin. The samples were then dephosphorylated, placed on a Decalso column and eluted with hot 20% KCl in 0.1 N HCl.
Modifications of other methods were used to fluorometrically quantitate the thiamine, HET, and PTH in the brain tissue. There was no interference of HET or PTH in the determination of thiamine since the particular method used in this paper to oxidize thiamine to thiochrome did not cause HET or PTH to be oxidized to fluorescent compounds. There was no appreciable interference of thiamine and HET in the fluorometric determination of PTH until the ratio of μg of thiamine plus HET to μg of PTH in the assay mixture was 6/1. When the above ratio increased to 24/1, the fluorescent determination of PTH was 10% high. The fluorometric determination of HET in the presence of excess thiamine and PTH was 16 and 75% high when the ratio of μg of PTH/μg of HET in the assay solution was 20/1 and 83/1, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Fuminori MASUGI, Yohei NATORI, Shoichi SHIMIZU, Saburo FUKUI1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 55-70
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecific features in the binding modes of pyridoxal phosphate N-oxide (PLP N-oxide) to mitochondrial and cytoplasmic aspartate transaminases (GOTm and GOTs) and some characteristics of the resulting artificial holoenzymes were studied. For the formation of catalytically active artificial holoenzymes, at least 10 min incubation was necessary. No significant changes were observed in the Michaelis-Menten constants of the substrates for the PLP N-oxide enzymes, except for a markedly large Km of aspartate for DOTS, as compared with those for the PLP enzymes. In general, the Km values of PLP N-oxide (Kco) were identical with those of PLP for both GOTm and DOTs, whereas the Vmax values of the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by the artificial holoenzymes de-creased to about one-half of those mediated by the native holoenzymes. In the case of GOTs, however, a complicated pattern was observed in the curve of the reaction rate vs. PLP N-oxide concentration, indicating a sort of negative cooperativity. Namely, the enzyme was activated in the presence of higher concentrations of PLP N-oxide. In this case, binding of 1 mole of PLP N-oxide to a certain lysine residue at a non-catalytic site was ascertained. The pH optimum of the PLP N-oxide-bound GOTs was 7.0 in K-phosphate buffer. On the other hand, the reaction of PLP N-oxide enzyme was greatly inhibited in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5-9.0), and the PLP-enzyme showed a higher activity in this buffer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1466K) -
Hisateru MITSUDA, Fumio KAWAI, Mutsuo KUGA, Aijiro YAMAMOTO1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 71-83
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe data obtained with warburg's manometry have revealed that grains such as rice, wheat, corn, peanuts, soybeans, red beans, sesame seeds, and coffee beans and their flours can adsorb a significant amount of CO2 gas. The mechanism of CO2 adsorption phenomenon was examined. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. Solubility of CO2 gas into the moisture and lipids of the grains is assumed to have a minor effect on this adsorption phenomenon.
2. Diffusion of CO2 gas into the grain is important in this phenomenon. This adsorption phenomenon is very similar to that observed in sorp-tion of gases by charcoal and silica gel, which sorbe gases into their many pores. The CO2 sorbed by the porous tissues of the grains is considered to remain in solid solution.
3. The amount of CO2 gas adsorbed by brown rice under varying partial pressures follows the classic sorption isoterm of Freundlich.
4. Microautoradiographic experiments show that the radioactivity of 14CO2 appears to be uniformly distributed throughout the tissues of germ and cotyledon.
The adsorption phenomenon has led to the development of a new techni-que for skin-packaging, the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Method (CEM). This method and two modifications are explained. The merit and useful-ness of these techniques are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2137K) -
Kiku MURATA, Yoshiko TANAKA, Yoshie KAWAGUCHI1973 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 85-93
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of lysine or lysine and threonine as supplements to rice and wheat diets at three different protein levels (5.5, 11.0 and 15.0%) was studied in growing rats with initial body weights of 68 g in experiment I and 55 g in experiment II. The following results were obtained: At the 5.5% protein level addition of lysine alone to the wheat diet had no effect on the growth of the rats, but there was significant effect of lysine plus threonine. At the same level of protein, addition of lysine increased the growth of rats receiving the rice diet, and the effect of threonine with lysine was more significant. At the 15% protein level, addition of lysine had a significant effect on the growth of rats receiving both rice and wheat diets, but no effect of threonine with the wheat+lysine or rice+lysine diet was observed. With 11% protein level, addition of threonine to the lysine-supplemented rice diet had little effect on the growth of rats, whereas it caused a marked improvement in the growth of rats on the wheat diet. It was also observed that the body weight gain or changes in body water correlated well with the lysine intake of rats receiving nonsupplemented as well as those with supplemented rice and wheat diets.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K)
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