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Volume 45 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 675-
- Issue 5 Pages 509-
- Issue 4 Pages 393-
- Issue 3 Pages 239-
- Issue 2 Pages 153-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 45, Issue 4
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masaharu TERASHIMA, Chikako YAMAMORI, Mikako TSUCHIYA, Makoto SHIMOYAM ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 393-400
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe obtained evidence that tubulin and actin, two major cytoskeletal proteins, are preferentially ADP-ribosylated in the bovine brain cytosol by NAD-arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase purified from chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes. ADP-ribosylation of tubulin al-most completely blocked self assembly of the protein. The stoichiometry of ADP-ribose incorporation into unassembled and assembled tubulin was b and 2 mol/mol of tubulin, respectively. These findings suggest that sites of ADP-ribosylation in the unassembled tubulin molecule are crucial for tubulin assembly, and that covalently attached ADP-ribose moieties interfere with tubulin interaction by steric hindrance or conformational change. Thus, ADP-ribosylation may be involved in cytoskeletal organi-zation in the brain via the modification of tubulin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
Masashige SUZUKI, Tatsuya DOI, Sang Jik LEE, Koji OKAMURA, Seiichi SHI ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 401-409
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the effect of meal timing after exercise on body composition, 20 male rats were assigned to either a group fed a meal right after exercise (R) or a group fed a meal 4 h after exercise (L). Resistance exercise (squatting) was conducted from 6:00 to 7:00, 3 d/wk for 10 wk. Meals were consumed from 7:00 to 8:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00 for R, and from 11:00 to 12:00 and from 19:00 to 20:00 for L. The room was lighted from 7:00 to 19:00. After 10 wk, the body weight was comparable between the groups. The hindlimb muscle weight was higher in R than in L by 6% (p<0.05), whereas the sum of the weight of perirenal, epididymal, and mesenteric adipose tissues was lower in R than in L by 24% (p<0.01). The soleus lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was higher in R than in L by 70% (p<0.01), and the activity negatively correlated with the adipose tissue weight (r=-0.49, p<0.05). These results suggest the possibility that ingesting a meal right after resistance exercise may contribute to an increase in the muscle mass and to a decrease in the adipose tissue compared to ingesting a meal several hours later.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
Hiroko YOSHIDA, Miwa MAWATARI, Ikuo IKEDA, Katsumi IMAIZUMI, Akira SET ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 411-421
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were distributed mainly in the sn-1 and 3 positions of seal oil triacylglycerol and in the sn-2 position of fish oil triacylglycerol. Seal oil or fish oil-rich fats having constant polyunsaturated/monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids and n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios were fed to rats for 3 wk. Control rats were fed on a fat containing linoleic acid as the sole PUFA. Seal oil more effectively lowered serum and liver triacylglycerol concentrations than fish oil. The activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and hepatic triacylglycerol lipase (HTGL) were significantly lower in the seal oil group than in the control group, whereas the activity of HTGL was significantly lower and the hepatic peroxisomal β-oxidation and activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue were significantly higher in the fish oil group than in the control group. These observations suggest that the predominant hypotriacylglycerolemic effect of seal oil is caused by the suppression of fatty acid synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1307K) -
Akifumi MIZUTANI, Norihiro TSUKAGOSHI1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 423-435
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAscorbate-enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-activated macrophage J774.1 cells through the inductble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway. The iNOS gene was synergistically induced by LPS and IFN-γ. The inductive mechanism of ascorbate on the iNOS gene was studied by examining the degradation of IKBa by Western blotting, activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) by gel shift assays, and protein levels of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in LPS- and IFN-γ-activated cells. Ascorbate had no effect on the onset of either IκBα degradation or the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, but it delayed the recovery of IκBα. The prolonged degradation of IκBα caused by ascorbate in LPS- and IFN-γ-activated cells paralleled elevated NF-κB binding to DNA, which led to an increase in the iNOS protein level. Ascorbate alone did not induce IκBα degradation or NF-κB activation. Furthermore, ascorbate exerted no effect on the expression of IκBα and ubiquitin genes in the activated cells. Ascorbate could modulate NF-κB DNA binding activity in response to combined LPS and IFN-y activation, which increases NO production in activated macrophages.View full abstractDownload PDF (2795K) -
Nobuhiro FUKUDA, Lei ZHANG, Masaki KODAMA, Masanobu SAKONO, Takashi ID ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 437-448
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate the relative significance of exogenous and endogenous fatty acid substrates in decreasing hepatic triacylglycerol secretion after sesamin feeding, livers from rats fed diets supplemented with and without sesamin (sesamin: episesamin, 1:1, w/w) were perfused in the presence and absence of an exogenous di-trans isomer of linoleic acid (linolelaidic acid, trans, traps-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid). Both exogenous trans fatty acid and dietary sesamin, as compared with respective controls, resulted in a marked increase in hepatic ketogenesis; however, the β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate ratio was elevated by exogenous fatty acid and decreased by dietary sesamin. On the other hand, hepatic secretions of triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol were markedly lowered in rats fed sesamin, especially when exogenous fatty acid substrate was provided. The relative significance of the exogenous fatty acid was observed in the dietary sesamin-induced decrease in hepatic secretion of triacylglycerol. These results suggest that increased fatty acid oxidation by dietary sesamin, as reflected by enhanced ketone body production, leads to decreased partition of fatty acid substrates to the esterification pathways, and this in turn reduces the synthesis and secretion of triacyl-glycerol. The altered metabolism of exogenous fatty acids in the liver was therefore a major determinant for the synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol.View full abstractDownload PDF (1586K) -
Sue-Joan CHANG1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 449-458
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 15, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the adequacy of maternal pyridoxine supple-mentation during pregnancy for both maternal and neonatal status at birth, vitamin B6 status, assessed by plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL) and total aldehyde vitamer (PLP+PL) concentrations, and the growth of neonates, including weight, length, head and chest circumferences, were examined for 209 neonates whose mothers were supplemented with 0, 1, 2 or 3mg pyridoxine⋅HCl (PN⋅HCl)/d during pregnancy. Maternal PN⋅HCl supplementations were positively correlat-ed to both maternal (r=0.62) and cord (r=0.78) plasma PLP concentrations (p<0.0001). Mothers supplemented with 2 or 3mg/d PN⋅HCl had significantly higher plasma concentrations of PLP and total B6 aldehyde vitamer in maternal and cord blood compared with those receiving 0 or 1 mg PN⋅HCl/d. A growth benefit for neonates whose mothers had maternal and cord plasma PLP concentrations≥40nM was revealed by the maternal supplementation of 2mg PN⋅HCl/d during pregnancy. Thus, in healthy pregnant women, according to our study, a daily supplement of 2 mg PN⋅HCl provides the adequacy of maternal and neonatal vitamin B6 status and the satisfactory growth of neonates at birth.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Yukari EGASHIRA, Ayano ISAGAWA, Tomoko KOMINE, Etsuko YAMADA, Takeo OH ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 459-469
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats with liver cirrhosis. The rats were injected with CCl4 (0.5 or 1mL of 50% olive oil solution/kg body weight) twice a week for 1 or 2 mo and given phenobarbital water simultaneously. The urinary excretions of nicotinamide (Nam) and its metabolites were assayed. As the result, the urinary excretion of Nam, N1-methyl-4-pyridone-3-carboxamide (4-Py), Nam+N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA)+N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-Py)+4-Py was lower in the CCl4-treated groups than in the non-treated group (control) regardless of the experimental period (1 mo and 2 mo) or dosing amount of CCl4 (0.5 and 1mL), Moreover, we investigated which pathway of tryptophan-niacin metabolism was affected in CCl4-treated rat. As the result, the possibility that the MNA→+4-Py reaction is inhibited by CCl4 treatment was suggested in this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1179K) -
Sue-Joan CHANG, Han-Ju CHUANG, Hong-Hwa CHEN1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 471-479
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) is the a-subunit of the platelet membrane receptor GPIIb/IIIa, which plays a major role in platelet aggregation. Vitamin B6 has been reported to be an antiaggregative agent, although its mechanism is not well known. To understand the molecular mechanism of vitamin B6 on antiaggregation, we analyzed the effects of various forms of vitamin B6 on the expression of human GPIIb promoter using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) as the reporter gene. The GPIIb promoter region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned into pBLCAT3 to drive the CAT reporter gene and transfect-ed into human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Transient expression of the GPIIb promoter was determined after transfected cells were treated with 1μM pyridoxine (PN), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP), or 4-deoxypyridoxine (4-dex) for 48 h. Our results show that the GPIIb promoter activity was down-regulated to 54, 35 and 63% in the presence of PN, PL and PLP, respectively, as compared to an untreated control whose promoter activity was 100%. However, no adverse effect on GPIIb promoter was detected by 4-dex, which is an antagonist of vitamin B6. The down-regulation effect of vitamin B6 on GPIIb promoter activity may lead to a reduction of GPIIb protein expression and thus be detrimental to platelet aggregation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1623K) -
Miho KOIE, Miyuki TANAKA, Kazutoshi HAYASE, Akira YOSHIDA, Hidehiko YO ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 481-489
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the quality of dietary protein affects the rate of brain protein synthesis in aged rats. Experiments were conducted on three groups of aged rats (30 wk) given diets containing 20g casein, 20g gluten or 20g gelatin/100g for 10d. The fractional rates of protein synthesis in the brain, liver and kidney declined with the decrease in quality of dietary protein. In the brain, liver and kidney, the RNA activity [g protein synthesized/(g RNA . d)] correlated significantly with the fractional rate of protein synthesis. The RNA concentration (mg RNA/g protein) was not related to the fractional rate of protein synthesis in any organ. The results suggest that the rate of protein synthesis in the brain declines with the de-crease in quality of dietary protein consumed by aged rats, and that RNA activity is at least partly related to the fractional rate of brain protein synthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1072K) -
Kyoko TAKAHASHI, Miwa HORIGUHI, Noriko BANDO, Hideaki TSUJI, Tadashi O ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 491-500
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ovomucoid of Japanese quail egg white is known as a proteinase inhibitor or protein component responsible for egg allergy. In order to characterize the antigenic properties of ovomucoid in relation to its molecular structure, we have prepared two monoclonal antibodies, E9 (IgG1) and E11 (IgG1), recognizing distinct epitopes from each other. These monoclonal antibodies bound to the SDS/mercaptoethanol-treated ovomucoid, but not to the reductively carboxymethylated and pyridyl-ethylated ovomucoid. By immunoblotting analysis of the peptic digests of ovomucoid, it was shown that E9 bound to the fragment consisting of two domains, I and II, of the ovomucoid, and that E11 reacted with the fragment containing domain III. These results indicate that the antigenic activity depends on the conformational structure of domains tightly folded by disulfide linkages. Ovomucoids from hen and duck were also recognized by both the antibodies, although having less affinity compared to the one from Japanese quail. These antibodies proved to be effective in establishing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for quantitative analysis of quail ovomucoid.View full abstractDownload PDF (2135K) -
Toshitsugu KAWATA, Joseph H. ZERNIK, Tadashl FUJITA, Chiyoko TOKIMASA, ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 501-507
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOsteoclast deficiency in op/op mice was cured by a single injection of 5μg recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). On d 5, the osteoclast number reached a maximum value. By d 15, the osteoclast number had decreased to about 70% of the maximum level. Moreover, by d 20, the osteoclast number had decreased to about 30% of its maximum level. On d 5, the osteoclast number of vitamin K2 12h previously had decreased to about 30% of the M-CSF-only injected mice. Moreover, on d 5, the osteoclast number of the mice receiving a single injection of vitamin K2 24 h previously had decreased to about 15% that of mice injected only with M-CSF. These results indicate that vitamin K2 inhibits in vivo osteoclast formation. On d 20, the osteoclast number of the mice injected with a single dose of vitamin K2 12 or 24 h previously had decreased to 0% compared with those receiving only M-CSF. The present results suggest that the vitamin K2 “causes cell death” to mature osteoclasts and inhibits in vivo osteoclast formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2524K)
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