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Volume 46 (2000)
- Issue 6 Pages 271-
- Issue 5 Pages 215-
- Issue 4 Pages 149-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Keiko TANAKA, Keiko TAZUYA, Kazuko YAMADA, Hiroshi KUMAOKA2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 55-57
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amide nitrogen atom of glutamine was incorporated into pyridoxine in four eukaryotes, Emericella nidulans, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and two prokaryotes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but not in the fol-lowing prokaryotes, Pseudomonas putida, Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coll. On the other hand, the nitrogen atom of glutamate was incorporated into pyridoxine in P. putida, E. aerogenes and E. coil, but not in S. aureus and B. subtilis. These results suggest that there are at least two different biosynthetic routes for pyridoxine and the difference does not depend on prokaryotes and eukaryotes.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Kazunori KOBA, Jim-Wen LIU, Emil BOBIK, Michihiro SUGANO, Yung-Sheng H ...2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 58-64
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice bran oil (RBO), when blended with safflower oil (SFO) at the ratio of 7 to 3, has been shown to lower serum cholesterol in humans consuming cholesterol. The mechanism as to how this oil blend exerts its effect is not yet clear. This study examined the effect of cholesterol supplementation on the cholesterol-lowering ability of different RBO/SFO blends. Male Sprague Dawley rats (4 wk old) were fed purified diets containing 10% fat with or without the addition of 0.5% cholesterol for 3 wk. The fat was either SFO or RBO alone, or the mixture of these two oils at the ratio of 7:3 (7S/3R), 5:5 (5S/5R), or 3:7 (3S/7R). Without cholesterol supplementation, there were no significant differences in the serum and liver total cholesterol levels among different dietary fats. However, the HDL cholesterol level of rats fed the RBO-containing diets (especially in rats fed the 3S/7R diet) was higher than that of rats fed the diet containing SFO alone. This resulted in an increase in the ratio of HDL/total cholesterol-a desirable outcome. Supplementation of the diets with 0.5% cholesterol significantly increased the cholesterol level in both the serum and the liver. Increasing the proportion of RBO in the diet further raised the total cholesterol level in the serum whereas it reduced liver cholesterol. Then, the specific effect of the 3S/7R mixture on the ratio of HDL/total cholesterol disappeared. These findings suggest that cholesterol supplemented at the level of 0.5% in this study masked the cholesterol-lowering effect of RBO. Smaller percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acid (i.e., 18:2n-6) in the RBO-containing diets than in the SFO diet might have reduced their ability to dispose the circulating serum cholesterol into the liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (1263K) -
Takashi KUDA, Toshiki ENOMOTO, Toshihiro YANO, Tateo FUJII2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 65-70
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the dietary effects of three lipids from different sources on intes-tinal conditions, diets containing 10% corn oil (CO), 1% corn oil +9% beef tallow (BT) or 1 % corn oil + 9 % menhaden fish oil (MO) were administered to male mice for 4 wk. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), non-esterifide fatty acids (NEPA) and glucose in plasma were lower in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO or BT. The plasma phospholipid (PL) level was lower for mice fed MO than in mice fed BT. Levels of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), soluble saccharides and soluble proteins in the cecum were significantly higher in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO or BT. The number of fecal bacteroidaceae was lower in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on BT. On the other hand, the number of fecal bifidobac-teria was greater in mice fed on MO than in mice fed on CO. These results suggest the possi-bility that menhaden oil affects lower intestinal microfiora through the increase of not only oxide products but also saccharides and proteins in the intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (1178K) -
Yoshiharu SHIMOMURA, Taro MURAKAMI, Naoya NAKAI, Masaru NAGASAKI, Mari ...2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 71-77
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of a diet supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; 4.8% or 6.2%) on BCAA catabolism and glycogen metabolism in rats were examined. Rats were fed a BCAA diet or control diet for 4 wk and part of the rats were subjected to exercise training during the experimental period. Feeding the BCAA diet increased serum BCAA concentrations and activity of the hepatic branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase com-plex, the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of BCAA, suggesting that dietary BCAA promotes BCAA catabolism. Although the serum glucose concentration and glycogen con-tents in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of rested rats were not significantly affected by feeding of the BCAA diet, those in rats exhausted by acute exercise were 2-4-fold higher in rats fed the BCAA diet than in rats fed the control diet. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle after acute exercise showed reverse trends; the complex activities (especially in liver) tended to be less in the BCAA diet group than in the control diet group. These results suggest that dietary BCAA spares glycogen stores in liver and skeletal muscle during exercise and that the decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in these tissues by dietary BCAA is involved in the mechanisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1362K) -
Kenichi MIZUTANI, Katsumi IKEDA, Yasuhiro KAWAI, Yukio YAMORI2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 78-83
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 15, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of resveratrol (3, 4', 5-trihydroxy stilbene), a phenolic compound found in the skins of most grapes, on blood pressure and bone loss in ovariec-tomized (OVX), stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Nineteen-week-old female SHRSP were divided into a sham-ovariectomized (sham) group fed a control diet and two OVX groups fed either a control diet (OVX-Cont) or a diet supplemented with resveratrol (5 mg/kg per d; OVX-Resv). Ovariectomy induced significant increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Resveratrol lowered the SBP by 15% by the third week of administration, and this effect was maintained throughout the study. Resveratrol treatment also signifi-cantly enhanced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) in OVX rats. Finally, femur breaking energies measured for the resveratrol-treated (OVX-Resv) group were significantly higher than those of the resveratrol-untreated (OVX-Cont) group. While no significant differences in calcium, magnesium and phosphorus con-tent were found between the femurs of OVX-Cont and OVX-Resv rats, the femur hydroxy-proline content in the OVX-Resv group was significantly higher than of the OVX-Cont group. We conclude that, in OVX-SHRSP, resveratrol acts by a similar mechanism to mam-malian estrogens, lowering blood pressure by increasing dilatory responses to ACh. The present study also demonstrated that resveratrol was able to prevent ovariectomy-induced decreases in femoral bone strength.View full abstractDownload PDF (1364K) -
Junko UDAKA, Tetsuro KOGA, Hideaki TSUJI, Masumi KIMOTO, Kenji TAKUMI2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 84-90
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo typical storage proteins (prolamin and glutelin) in a total of 14 samples of ancient rice cultivars were examined for their accumulation in the endosperms during days after flowering (DAF), extraction efficiency with various solvents, and variations in polypeptide components or amino acid compositions. There was little difference in accumu-lation profiles between this and previous observations, in which glutelin appeared on 5-7 DAF and prolamin on 7-9 DAF. As for the extraction of prolamin and glutelin, it was most effectively attained by sequential usage of 55% propanol and 2% SDS. As a result of SDS-PAGE, prolamin and glutelin proved to be composed mainly of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight (MW) of 15 kDa and two subunits with MWs of 21 kDa (α) and 32 kDa (β), respectively. A comparison between the ancient and modern rice cultivars revealed the same physicochemical properties in either case of prolamin or glutelin. Additionally, a good relationship was observed on the total protein and glutelin (but not prolamin) contents in the ancient rice cultivar.View full abstractDownload PDF (2931K) -
Naoyuki AZUMA, Hitoshi SUDA, Hiroyuki IWASAKI, Natsuko YAMAGATA, Tohru ...2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 91-96
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 15, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain information on the preventive effects of various food pro-teins against colonic cancer, six groups of azoxymethane-initiated mature Fischer rats (n=10) were fed respective diets different in protein sources such as bovine milk casein (ca-sein), high-molecular-weight fraction from protolytic digest of soy protein isolate (soybean HMF), hen's yolk defatted protein (yolk protein), wheat gluten and codfish meat, which had been supplemented with sodium deoxycholate (hereinafter, DCA) as a cancer promoter ex-cept for an additional DCA-unfed casein group. All of the living rats at checkpoints during the feeding period were examined by the use of a bronchus fiberscope for colonic tumor inci-dence at 6 wk intervals between the 10th and 34th wk, from which both blood and feces samples were taken at times of endoscopy. Tumorigenesis in the colon was perceived by en-doscopy at wk 22 in the group fed DCA casein only and at wk 28 in the other groups except the DCA-unfed casein group. At wk 34, both soybean HMF and yolk protein groups ranked inferior to the DCA-unfed group in tumor incidence. When plasma steroid or lipid concen-tration was plotted against tumor incidence at wk 2 8 or 34, positive correlations were found between plasma bile acid concentration and tumor incidence at both weeks. With the exception of the DCA-unfed casein group, plasma bile acid concentration was reversely cor-related to fecal bile acid excretion. Taken altogether, these results suggest that bile acids at higher concentrations in the plasma may serve as risk factors of colon tumor incidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1223K) -
Keiko MIZOGUCHI, Mamiko KAGAWA, Mikio NAKAMURA, Kazuyoshi SATO2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 97-100
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForms of vitamin B12 (B12) compounds in young and aged corbiculas were ex-amined by bioautography using B12-requiring microorganisms combined with cellulose ac-etate membrane electrophoresis or high-performane liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both corbiculas (per 100 g) contained ca. 30 ug of cobalamin, a complete type of B12. Five known B12 compounds, adenosylB12(AdoB12), methylB12, hydroxoB12, sulfitoB12 and cyanoB12, were identified by bioautography. Young corbicula contained more B12 compounds, as-sumed as methylB12, AdoB12 and sulfitoB12, as compared to aged corbicula. All of the B12 compounds detected around the location corresponding to those of methylB12, AdoB12 and sulfitoB12 in the bioautography were converted into compounds that behaved like hydroxoB12 after photolysis. Young corbicula was found to contain an unidentified B12 com-pound using bioautography combined with HPLC. A large portion of the B12 compound that moved like hydroxoB12 during cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis using 0.5 N acetic acid might be identical with the unidentified B12 compound detected in the HPLC-bioautog-raphy.View full abstractDownload PDF (692K) -
Maki OKADA, Miho KYOGUCHI, Toru NAKAYAMA, Rie HIROTA, Teruo AMACHI, Ta ...2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 101-104
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed β-glucosidase-catalyzed transglucosylation to D-pantothenic acid using a reversed-phase HPLC system in order to obtain 4'-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-pantothenic acid (PaG) at a higher yield. The HPLC system was simpler and more straight-forward for the PaG analysis than the previously employed bioassay method and could also be adopted for efficient isolation of PaG Penicillium decumbens naringinase showed the high-est glucosyl transfer activity to D-pantothenic acid, and the reaction using smaller amounts of naringinase for prolonged periods of reaction time (70 h<) was important to attain higher yields of glucosyl transfer. Maximum overall yields of PaG of 10 and 4% (mol/mol, based on D-pantothenic acid) were obtained using β, β'-trehalose and cellobiose, respectively, as glucosyl donors. The value was 3.6- and 1.4-times higher, respectively, than that obtained by previous synthesis and isolation procedures.View full abstractDownload PDF (788K) -
Hiroko KIKUCHI-HAYAKAWA, Norie ONODERA-MASUOKA, Mitsuyoshi KANO, Satos ...2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 105-108
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of soy milk and fermented soy milk on lipid metabolism were stud-ied in ovariectomized Syrian hamsters. Five mo-old Syrian hamsters were randomly as-signed to four treatment groups: ovariectomized (OVX)+control diet (OVX-C); OVX+soy milk diet (OVX-SM); OVX+fermented soy milk diet (OVX-FSM); and sham-operated+con-trol diet (Sham-C). The hamsters were fed on these diets for 4 wk. The atherogenic index value of the OVX-FSM group was lower than that of the OVX-C group. The plasma triglyc-eride level of the OVX-FSM group was significantly lower than that of the OVX-C group. The liver total cholesterol contents in the OVX-SM and OVX-FSM groups were significantly lower than that in the OVX-C group. Thus, these results demonstrate that bifidobacterium-fermented soy milk had a hypolipidemic effect in ovariectomized hamsters.View full abstractDownload PDF (916K) -
Kenji TAKUMI, Junko UDAKA, Masumi KIMOTO, Tetsuzo KOGA, Hideaki TSUJI2000 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 109-112
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFoxtail millet glutelin 60 kDa (MG60) was purified by preparative SDS-PAGE, and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was determined within 20 residues. The result demonstrated that the primary structure at N-terminal of MG60 was almost identical to those of the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) proteins from rice, barley, corn, wheat and potato. The existence of common epitopes among MG60 and GBSS proteins from these starch-storing cereals were corroborated by immunoblot analysis using antisera raised against MG60. These facts strongly suggest a close relationship between MG60-like glutelins and GBSS proteins.View full abstractDownload PDF (1797K)
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