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Volume 45 (1999)
- Issue 6 Pages 675-
- Issue 5 Pages 509-
- Issue 4 Pages 393-
- Issue 3 Pages 239-
- Issue 2 Pages 153-
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Volume 45, Issue 6
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Vandana PATHANIA, Nidhi SYAL, Chander Mohan PATHAK, Krishan Lal KHANDU ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 675-686
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOver the last decade, although investigations have suggested that vitamin E affects the immune response, not much is known about its affect on the alveolar macrophage functions. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of high vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, α-TA) supplementation for 10d on the activation state of rat alveolar macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on the basis of their ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O-2) and H2O2. LPS treatment (1 and 10μg/mL) caused 2.44 and 2.54-fold increases in O-2, and 2.1 and 2.3-fold increases in H2O2, respectively, from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the diet group fed 50mg α-TA/kg. However, this enhancement was not observed for the AMs of the diet groups fed 250 or 1, 250mg α-TA /kg. Similar results were obtained on treating the AMs with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β or TNF-α. The observed suppression in ROS release in response to various stimulants may be due to the direct and/or indirect effect of high vitamin E (250 and 1, 250mg α-TA/kg diet) supplementation. It may therefore, be concluded that high α-TA supplementation in the diet modulates the activation of AMs in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (1532K) -
Shiro MAWATARI, Kaori MURAKAMI1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 687-699
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) on membrane phos-pholipids (PLs) and tocopherols (Tots) of human erythrocyte during peroxidation by soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) were investigated. After extraction of the membrane lipids, α-tocopherol (α-Toc), γ-tocopherol (γ-Toc) and cholesterol were simultaneously measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the changes of Tocs were expressed on the basis of cholesterol. The phospholipid classes and corresponding hydroperoxides (PL-OOHS) were detected simultaneously by HPLC, and the changes were calculated on the basis of sphingomyelin. These methods are sensitive to the changes of membrane Toes and PLs by peroxidation. Control incubation without LOX and AsA was done for 45 min at 30°C. After the incubation with LOX, α- and γ-Tocs were exhausted, PLs decreased, and PL-OOHS and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Incubation with both AsA and LOX further increased MDA significantly, but it preserved about 30% of α-Toc and 45% of γ-Toc of the control levels and did not decrease PLs or PL-OOHs from the levels after the incubation with LOX. Subsequent incubation with AsA for 45 min after the incubation with LOX (after Toes were exhausted) showed a 240% increase in MDA, but it decreased PLs by only about 15% of the preincubation values and recovered γ-Toc to about 13% of the control. The subsequent incubation with AsA after the control incubation increased PLs to higher than that of the control reaction. These results show that AsA protects and regenerates the membrane Toes against enzymatic peroxidation. The results also indicate that repair of the membrane PLs is promoted in the presence of AsA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1788K) -
Peter M. TIIDUS, Eric BOMBARDIER, Nick HIDIROGLOU, Rene MADERE1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 701-710
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough gender differences in antioxidant status based largely on differing estrogen levels have been postulated, it is not known if other gender based differences in tissue antioxidants exist. This experiment examined whether gender based differences in tissue vitamin C and vitamin E concentration exist, and investigated the possibility of gender based differences in indices of tissue oxidative stress following an acute exercise bout. It was determined that female rats had significantly higher levels of vitamin E in liver and heart tissues than males and that males had significantly more vitamin C in the plantaris muscle than females. However, female rats also had less liver glutathione than males. Acute exercise resulted in significant and equal tissue oxidative stress in both genders as indicated by tissue glutathione status. With some exceptions, tissue vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations were generally unaffected by acute exercise in either gender. Hence, while some gender differences in tissue antioxidant status in rats are evident, these differences do not affect tissue indices of oxidative stress following acute exercise.View full abstractDownload PDF (1127K) -
Masahiro SANO, Hiroshi FUJITA, Ikuo MORITA, Hiroshi UEMATSU, Sei-itsu ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 711-723
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been recently reported that vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4: menatetrenone, VK2) has an anti-atherogenic effect as well as the ability to produce clotting factors and improve osteoporosis. However, the mechanism by which VK2 acts on atherosclerosis is still unclear. In this paper, we investigated the effects of vitamin K and its side chain on NO production as an anti-atherogenic substance in a cultured vascular system. Treatment of bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) with VK2 (30μM) caused a time-dependent (24-72h) increase in the nitrite (NO-2) level in the conditioned medium, but not in bovine vascular endothelial cells. Classical NOS inhibitor (L-nitro arginine) and iNOS-specific inhibitors completely blocked the increased nitrite level induced by VK2 treatment, but D-nitro arginine could not it. Immunostaining and western blotting analysis showed that VK2 induced iNOS protein in the SMC. VK2 has a naphtoquinone nucleus, which is identical in menadione (VK3), and an unsaturated side chain, which is called geranylgeraniol (GGO). To determine whether the structure of VK2 was related to an increasing nitrite level, we investigated the nitrite level in conditioned medium treated with VK3 or GGO. Neither VK3 nor GGO treatment of SMC increased the nitrite level. In addition, warfarin, an inhibitor of VK2-dependent y-carboxylation, did not affect the increased nitrite level induced by VK2 in SMC. In conclusion, VK2 caused NO production through iNOS induction in bovine SMC, that was not related to the structure of VK2, naphtoquinone nucleus or its side chain, independently of γ-carboxylation.View full abstractDownload PDF (2197K) -
Sanae TAJIMA, Kazuhito SURUGA, Toshinao GODA, Sachiko TAKASE1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 725-732
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRetinol absorbed and generated from dietary β-carotene can be esteried by retinol esterifying enzyme(s) in intestinal absorptive cells. In this study, we observed the developmental changes and villus-crypt distribution of the activities of two retinol esterifying enzymes (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT); and acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in chick duodenum) to seek the possibility that these enzymes play distinct roles in retinol absorption and metabolism. Intestinal LRAT activity was barely expressed in embryonic stages until 2-3 d before hatching, when its activity becomes detectable; thereafter it abruptly increased to the maximal level at the third day of the posthatch period. In contrast, ARAT activity was present in the duodenum at the earliest stage examined, the 15th day of embryogenesis, and was elevated to the maximal level 3-4 d after hatching. An assay of LRAT and ARAT activities along the villus-crypt axis of the duodenum by a cryostat sectioning technique revealed that between the day of hatching and 1 d posthatch, an abrupt induction of LRAT activity occurred only in the villus region of the duodenum, where a coordinated induction of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII), was observed. In contrast, the rise in ARAT activity observed around the hatching period occurred at the broader portions of the villi including the area of villus-crypt junction. These observations in the developmental changes and distribution of LRAT and ARAT activities suggest that LRAT activity but not ARAT activity is closely related to the induction of CRBPII in the duodenum of developing chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (973K) -
Midori M. NARUSE, Ikuo OHARA, Tae KOBAYASHI, Yoshinori ITOKAWA, Yutaka ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 733-746
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of taste stimulation on serum free-amino acid concentrations and amylase and trypsin activities in fasting rats was studied. Following an acclimation period of 5 d, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fasted for 4 d and sacrificed after taste stimulation with a palatable sodium saccharin or unpalatable quinine sulfate flavored diet. Blood was collected from the portal vein and inferior vena cava at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after taste stimulation. Intestinal contents were also collected at the same time intervals as the blood collections. Total amino acid concentrations in the saccharin stimulated group increased significantly at 5 and 20 min following taste stimulation in comparison with the control of 0 time in the portal vein, and a significant difference between the saccharin and quinine stimulated groups was also observed at 5 min. No difference was found in the inferior vena cava. A high level of alanine and low level of glutamine were depicted in the portal vein as compared to that of the inferior vena cava. The elevation of alanine that is gluconeogenic amino acid was remarkable in the saccharin group at 20 min in the portal vein. Moreover, amylase and trypsin activities in the saccharin group reached peak values promptly and kept constant throughout the ex-periment as compared to the quinine group. The results suggest that taste stimulation originates changes in the cephalic phase amino acid concentrations in the portal vein and that taste information, overcoming a hunger, plays an important role in amino acid metabolism and digestive enzyme activities. Therefore, eating with gusto is significant for the maintenance of body functions even under starvation conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1435K) -
Mauro E. VALENCIA, Humberto ASTIAZARÁN, Julian ESPARZA, Lucia G ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 747-757
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study of 296 school-age Yaqui Indian children (6-10y) was conducted in 26 rural communities. Vitamin A status was determined by retinol and carotenoid serum levels according to a method described previously (IVACG, 1982). Serum retinol and carotenoids in children were analyzed according to community size. Vitamin A intake was assessed in a sub-sample by means of a 24h recall questionnaire. Serum retinol distribution showed that 6.3% of the children were below 10μg/100mL (0.35μmol/L) and 40% were in the range of 10-20μg/100mL (0.35-0.70μmol/L). Differences (p<0.02) were found between small and large communities (Median, 95% CI): 19.2 (17.1, 20.9)μg/100mL and 22.9 (20.3, 24.1)μg/100mL. Serum carotenoid levels were significantly higher in large than in small and medium communities: 72 (68.2, 77.8)μg/100mL versus 62.4 (53.3, 68.2) and 62.4 (55.7, 69.6)μg/100mL, respectively. Food staples were wheat flour tortillas, pinto beans, corn tortillas, few animal products and scarce fresh vegetables. Mean vitamin A consumption was 244±29μg RE (34.9% of the US RDA). Iron status showed that only 4 children were classified as anemic, with two of them having iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficient erithropoiesis was observed in 7.8% of the children and iron depletion only in 4.4%. The Yaqui diet seems to provide adequate amounts of iron but not of vitamin A or its precursors, which renders a vitamin A status of sub-clinical deficiency that could be considered a public health problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
Osamu EZAKI, Mayumi TAKAHASHI, Takashi SHIGEMATSU, Kyoko SHIMAMURA, Ju ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 759-772
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough important roles of dietary n-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been suggested, long-term effects of dietary α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) have not yet been established under controlled conditions. We tested whether a moderate increase of dietary ALA affects fatty acids composition in serum and the risk factors of CHD. Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) was directly measured by ELISA using antibody specific to OxLDL. By merely replacing soybean cooking oil (SO) with perilla oil (PO) (i.e., increasing 3g/d of ALA), the n-6/n-3 ratio in the diet was changed from 4:1 to 1:1. Twenty Japanese elderly subjects were initially given a SO diet for at least 6 mo (baseline period), a PO diet for 10 mo (intervention period), and then returned to the previous SO diet (washout period). ALA in the total serum lipid increased from 0.8 to 1.6% after 3 mo on the PO diet, but EPA and DHA increased in a later time, at 10 mo after the PO diet, from 2.5 to 3.6% and 5.3 to 6.4%, respectively (p<0.05), and then returned to baseline in the washout period. In spite of increases of serum n-3 fatty acids, the OxLDL concentration did not change significantly when given the PO diet. Body weight, total serum cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose, insulin and HbA1c concentrations, platelet count and aggregation function, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and PAT-1 concentration, and other routine blood analysis did not change significantly when given the PO diet. These data indicate that, even in elderly subjects, a 3g/d increase of dietary ALA could increase serum EPA and DHA in 10 mo without any major adverse effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1646K) -
Yoritaka AOYAMA, Mika TAKAGI, Akira YOSHIDA1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 773-783
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain further information on lipid metabolism in the histidine-excess and copper-deficiency, rats were fed basal, histidine-excess (the addition of 50g L-histidine/kg diet) or copper-deficient diets for 0, 7, 21 and 42 d ad libitum. Liver triacylglycerol accumulated and the serum triacylglycerol level decreased after feeding of the histidine-excess diet for 21 or 42 d, but not after feeding of the copper-deficient diet. Serum cholesterol level increased in rats fed the histidine-excess diet for 7, 21 and 42 d, but not in rats fed the copper-deficient diet. Copper content in the liver and serum significantly decreased in rats fed the histidine-excess diet. Copper content in the liver and serum was marked-ly decreased in rats fed the copper-deficient diet. Liver zinc content was constant, but the serum zinc level decreased in rats fed the histidine-excess diet. Feeding of the copper-deficient diet hardly affected zinc con-tent in the liver and serum. Urinary copper and zinc increased in rats fed the histidine-excess diet, and decreased or showed a decreasing tendency in rats fed the copper-deficient diet. Overall results indicated that feeding the histidine-excess diet caused copper deficiency, whereas hypercholester-olemia was not shown in rats fed the copper-deficient diet although the livers of rats fed the copper-deficient diet contained less copper than those of rats fed the histidine-excess diet. Thus, the responses on liver triacylglycerol and serum cholesterol to copper deficiency induced by the feeding of a histidine-excess diet are different from those to copper de-ficiency induced by feeding of a copper-deficient diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (1228K) -
Jin-ichi SASAKI, Takeshi KITA, Kunio ISHITA, Hidemitsu UCHISAWA, Hajim ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 785-790
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antibacterial activity of garlic powder against 0-157 was tested by using garlic bulbs post-harvested 1y. O-157 at 106-7 cfu/mL perished after incubation for 24h with a 1% solution of garlic powder. The use of powder from fresh garlic was more effective for antibacterial activity than that from old garlic; the 1% solution of fresh garlic powder eradicating the O-157 in 6h. The antibacterial activity was resistant to heat treatment of 100°C for 20min. The water-soluble components of garlic powder were fractionated into three fractions (Fr. 1-3) by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, among which Fr. 3 showed antibacterial activity against O-157 but the other fractions were scarce in activity. The antibacterial activity was also shown against other types of pathogenic bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enteritidis, and Candida albicans. Thus, the practical use of garlic powder is expected to prevent bacteria-caused food poisoning.View full abstractDownload PDF (1017K) -
Yuko SUZUKI, Tomonori UNNO, Masao USHITANI, Kazuhiko HAYASHI, Takami K ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 791-795
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBanaba in the Tagalog name, Lagerstroemia speciosa L., has been used as a folk medicine for a long time among diabetics in the Philippines. Extracts from banaba leaves have been reported to reduce diabetic symptoms in genetically diabetic mice (Type II, KK-Ay). In the present study, female mice of the same strain showing remarkable body weight gain were used to examine the antiobesity effect of dietary banaba extract. Five-week-old female KK-Ay mice were fed a control diet or test diet containing 5% of a hot-water extract from banaba leaves instead of cellulose for 12 wk. Neither group showed any changes in diet intake during the experimental period. Body weight gain and parametrial adipose tissue weight were lowered significantly in the banaba diet group. Blood glucose levels were not suppressed in the banaba diet group, but hemoglobin A1C was found to be suppressed at the end of the experiment. No effects on the serum lipids were observed, but the mice fed banaba extract showed a significant decrease, to 65% of the control level in total hepatic lipid contents. This decrease was due to a reduction in the accumulation of triglyceride. These results suggest that banaba had a beneficial effect on obese female KK-Ay mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Hideki YOSHIKAWA, Makoto KOTARU, Chie TANAKA, Tsuneo IKEUCHI, Makoto K ...1999 Volume 45 Issue 6 Pages 797-802
Published: 1999
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of some experimental parameters on α-amylase inhibition by an oc-amylase inhibitor from kintoki bean were examined. The rate of inhibition against pancreatic α-amylase increased with a rise in temperature to 50°C, but the inhibition of salivary α-amylase reached a maximum above 35°C. Although an increase in NaCI concentration to 1.5M caused an increase in the inhibitory activities against both amylases, these inhibitory activities tended to decrease above 1.5M NaCl. The effects of proteolytic digestion on the amylase inhibitory activity were also studied. The inhibitor was slightly inactivated by pepsin digestion for 2h. Although the inhibitor rapidly lost the inhibitory activity by chymotrypsin digestion within 2h, it was quite resistant to proteolytic digestion by trypsin.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K)
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