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Volume 64 (2018)
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Volume 64, Issue 3
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
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Wei WANG, Shandong YE, Liting QIAN, Xuenong XING2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 173-178
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Supplementary materialThis study aimed to explore the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and insulin resistance as well as β-cell function in Chinese Han patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 264 patients was included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D, plasma glucose, serum insulin and other biochemical parameters were assayed. Postprandial venous blood was collected after a mixed-nutrient load. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda ISI). The β-cell function was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion (HOMA-β) and the change in insulin divided by change in glucose from 0 to 30 min (ΔI0-30/ΔG0-30). Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D levels. There were significant differences in HOMA-IR and Matsuda ISI among the three groups (HOMA-IR, p=0.005; Matsuda ISI, p=0.009). Pearson correlation analyses showed that serum 25(OH)D was negatively correlated with fasting serum insulin (FIns) (r=−0.209, p=0.012) and HOMA-IR (r=−0.273, p=0.001), and positively correlated with Matsuda ISI (r=0.219, p=0.009) only in the male population. Multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that in the male population, serum 25(OH)D was an independent predictor for both HOMA-IR and Matsuda ISI before and after adjustment for confounding factors, respectively (p<0.05 for both). This study indicates the association of vitamin D with insulin resistance in male patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, which may contribute to the understanding of the mechanism underlying the onset of T2DM in the Chinese Han population.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Rosa María OLIART ROS, Ida Soto RODRÍGUEZ, María ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 179-184
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have an important role in reducing hypertriglyceridemia, these acids decrease the mortality for Coronary Heart Disease. Very important is the relationship between fatty acid biosynthesis and distribution in organs and tissues involved in insulin resistance and hypertension due to its role in the production of vasoactive eicosanoids and their effects on insulin sensitivity; which is estimated with the HOMA-IR index, which relates the physiological and metabolic behavior of glucose and insulin in the body. The aim of this project was to compare the effect of sardine oil and omega-3 oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: EPA (≈30%) and DHA (≈50%) administered for 6 to 8 wk respectively; on the lipid composition of the plasma membrane of epididymal adipocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their relation to obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. The administration of omega-3 enriched oil significantly decreased the HOMA criteria as an insulin resistance indicator compared to the sardine oil.View full abstractDownload PDF (559K) -
Kiyoko WATANABE, Hiroko HIRAMINE, Toshizo TOYAMA, Nobushiro HAMADA2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 185-191
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrequent or persistent malodor (halitosis) represents a considerable embarrassment to those affected. French pine bark extract, Pycnogenol® (PYC), has displayed antibacterial activity against a broad range of bacterial species. In the present study, anticipated benefits of PYC on diminishing halitosis were investigated. Ten healthy males and 11 females, aged 40.1±12.3 y, were recruited based on threshold breath sulfur compounds presence, diagnosed by portable gas chromatography. Subjects were randomly assigned to either sugar-free gums, or gums bearing an additional 2.5 mg PYC per piece. The subjects were required to consume two pieces of PYC or placebo gum six times daily for 15 min. The levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), measured by OralChromaTM, and tongue-coating score were recorded at baseline, 2, and 4 wk. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva were cultured on Brucella blood agar plates containing 0.05% cysteine, 0.12% glutathione, and 0.02% lead acetate. The group consuming PYC chewing gum reduced exhaled hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide significantly (p<0.01) after 2 wk versus baseline. Continuation of daily PYC-gum consumption for 4 wk remarkably lowered the tongue-coating score and exhaled hydrogen sulfide was significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. PYC chewing gum significantly reduced hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva after 4 wk (p<0.01), with no effects observed in the placebo control. The results suggest that PYC chewing gum is effective in reducing oral malodor by decreasing the accumulation of tongue coating and the number of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in saliva.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Tomonori SATO, Nao MURAMATSU, Yoshiaki ITO, Yoshio YAMAMOTO, Takashi N ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 192-199
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNon-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is a phenotype of metabolic syndrome, and aging is a risk factor for this condition. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) is a murine model for studying aging-associated disorders. We here investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with L-lysine (Lys) on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in SAMP8 mice. Triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) accumulated in the livers of SAMP8 mice fed a standard diet at 36 wk of age. However, intake of a Lys-rich diet for 2 mo prevented the accumulation of TG and Chol in the liver. Plasma alanine aminotransferase activity, an index of liver injury, was decreased by Lys. The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, which regulate β-oxidation, were increased in the livers of SAMP8 mice fed the Lys-rich diet. Taken together, our study suggests dietary intake of Lys prevents hepatic steatosis by stimulating β-oxidation in SAMP8 mice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
Ryuto MARUYAMA, Makoto SHIMIZU, Tsutomu HASHIDUME, Jun INOUE, Nobuyuki ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 200-208
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), mainly synthesized and secreted from the liver, is an endocrine FGF that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism to maintain whole body energy homeostasis. Gene expression of FGF21 was previously reported to be induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). It has been reported that drug-induced ER stress is reduced by overexpression of FGF21. However, the function of endogenous FGF21 under physiological conditions such as the postprandial state remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of both endogenous and exogenous FGF21 on postprandial hepatic ER stress. In mice, postprandial and tunicamycin-induced ER stress was significantly reduced by overexpression of FGF21 using a recombinant adenovirus. FGF21-deficient mice exhibited a more considerable increase in drug-induced ER stress target gene expression than wild-type mice. Following refeeding after fasting, FGF21 deficiency caused severe ER stress in the liver. The postprandial ER stress response was significantly reduced when hepatic FGF21 gene expression was increased by feeding a diet containing the soy protein β-conglycinin which activates ATF4. Together, these results demonstrate that FGF21 reduces the increased expression of a subset of genes in the liver in response to ER stress and may correct metabolic disorders caused by ER stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (999K) -
Yusaku AKASHI, Hiromichi SUZUKI, Koji KANEMOTO, Yumi HIROSE, Keita YAM ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 209-214
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Supplementary materialThe association between advanced age and the thiamine concentration has not been conclusively determined. A recent report from Japan showed that more than half of nursing home elderly residents at an institution had a low whole-blood thiamine concentration (<20 ng/mL). Therefore, a high incidence of low thiamine concentrations among hospitalized elderly has been anticipated in the Japanese population but never investigated. We evaluated the whole thiamine concentration in newly hospitalized elderly patients (≥65 y old) with infectious diseases. Evaluations were performed on admission and at days 6-8 of hospitalization with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). As a result, we enrolled a total of 471 patients from September 2015 to December 2016. The median thiamine concentration was 46 ng/mL (IQR, 37-58 ng/mL). Only 7 patients (1%) had thiamine concentrations below 20 ng/mL (66 nmol/L) on admission. Five of these patients were bedridden and unable to eat food by themselves, and the other two patients used loop diuretics for chronic heart failure. The thiamine concentration declined in most patients (84%) at days 6-8 of admission, regardless of their dietary intake during hospitalization. In conclusion, a low thiamine concentration was not prevalent among newly hospitalized elderly patients with infectious diseases. However, the thiamine concentration significantly decreased during the 6-8 d of hospitalization.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
Bungo SHIROUCHI, Rikako YAMANAKA, Shoji TANAKA, Fagyun KAWATOU, Takuya ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 215-221
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Supplementary materialDietary intake of total phospholipids (PLs) accounts for approximately 10% of total dietary lipids. Each PL molecular class has various beneficial effects on health. However, limited information is available regarding the intake of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) among Japanese people, and the relevant food sources. In this study, we quantified the contents of PC, PE, PI, PS, LPC, and SM in 120 meal samples served in a Japanese company’s dormitory and cafeteria. Additionally, we measured the weight of each food group and estimated the contents of nutrients in these meals. Furthermore, we conducted a stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify predictors (food groups) of each PL class intake. The contents of total PL, PC, PE, PI+PS, LPC, and SM (mean value) were 4.44, 2.17, 0.632, 0.123, 0.313, and 0.127 g/d, respectively. These values were considered as daily PL intake in accordance with data (three macronutrients, vitamins, and minerals) from our study and the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS) Japan, 2015. The content of eggs, meat, fish and shellfish, milk, pulses, fruits, mushrooms, cereals, and fats and oils in the meals predicted the PL and PC contents. The content of eggs, pulses, and mushrooms in the meals predicted the PE contents. Our results determined the daily intake of PL molecular classes among Japanese people and the food sources of PC and PE, and suggested that multiple regression analysis is useful for the prediction of food sources of bioactive components.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Shuichi KAMO, Yuichi TAKADA, Takatoshi YAMASHITA, Toshiro SATO, Erika ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 222-228
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGroup B soyasaponins, found in soy, have various health-promoting properties, but it is unclear whether they have an anti-obesity effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of group B soyasaponin glycosides and aglycone in mice fed a high-fat diet. Six-week-old C57/BL6 mice were divided into three groups (each n=10) and orally administered a high-fat diet for 35 d; two of the groups also received group B soyasaponin glycosides or aglycone. Although there was no significant difference among the three groups in consumption, the weight of fat adipose tissue at autopsy was more than 30% lower in the group B soyasaponin aglycone group than in the control group, but X-ray computed tomography showed no significant difference in muscle weight between these two groups. The ratio of muscle to whole body weight was higher in the group B soyasaponin aglycone group than in the control group. These results suggest that group B soyasaponin aglycone has a stronger anti-obesity effect than group B soyasaponin glycosides, without a loss in muscle weight, and that it increases the ratio of muscle to whole body weight. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the anti-obesity effect of soyasaponin aglycone in vivo using animal models.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K)
Note
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Yuma HIROSE, Takumi ONISHI, Shinji MIURA, Yukino HATAZAWA, Yasutomi KA ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 229-232
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVitamin D is known to be effective for the prevention of muscle atrophy, such as age-related sarcopenia. However, vitamin D action in skeletal muscle tissue and muscle cells is largely unknown. We previously found that a transcription factor, FOXO1 gene expression, was induced in various muscle atrophy conditions causing muscle atrophy by upregulating atrophy-related genes, including atrogin 1 (ubiquitin ligase) and cathepsin L (lysosomal proteinase). In this study, we found that vitamin D inhibited FOXO1-mediated transcriptional activity in a reporter gene assay. Moreover, vitamin D suppressed the glucocorticoid-induced gene expression of atrogin 1 and cathepsin L in C2C12 myoblasts. Thus, vitamin D may prevent muscle atrophy via the FOXO1-mediated pathway in muscle cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (537K) -
Xi LI, Kazuhiko HIGASHIDA, Takuji KAWAMURA, Mitsuru HIGUCHI2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 233-238
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is known that a high-fat diet induces an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. To examine the time course of decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle after discontinuing a high-fat diet feeding, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 wk and then switched to the control diet for another 3 or 7 d. During the high-fat diet withdrawal period, the protein content of the mitochondrial respiratory chain decreased faster than the fatty acid oxidation enzymes. The mitochondrial DNA copy number remained high for at least 1 wk after withdrawing the high-fat diet. These results suggested that after switching to the control diet following a period of high-fat diet, the increased mitochondrial biogenesis levels are maintained for a few days, and the rate of decline is divergent between the different mitochondrial components.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
Kenichi SHIBUYA, Mai MISEGAWA, Megumi FUKUHARA, Shiniya HIRANO, Kasumi ...2018 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 239-242
Published: 2018
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Supplementary materialIn the present study, we examined the cognitive function during mastication of lemon-flavored gum, which is said to enhance cerebral blood flow. Nine healthy subjects (8 female and 1 male) participated in this study. Subjects chewed the gum for 3 min after fasting for 2 h and conducted a Stroop test while continuing to chew. At the end of all answers, gum chewing ended. The response time in the Stroop test was used as an indicator of cognitive function. We set the three conditions (lemon-flavored gum, mint-flavored gum, no gum chewing). There was no significant difference in reaction time between chewing mint-flavored gum and not chewing (p>0.05). However, the response time during chewing gum with a lemon flavor was significant slower than the conditions with mint-flavored gum and without gum chewing (p<0.05, in both). From the results of the present study, it was suggested that the response time delay of the Stroop test observed during the chewing of lemon-flavored gum revealed temporary decay of cognitive function during lemon-flavored gum chewing. It is suggested that lemon-flavored chewing gum forces a brain overload, resulting in a temporary decrease in cognitive function.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K)
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